Atualmente, novas alternativas para as redes de computadores estão surgindo, tais como ReMAVs (Redes Metropolitanas de Alta Velocidade), Internet2, RNP2 e Advanced ANSP (Academic Network at São Paulo). Neste novo cenário, alta largura de banda e qualidade de serviço são aspectos fundamentais. Tais redes têm como objetivo suportar o tráfego de áudio e vídeo em tempo real com qualidade, o que viabilizará o desenvolvimento de aplicações avançadas - por exemplo, aplicações de videoconferência - que exigem maiores capacidades das mesmas. Este projeto apresenta, na revisão bibliográfica, conceitos de videoconferência; suas principais características; e algumas considerações sobre os tipos de cenários e o ambiente dos participantes. Neste projeto foi realizada uma avaliação de sistemas de videoconferência baseando-se em parâmetros que foram estabelecidos de acordo com a recomendação ITU-T F.730. Com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi possível estabelecer e validar um conjunto mínimo de parâmetros para avaliação que poderá auxiliar na escolha de sistemas de videoconferência. / This project aims to present concepts of videoconference, some considerations about scenarios and environment for videoconference users, considered at the time of the evaluation. In this project was done an evaluation of videoconference systems based in parameters established under ITU-T F.730 recommendation. Futhermore, it was possible establishing and validating a minimum set of parameters for evaluation which is usefull to choose videoconference systems.

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2018-01-09T11:43:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marceloalessandrorigotti_tese.pdf: 1594173 bytes, checksum: ab2cf8bf6df41438b2a1e87f2d06b4ff (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-09T11:43:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marceloalessandrorigotti_tese.pdf: 1594173 bytes, checksum: ab2cf8bf6df41438b2a1e87f2d06b4ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-27 / Introduction: Contamination of hospital surfaces plays an important role in the spread of infection related to health care. There is still no consensus as to how environmental surfaces should be cleaned and / or disinfected, and the most appropriate methods for assessing the cleaning / disinfection process. There are different systems for monitoring the efficiency of the process of cleaning hospital surfaces: among them, visual inspection, fluorescent marker, adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence and microbiological cultures. Objectives: 1. To compare the efficiency of three surface friction techniques to reduce organic matter; 2. Evaluate the efficiency of concurrent cleaning / disinfection of operating room surfaces; 3. Evaluate the efficiency before / after cleaning / disinfection of operating room surfaces after review and implementation of an L / D protocol with an emphasis on educational and procedural interventions. Material and Methods: 1. Quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study carried out before and after the cleaning / disinfection process of the bedside tables of the patient unit. Three unidirectional, bi-directional and centrifugal friction techniques were performed individually on each table. For each patient unit and friction technique, a single table and cloth moistened with 70% alcohol (w / v) was used. Organic matter was detected by the presence of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence using the 3M ™ Clean-Trace ™ ATP Systems system. 2. A prospective, correlational study developed in the interior of São Paulo, in July 2014. Non - probabilistic sample consisted of the surfaces: surgical table, anesthesia machine, accessory table and counter, being evaluated by visual inspection, microbiological culture and adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence, at the frequency of one operating room per day. 3. Similar to study 2, but between the months of July and August of 2014. Together, the coordinating nurse of the surgical unit carried out educational intervention and standardization of procedures. Results: 1. For each technique, 13 samples were collected before / after the cleaning / disinfection process, totaling 78 crops. There was no statistical difference between techniques for the removal of organic matter. This study demonstrated that the three surface friction techniques are effective (p <0.05). 2. Twelve samples per surface were collected in 12 days, before and after cleaning / disinfection, totaling 96 samples. The cleaning / disinfection significantly reduced the quantification of adenosine triphosphate and microbial counting of the anesthesia and counter apparatus (p <0.05). The overall rate of cleaned surfaces by visual inspection, microbiological culture and adenosine triphosphate was, before cleaning and disinfection, 37.5%, 10.4% and 12.5%, respectively, and 39.6%, 31, 2% and 70.8% after. 3. Number of samples similar to study 2. Cleaning / disinfection significantly decreased all monitoring parameters for all surfaces. The overall rate of cleaned surfaces by visual inspection, ATP and culture was respectively 47.0%, 37.5% and 22.0% before cleaning and disinfection, and 81.2%, 89.6% and 70.1% after. Conclusions: 1. Further studies considering other indicators and surfaces are needed. 2. The protocol for cleaning / disinfecting operating room surfaces needs to be re-evaluated in order to provide safety to the surgical patient. 3. The elaboration and implementation of the protocol of cleaning / disinfection of the operating room proved to be efficient, since it presented smaller and significant results after the cleaning / disinfection, considering the methods of measurement of the process of cleaning the environmental surfaces. / Introdução: A contaminação das superfícies hospitalares desempenha importante papel na disseminação da infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde. Ainda não há consenso a respeito de como as superfícies ambientais devem ser limpas e/ou desinfetadas, bem como, quais os métodos mais apropriados para avaliar o processo de limpeza/desinfecção. Há diferentes sistemas para monitoramento da eficiência do processo de limpeza de superfícies hospitalares: entre eles, a inspeção visual, marcador fluorescente, adenosina trifosfato por bioluminescência e culturas microbiológicas. Objetivos: 1. Comparar a eficiência de três técnicas de fricção de superfície para redução de matéria orgânica; 2. Avaliar a eficiência da limpeza/desinfecção concorrente de superfícies em sala operatórias; 3. Avaliar a eficiência antes/depois da limpeza/desinfecção de superfícies de sala operatória após revisão e implementação de um protocolo de L/D com ênfase em intervenções educativa e procedimental. Material e Métodos: 1. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado antes e após o processo de limpeza/desinfecção das mesas de cabeceiras da unidade de pacientes. Três técnicas de fricção em sentido unidirecional, bidirecional e centrífuga, foram realizadas individualmente em cada mesa. Para cada unidade de paciente e técnica de fricção, uma única mesa e pano umedecido com álcool a 70% (p/v) foi empregado. A matéria orgânica foi detectada pela presença de adenosina trifosfato por bioluminescência utilizando-se o sistema 3M™ Clean-Trace™ ATP Systems. 2. Estudo correlacional, prospectivo, desenvolvido no interior paulista, no mês de julho de 2014. Amostra não probabilística foi constituída pelas superfícies: mesa cirúrgica, aparelho de anestesia, mesa acessória e balcão sendo avaliadas por inspeção visual, cultura microbiológica e adenosina trifosfato por bioluminescência, na frequência de uma sala operatória por dia. 3. Semelhante ao estudo 2, porém entre os meses de julho a agosto de 2014. Conjuntamente foi realizado, pela enfermeira coordenadora do bloco cirúrgico, intervenção educativa e padronização de procedimentos. Resultados: 1. Para cada técnica, 13 amostras foram coletadas antes/após o processo de limpeza/desinfecção, totalizando 78 colheitas. Não se constatou diferença estatística entre as técnicas na remoção de matéria orgânica. Este estudo demonstrou que as três técnicas de fricção de superfície são eficazes (p<0,05). 2. Foram coletadas em 12 dias, antes e após a limpeza/desinfecção, 12 amostras por superfície, totalizando 96 amostras. A limpeza/desinfecção diminuiu de forma significativa apenas a quantificação de adenosina trifosfato e contagem microbianas do aparelho de anestesia e balcão (p<0,05). A taxa global de superfícies limpas por inspeção visual, cultura microbiológica e adenosina trifosfato foi, respectivamente, antes da limpeza e desinfecção, de 37,5%, 10,4% e 12,5% e, de 39,6%, 31,2% e 70,8% após. 3. Número de amostras semelhante ao estudo 2. A limpeza/desinfecção diminuiu, de forma significativa, todos os parâmetros de monitorização para todas as superfícies. A taxa global de superfícies limpas por inspeção visual, ATP e cultura foi, respectivamente, de 47,0%, 37,5% e 22,0% antes da limpeza e desinfecção, e de 81,2%, 89,6% e 70,1% após. Conclusões: 1. Estudos adicionais considerando outros indicadores e superfícies são necessários. 2. O protocolo de limpeza/desinfecção de superfícies de sala operatórias necessita ser reavaliado a fim de propiciar segurança ao paciente cirúrgico. 3. A elaboração e implementação do protocolo de limpeza/desinfecção da sala operatória se mostrou eficiente, pois apresentou resultados menores e significantes após a limpeza/desinfecção, considerando aos métodos de mensuração do processo de limpeza das superfícies ambientais.

<p>A variety of radiation sources exist at the Department of Radiology and the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge. Radiation sources can also be found in areas outside of these departments due to the wide use of mobile xray machines and fluoroscopic c-arm equipment and also due to the movement of patients that have received diagnostic or therapeutic doses of radionuclides.</p><p>In a proposal for a new legislation from the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI), which was later issued as legislation SSI FS 2005:6, the effective doses of the general public from a practice using ionising radiation need to be kept below stated limit of 0.1 mSv/year. This project was performed to verify the dose limit for individuals of the general public in the above mentioned practices.</p><p>Long-term measurements with TL-dosimeters were utilised to carry out the environmental monitoring of the areas throughout the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. To assess the contribution of ionising radiation from rooms housing mobile fluoroscopic c-arm equipment to surrounding areas, a tissue equivalent phantom of size (30×30×20 cm3) was employed to simulate a patient and the scattered radiation was monitored by using area monitors, such as portable proportional counters. The annual effective doses were calculated in terms of personal dose equivalent as well as ambient dose equivalent monitored using TL-dosimeters and area monitors, respectively. The stated limit of 0.1 mSv/year to the general public was verified by risk analysis.</p><p>An attempt to create a method for determining the amount of radiation shielding in terms of lead equivalence in walls, doors, protective glasses of manoeuvre rooms and cupboards of diagnostic x-ray labs was also performed using a radiation point source of 99mTc and a NaI scintillation detector. Depending on the accuracy in the measurements the amount of lead deviated slightly from the expected 2 mm value based on the former legislation SSI FS 1991:1.</p>

A variety of radiation sources exist at the Department of Radiology and the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge. Radiation sources can also be found in areas outside of these departments due to the wide use of mobile xray machines and fluoroscopic c-arm equipment and also due to the movement of patients that have received diagnostic or therapeutic doses of radionuclides. In a proposal for a new legislation from the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (SSI), which was later issued as legislation SSI FS 2005:6, the effective doses of the general public from a practice using ionising radiation need to be kept below stated limit of 0.1 mSv/year. This project was performed to verify the dose limit for individuals of the general public in the above mentioned practices. Long-term measurements with TL-dosimeters were utilised to carry out the environmental monitoring of the areas throughout the Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. To assess the contribution of ionising radiation from rooms housing mobile fluoroscopic c-arm equipment to surrounding areas, a tissue equivalent phantom of size (30×30×20 cm3) was employed to simulate a patient and the scattered radiation was monitored by using area monitors, such as portable proportional counters. The annual effective doses were calculated in terms of personal dose equivalent as well as ambient dose equivalent monitored using TL-dosimeters and area monitors, respectively. The stated limit of 0.1 mSv/year to the general public was verified by risk analysis. An attempt to create a method for determining the amount of radiation shielding in terms of lead equivalence in walls, doors, protective glasses of manoeuvre rooms and cupboards of diagnostic x-ray labs was also performed using a radiation point source of 99mTc and a NaI scintillation detector. Depending on the accuracy in the measurements the amount of lead deviated slightly from the expected 2 mm value based on the former legislation SSI FS 1991:1.

<p>Research in Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) has identified a gap - the, so called, social-technical gap - between the wide range of human social interactions that CSCW ideally should support and what current technology actually does support. At the same time recent work in cognitive science and CSCW has begun to elucidate the multifarious roles that the body plays in cognitive processes as well as many forms of social interaction, e.g. gestures, pointing, eye-contact and bodily mimicry. The aim of this dissertation has been to analyse to what degree different aspects of embodied social interaction are supported by different types of synchronous, remote location CSCW technology, and to develop recommendations for future development concerning aspects of embodiment. For this purpose, a number of crucial aspects of embodied social interaction have been identified and about twenty CSCW systems - both research prototypes and commercial systems - have been analysed with respects to how well they support these different aspects. The analysis shows that most CSCW systems only support a very limited range of aspects of embodied social interaction.</p>

The present dissertation deals with the artistic collaboration of a married couple, Charles Rennie Mackintosh and Margaret Macdonald. Living in Glasgow at the turn of the century, theeå, Swedeny concentrated their work on interior design. However, artistic collaboration has been neglected by traditional art history, with its concentration on individual creativity. For the couple in question, this has meant that the work they created together has been mainly attributed to Mackintosh, thereby relegating Mac­donald to the role of spouse and assistant, rather than co-creator. The present disser­tation presents a different picture of the couple's collaboration, challenging and revi­sing our cultural perceptions about the creative abilities of the respective sexes. A selection of interiors created by the Mackintoshes is studied in order to shed light on their collaborative efforts. The analyses embark from the perspectives of «masculine» and «feminine» in order to show how the Mackintoshes created artistic wholeness in their interiors, while at the same time opening up the spaces for a mixture of actors, i.e. making the rooms accessible to men and women alike through their designs. During this epoch, the concepts of «masculine» and «feminine» were employed as natural points of reference in an attempt to explain social and cultural phenomena scientifically. The Mackintoshes made use of the era's conventions when creating interiors in the accepted division of masculine (hallways, dining rooms, libraries) and feminine (bedrooms, salons) spaces. However, with time they began to combine these accepted gender forms in order to create something new and modern. Just as the Mackintoshes could create more powerful works of art by combining their respective artistic talents, their spaces could accrue greater significance through the combination of masculine and feminine principles. / digitalisering@umu

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1974.

"An earlier version of this study was presented as a dissertation for the degree of doctor of philosophy (at Yale University)." / Bibliography: p. 293-311. Bibliographical footnotes.

Thesis (M.H.A.)--University of Michigan, 1974.

Thesis (S.T.D.)--Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [311]-346) and index.