The proposed study has one central purpose, to determine if the Comprehensive System (CS), an empirically valid system for scoring and interpreting the Rorschach Inkblot Test, can effectively discriminate between individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and those diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Previously conducted, peer-reviewed studies since 1985 have uncovered CS variables that were statistically significant in BPD and in bipolar groups when examined separately. However, there have been relatively few such investigations, making the body of research with CS variables small in this area. It would be valuable to know whether or not the CS is a useful tool in distinguishing between these two disorders. A second goal of the current study is to uncover variables that help diagnose both bipolar disorder and BPD as separate entities. Some CS variables have not been previously studied with regard bipolar disorder or BPD. Additional research with variables known to be useful in identifying these disorders will cross-validate findings that already exist. Moreover, if the Rorschach could help classify individuals with these disorders and uncover distinct differences between them in their test results, these data would also lend support for the idea that these are indeed two different disorders, a tertiary goal of the current study. / text

This study will pursue the inquiry in an attempt to add to the weight of evidence for or against the reliability of the Rorschach Test as an indicator of intelligence. The problem may be resolved into a comparison between various scoring categories or factors of the Rorschach and I.Q.

This investigation represents an attempt to employ the Devries Suicide Prediction Scale and the Rorschach Inkblot Test in a two-stage predictive model which was designed to decrease the high false positive rate associated with the Devries and to design a way in which the Rorschach could be used efficiently in suicide prediction in a large mental hospital setting. The Rorschach was not found to significantly improve the predictive ability of the Devries. An unexpectedly high percentage of mental patients in the study, thirty-eight percent, admitted to previous suicide attempts, raising the question of whether suicidal behavior is not more common than is usually thought.

Thirty-three children from a community sample, ages 5 to 13, were administered the Rorschach Inkblot Test, along with projective Draw-an-Animal and Draw-a-Person tasks and other psychological measures. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three test order conditions: Draw-an-Animal followed by the Rorschach, Draw-a-Person followed by the Rorschach, and Rorschach before any other projective test. The number of Human and Animal contents in the test records was examined. Analysis showed no significant differences among the three groups for production of the content variables, suggesting that the Rorschach Inkblot Test is relatively robust with respect to test order effects.

The study was exploratory in nature, with 62 adult participants participating in this research. The aim of the study was to determine the level of ego impairment, if any, among a group of patients diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. The data obtained from this sample was subjected to the Rorschach-based Ego Impairment Index-2 (EII-2). An in-depth analysis of the composite variables of this index was performed, allowing a comprehensive grasp of the implications of ego impairment in everyday functioning. The study was conducted in order to ascertain the nature of the psychological dynamics at play amongst this population group. The value of using the EII-2 is seen in its ability to establish various strengths and weaknesses in areas of ego functioning that are a core component of the personality, rather than behavioural manifestations that are sporadic and subject to change. Thus the results will reflect traits that are enduring and fundamental when considering the personality. In addition, the areas of psychological functioning that were determined were linked to the current conceptualisation of Bipolar Disorder, which, at present, is primarily conceived of as a biological disorder. The results of the EII-2 yielded from this sample indicated an overall moderate ego impairment falling within the moderate range, indicating that for this population, an impairment of ego was evident. Particularly, the domains of reality testing, cognitive functioning and object relatedness seemed to be most impaired. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Psychology / Unrestricted

研究目的：本研究釐清不同成人依戀風格在羅夏克墨漬測驗上的表現，並檢證Fonagy的精神分析理論，進而反思臨床心理學上的應用。 研究程序：研究期間，共招募到302位大學部學生填寫《親密關係經驗量表—關係結構版》。而後，根據量表信、效度分析後，篩選出高焦慮依戀分數、高逃避依戀分數及兩分數均低之控制組各25人，邀請其參與羅夏克墨漬測驗。最終收取焦慮依戀組12人、逃避依戀組12人、安全依戀控制組15人進行資料分析。 研究結果：認知及投入向度方面，焦慮依戀者與逃避依戀者在F%顯著高於安全依戀者；同時，焦慮依戀者在Complexity、Sy、Blend、M及MC 表現亦差於安全依戀者，答題使用範圍則顯示Dd%較高、W%較低。情緒指標方面，焦慮依戀者在V變數上顯著高於其他兩組。人際互動方面，焦慮依戀者的SumH及H顯著低於安全依戀者。 研究貢獻：本研究初步支持Fonagy精神分析論於不安全依戀者的認知與心智化、情緒控制與人際表徵分化等證據。此一結果亦可增加臨床實務中對不安全依戀者的衡鑑遞增效度，並探究其背後的心理病理機制。 / Objective: When attachment comes to assessment, many clinicians would utilize self-report inventories to gather information. However, different attachment styles, in fact, represent diverse behavior patterns; thus, using instruments adopting multi-rating techniques such as the Rorschach would be ideal. Based on Fonagy’s psychodynamic theory and past Rorschach results, we predict participants with different attachment styles will have different pattern in Rorschach task. Methods: We conducted a double-blind research design and recruited 302 volunteers. All participants were required to fill out the Experiences in Close Relationship - Relationship Structure inventory, a measurement used to classify the adult attachment styles. The top 7% of highest scoring participants on the Anxiety Dimension were assigned to the Anxiety Group(ANG), and the same strategy was applied to those in the Avoidance Group(AVG). The Control Group(CG) consisted of 7% of the randomly-selected individuals who scored below the means of both Anxiety and Avoidance Dimensions. Participants in these three groups were invited and encouraged to take the Rorschach test according to the R-PAS. Results: Current research collected 39 participants Rorschach protocols (n = 12 for both the ANG and ACG; n = 15 for the CG). Results shows that both ANG and AVG have higher F% then CG, and ANG have lower Complexity, Sy, Blend, M, W%, MC, SumH and H then CG. ANG have higher V then AVG and CG. Conclusion: Current results partially supported Fonagy’s psychodynamic theory. Results also support using multi-rating tasks to increase assessment validity when evaluating different attachment styles in clinical settings.

This paper uses a psychoanalytical framework to analyze women's mourning with regard to procreation and sterility. The psychodynamic factors related to this topic are described and illustrated with the presentation of a clinical case. This case was assessed with interviews and the Rorschach Inkblot Test according to the French system (de Tychey, 1994). The analysis of the data allows the discussion of the theoretical concepts and addresses the importance of the variety of conflicts that interfere with the desire of procreating. The findings are also discussed from an ethical point of view regarding the role that the clinician plays when he has to face these types of severe cases. / Se investiga sobre el trabajo en duelo de la procreación y en la esterilidad femenina dentro de un marco referencial psicoanalítico. Se describen desde el punto de vista teórico los factores psicodinámicos y se ejemplifica través de la presentación de un caso clínico evaluado con entrevistas y el test de Rorschach siguiendo el sistema francés (de Tychey 1994 ). Los resultados permiten discutir los conceptos teóricos y plantear la importancia de la variedad de conflictos que interfieren en el deseo de procrear. Se discuten los hallazgos desde un punto de vista ético en relación con la función del clínico para ayudar al cliente a enfrentar su severa problemática.

殺人犯罪是所有犯罪類型中嚴重性被評為最高的罪行,也最令社會大眾與媒體關切.國內對殺人犯罪的研究仍少,而且主要是以問卷的形式進行.為了對此一現象做另一種方式的初步探討,研究者以台中監獄中刑期十年以上與無期徒刑的殺人犯為對象,研究中以「失抑量表」、「社會化量表」與「社會病態量表」來瞭解殺人犯的心理病態（psychopathy）的程度,並根據其在「失抑量表」得分的高低而分為組一與組二兩組.Rorschach墨漬測驗則用來探討他們的客體關係（object relations）能力的差異,同時也呈現出兩組在Exner系統中描述性變項上的統計結果.研究者除了採用Blatt等人的量表來對受刑人的Rorschach protocol進行計分外,並根據客體關係理論,結合Blatt與Urist的量表而發展出一套新的客體關係量表. 研究結果支持殺人犯可以依其心理病態的程度做進一步的區分,而且不同的心理病態程度可以對應到不同的客體關係能力.最後,研究中分析了新量表的有效性. 第一章 緒論-第1頁 第一節 研究背景-第1頁 第二節 反社會行為的異質性-第3頁 第三節 心理病態的生理、心理與行為特徵-第11頁 第二章 本研究的相關理論、研究與研究目的-第21頁 第一節 Kernberg的客體關係理論-第21頁 第二節 Rorschach測驗的本質-第28頁 第三節 Human Contents與客體關係-第32頁 第四節 M反應與客體關係-第33頁 第五節 客體關係理論的研究取向與批評-第38頁 第六節 研究工具的編製與研究目的-第48頁 第三章 研究方法-第56頁 第一節 受試、工具與程序-第56頁 第二節 資料分析-第60頁 第四章 結果-第66頁 第五章 討論-第80頁 附註-第83頁 參考文獻-第85頁 Notes-第97頁 附錄一 相互自主性量表-第98頁 附錄二 Rorschach互動量表-第100頁 附錄三 客體概念的發展分析-第101頁 附錄四 失抑量表、社會化量表與社會病態量表-第112頁 附錄五 信度計分表一-第115頁 附錄六 信度計分表二-第116頁 附錄七 信度計分表三-第117頁 / The seriousness of criminal homicide is evaluated as the highest among all crimes, and receives the most concern from the public and mass media. There is still few researches on criminal homicide in Taiwan, and the major study tools are questionnaires. In order to investigate this phenomenon from a different perspective, the researcher selected the homicides in Taichung prison who get a 10-year sentence or life sentence as his subjects. In this study, "Disinhibition Scale", "Socialization Scale", and "Sociopathy Scale" were applied to understand the psychopathy level of the homicides, and subjects are divided into two groups according to their scores on the "Disinhibition Scale". Rorschach inkblot test was selected to investigate their different capacity for object relations, meanwhile presented the descriptive statistics of Exner's Comprehensive System for both groups. Besides scoring subjects' Rorschach protocols on the scale developed by Blatt et al., the researcher intergrated Blatt's and Urist's scales on the basis of object relations theory into a new object relations scale. The results of this stydy provide suppport for the hypotheses that homicides can be differentiated from each other on the basis of their psychopathy level, and different levels of psychopathy reflect different capacity for object relations. Finally, the utility of the new scale is analyzed and discussed.

The experience of complex childhood trauma produces a ripple-effect that psychologically impacts trauma survivors’ functioning in multiple areas. The aim of the current study was to investigate and describe the interplay between complex trauma, subsequent personality development and later psychopathology by means of the multiple case study method of six female psychiatric patients attending treatment at a tertiary psychiatric hospital within Gauteng, South Africa. This was accomplished by assessing and qualitatively analysing the results of a carefully selected battery of personality and other psychometric assessments presented to study participants. The results indicated that the experience of complex childhood trauma impacted the study participants’ personality in predictable ways, which further influenced the psychopathology they displayed as psychiatric patients. These findings aid in describing the psychological impact of complex trauma on the research participants, and also offers support for reconnecting past traumas to the current psychopathologies of psychiatric patients. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)