Tentar entender porque algumas empresas têm melhor desempenho que outras é uma questão que pode auxiliar na compreensão do potencial existente em determinado setor. Um importante arcabouço teórico da estratégia que subsidia condições para este tipo de análise é a Teoria Baseada em Recursos ou da Visão Baseada em Recursos - VBR. Ela propõe o entendimento dos fatores-chave de sucesso que levam as organizações a adquirir vantagens competitivas pelo conjunto de habilidades e rotinas essenciais e pela coerência entre habilidades e know-how de propriedade única. Nesse contexto o objetivo da pesquisa foi de levantar e analisar, a partir da teoria da Visão Baseada em Recursos, quais são os recursos estratégicos e a sua influência no desempenho das propriedades rurais no setor leiteiro. Para alcançar esse objetivo foi realizada uma etapa de entrevista com especialistas no setor leiteiro no Brasil e na França onde foram levantados os recursos considerados estratégicos pelos especialistas e discutidas informações importantes sobre medidas de desempenho em propriedades leiteiras. Posteriormente foram realizadas entrevistas com 199 produtores de leite na bacia leiteira do estado de Pernambuco. A partir desses dados foram realizadas as análises: Fatorial, de Cluster e Regressão Múltipla. Observou-se que no caso das propriedades produtoras de leite os recursos mais importantes foram os Recursos Organizacionais, Humanos e Físicos, respectivamente. Esse resultado difere das empresas urbano industriais ao invés do destaque nos recursos físicos é observado o recurso tecnológico. O destaque fica com os Recursos Organizacionais e Humanos que além de muito relacionados são destaque no sucesso dos empreendimentos agropecuários de produção leiteira. Os indicadores mais importantes foram os indicadores de gestão do rebanho, gestão de custos, produtividade dos animais, produtividade da terra, formação, abertura a novidades (via treinamentos e viagens), mostrando fazer a diferença entre os grupos com melhor rendimento e os com pior. Contudo, um elemento considerado essencial: a reserva alimentar se relacionou negativamente com a renda, provavelmente porque a reserva é mal planejada e insuficiente para dar conta dos períodos de estiagem, bem como pode gerar certa acomodação por parte dos produtores em não investir em outros aspectos alimentares que garantam os ganhos em todos os períodos, inclusive os de estiagem. Desta forma os resultados elucidam aspectos interessantes e emergem novas proposições de pesquisa com diferentes níveis de aprofundamento para o entendimento dessas questões mais qualitativas e possível investigação em diferentes cadeias produtivas. / In trying to understand why some companies have better performance than others is a question that can help understand the potential existing in a given sector. An important theoretical framework of the strategy subsidizing conditions for this kind of analysis is the Resource-Based Theory or Resource-Based View – RBV. It proposes the understanding of success key-factors that lead organizations to gain competitive advantages by the set of skills, essential routines and consistency between skills and individual know-how. The aim of this study was to search and analyze, from the Resource-Based View theory, the strategic resources and their influence on the performance of farms in the dairy sector. In order to reach this goal, were carried out interviews with experts of the dairy sector in Brazil and France in which the resources considered strategic by the experts were surveyed and important situations on performance evaluation in dairy properties were discussed. Then, interviews with 199 milk producers in the dairy region of Pernambuco state were conducted. From these data, the Factorial, Cluster and Multiple Regression Analyses were done. It was observed that, in the case of dairy properties, the organizational, human and physical resources, respectively, were the most important ones. This result differs from the urban industrial companies; instead of highlighting the physical resources, the technological are considered. The organizational and human resources are highlighted, which, besides being related, are important for the success of farming enterprises of milk production. The herd and cost management, animals and land productivity, training and opening to new aspects (via training and travel) were the most important indicators, showing that they make the difference between the groups with the best and the worst performance. However, an essential element, the food reserve, was negatively correlated with income, probably because the reserve is poorly planned and insufficient to account for the periods of droughts, as well as it can generate some accommodation of farmers in not investing in other food aspects which may ensure gains in all periods, including drought. Thus, the results elucidate interesting aspects, giving rise to new research proposals with different levels of depth for the understanding of those more qualitative questions and a possible investigation in different production chains.

Tentar entender porque algumas empresas têm melhor desempenho que outras é uma questão que pode auxiliar na compreensão do potencial existente em determinado setor. Um importante arcabouço teórico da estratégia que subsidia condições para este tipo de análise é a Teoria Baseada em Recursos ou da Visão Baseada em Recursos - VBR. Ela propõe o entendimento dos fatores-chave de sucesso que levam as organizações a adquirir vantagens competitivas pelo conjunto de habilidades e rotinas essenciais e pela coerência entre habilidades e know-how de propriedade única. Nesse contexto o objetivo da pesquisa foi de levantar e analisar, a partir da teoria da Visão Baseada em Recursos, quais são os recursos estratégicos e a sua influência no desempenho das propriedades rurais no setor leiteiro. Para alcançar esse objetivo foi realizada uma etapa de entrevista com especialistas no setor leiteiro no Brasil e na França onde foram levantados os recursos considerados estratégicos pelos especialistas e discutidas informações importantes sobre medidas de desempenho em propriedades leiteiras. Posteriormente foram realizadas entrevistas com 199 produtores de leite na bacia leiteira do estado de Pernambuco. A partir desses dados foram realizadas as análises: Fatorial, de Cluster e Regressão Múltipla. Observou-se que no caso das propriedades produtoras de leite os recursos mais importantes foram os Recursos Organizacionais, Humanos e Físicos, respectivamente. Esse resultado difere das empresas urbano industriais ao invés do destaque nos recursos físicos é observado o recurso tecnológico. O destaque fica com os Recursos Organizacionais e Humanos que além de muito relacionados são destaque no sucesso dos empreendimentos agropecuários de produção leiteira. Os indicadores mais importantes foram os indicadores de gestão do rebanho, gestão de custos, produtividade dos animais, produtividade da terra, formação, abertura a novidades (via treinamentos e viagens), mostrando fazer a diferença entre os grupos com melhor rendimento e os com pior. Contudo, um elemento considerado essencial: a reserva alimentar se relacionou negativamente com a renda, provavelmente porque a reserva é mal planejada e insuficiente para dar conta dos períodos de estiagem, bem como pode gerar certa acomodação por parte dos produtores em não investir em outros aspectos alimentares que garantam os ganhos em todos os períodos, inclusive os de estiagem. Desta forma os resultados elucidam aspectos interessantes e emergem novas proposições de pesquisa com diferentes níveis de aprofundamento para o entendimento dessas questões mais qualitativas e possível investigação em diferentes cadeias produtivas. / In trying to understand why some companies have better performance than others is a question that can help understand the potential existing in a given sector. An important theoretical framework of the strategy subsidizing conditions for this kind of analysis is the Resource-Based Theory or Resource-Based View – RBV. It proposes the understanding of success key-factors that lead organizations to gain competitive advantages by the set of skills, essential routines and consistency between skills and individual know-how. The aim of this study was to search and analyze, from the Resource-Based View theory, the strategic resources and their influence on the performance of farms in the dairy sector. In order to reach this goal, were carried out interviews with experts of the dairy sector in Brazil and France in which the resources considered strategic by the experts were surveyed and important situations on performance evaluation in dairy properties were discussed. Then, interviews with 199 milk producers in the dairy region of Pernambuco state were conducted. From these data, the Factorial, Cluster and Multiple Regression Analyses were done. It was observed that, in the case of dairy properties, the organizational, human and physical resources, respectively, were the most important ones. This result differs from the urban industrial companies; instead of highlighting the physical resources, the technological are considered. The organizational and human resources are highlighted, which, besides being related, are important for the success of farming enterprises of milk production. The herd and cost management, animals and land productivity, training and opening to new aspects (via training and travel) were the most important indicators, showing that they make the difference between the groups with the best and the worst performance. However, an essential element, the food reserve, was negatively correlated with income, probably because the reserve is poorly planned and insufficient to account for the periods of droughts, as well as it can generate some accommodation of farmers in not investing in other food aspects which may ensure gains in all periods, including drought. Thus, the results elucidate interesting aspects, giving rise to new research proposals with different levels of depth for the understanding of those more qualitative questions and a possible investigation in different production chains.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-05-20T15:42:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Conceicao de Cassia Pereira Albuquerque.pdf: 1151183 bytes, checksum: 641a8d5b5acb67a669e4b00740793beb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T15:42:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Conceicao de Cassia Pereira Albuquerque.pdf: 1151183 bytes, checksum: 641a8d5b5acb67a669e4b00740793beb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-20 / Competition, innovation, speed, focus on customer needs and great movements for quality and productivity are the imperatives of globalization in modern society, people being the largest competitive advantage, responsible for the maintenance and preservation of organizational results. If organizations need to be competitive to survive, so they need teams prepared and competent, making this differential is able to meet the global change. The aim of this study is to evaluate, by applying a formal tool for Performance Assessment Competence, Performance Managers of a fruit company, Vale do Sao Francisco, distributed Levels (Strategic and Tactical) and its influence on management Organizational. To achieve this purpose were established the following specific objectives, a) Undertake a survey of the personal profile of managers, taking into account gender, age, marital status, academic background, course and length of service and b) Assess the level of collective performance of current managers in relation to Management Skills (technical and behavioral), deliveries and contributions to strengthening the business. To accomplish this work, we used field research exploratory-descriptive. The population used in the study were 20 managers of the company managing the business. Data collection instruments were used: meeting with the directors, direct structured interviews, archival research through the description of the roles, powers through the selection of the Inventory of Skills and implementing ADC - Performance Assessment of Skills. The data were processed through scales, percentage, frequency and coefficients of performance built by (LEME, 2006). The findings after the application of the Performance Assessment of Skills, the real contribution of managers to the company,represented by the results of the CDC - Coefficient of Performance of the Employee, which was 43%. The difference to be developed in managers or Gap was 57%, with a big difference to be developed, as expected by the company that was 100%, noting that managers do not fully meet the strategic and organizational perspectives. / Competição, inovação, velocidade, foco nas necessidades dos clientes e grandes movimentos por qualidade e produtividade são os imperativos da globalização na sociedade moderna, sendo as pessoas a maior vantagem competitiva, responsáveis pela manutenção e conservação dos resultados organizacionais. Se as organizações necessitam de competitividade para sobreviver, então necessitam de equipes preparadas e competentes, tornando-se este o diferencial capaz de atender à mudança global. O objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar, através da aplicação de uma ferramenta formal de Avaliação de Desempenho por Competência, o Desempenho dos Gestores de uma empresa de fruticultura, do Vale do São Francisco, distribuídos nos Níveis (Estratégico e Tático) e sua influência na Gestão Organizacional. Para alcançar este propósito foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos específicos, a) Realizar o levantamento do perfil pessoal dos Gestores, levando em consideração: gênero, faixa etária, estado civil, formação acadêmica, curso e tempo de empresa e b) Avaliar o nível de desempenho coletivo dos atuais Gestores em relação às Competências Gerenciais (técnica e comportamental), suas entregas e contribuições para o fortalecimento do negócio. Para a concretização desse trabalho, utilizou-se a pesquisa de campo exploratória-descritiva. A população usada na pesquisa foram os 20 gerentes da empresa responsáveis pela gestão do negócio. Na coleta dos dados foram utilizados os instrumentos: reunião com os diretores, entrevista direta estruturada, pesquisa documental através do descritivo dos cargos, seleção das competências através do Inventário de Competências e aplicação da ADC – Avaliação de Desempenho por Competências. Os dados foram tratados através de escalas, percentagem, freqüência e coeficientes de desempenho construídos por (LEME, 2006). Nas constatações, após a aplicação da Avaliação de Desempenho por Competências, a real contribuição dos Gestores para a empresa, representada pelo resultado do CDC - Coeficiente de Desempenho do Colaborador, foi de 43%. A diferença a ser desenvolvida nos gestores ou Gap foi de 57%, sendo uma diferença grande a ser desenvolvida, uma vez que o esperado pela empresa que era de 100%, constatando que os gestores não atenderam plenamente às perspectivas estratégicas e organizacionais.

Most of Indiana corn and soybeans are placed into storage at harvest time to be delivered to market at a later date. Indiana farmers have many options regarding how and when to sell this grain. The present research addresses the issue of how to maximize the expected net returns to storage. The three central questions are: (i) which crop produces better returns? (ii) should the grain be stored unpriced or hedged using futures? and (iii) how long should grain be stored? Expected net returns for corn were maximized by storing unpriced until spring. However, unpriced corn storage provided positive returns less frequently than storage hedging. Unpriced soybean storage was better on average, and also produced positive returns more frequently than storage hedging. Returns were higher for soybeans than corn.

This dissertation contains three essays on Urban Economics. The first two chapters study the impact of land-use regulation on economic development. Many countries have land-use regulations to preserve farmland from urban land expansion. In Chapter 1 and 2, I show that such regulations can distort economic activity across sectors and locations at a substantial cost to aggregate welfare in developing countries during urbanization. Specifically, I study a major policy restricting farm-to-urban land conversion in China - the Farmland Red Line Policy - to provide causal evidence on the impact of land-use regulation on local development measured by GDP and population growth. The policy imposes a barrier to urban land development, the strength of which depends on exogenous local geographical features. In Chapter 1, I show that a greater barrier significantly reduces urban land supply, lowers GDP, and decreases population. Findings in Chapter 1 raises the question about the aggregate impact of the Farmland Red Line Policy. Therefore, in the second chapter, I develop a quantitative spatial equilibrium model that features endogenous land-use decisions in order to understand the aggregate impact of the policy. According to the model, the policy causes an excess supply of farmland and an under-supply of urban land, and the extent of such land misallocation varies across locations due to their local geographical features. In the constrained equilibrium, the spatial and sectoral mobility of workers implies that land misallocation leads to labor misallocation. The calibrated model reveals that the welfare of workers would have been 6% higher in 2010 if the policy had not been implemented. Moreover, a cap-and-trade system that achieved the same aggregate level of farmland would have been far less costly in terms of welfare. The results suggest that fast-growing economies in developing countries need to design land-use policies carefully, as the welfare costs of poorly designed policies can be substantial. In Chapter 3, I test the impact of team size on one's publication output among US university economists from 1996 to 2011. I construct a database of affiliation and publication history for all US university economists using the publication information from the Scopus Database. University funding revenue from government appropriation and private gifts is used as an instrument for the total number of economists at a university. I find that a 10% increase in team size raises one's publication on top 5 economic journals by 30%. Moreover, the team size effect disappears once crossing the affiliation border: having more economists in a nearby affiliation does not affect one's output. Finally, increasing chances to coauthor with colleagues when being part of a larger team helps explain the team size effect.

<p> </p> <p>This paper examines the relationship between the Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) participation and technology adoption patterns, using farm-level data from the</p> <p>United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS). Participation in the federally subsidized crop insurance program may be correlated with technology adoption and other various risk management practices. Existing studies indicate that the subsidized FCIP may disincentivize producers from utilizing technology as a risk management tool. Empirical results indicate that producers enrolled in federal crop insurance programs may be more likely to have adopted PATs earlier than producers who were not enrolled in the FCIP. This could indicate that producers may not view the FCIP as a substitute for other risk management options, or that these producers may not view these technologies in the same risk-reducing lens as they may view the FCIP.</p>

<p>This study uses the Large Commercial Producer Survey distributed by Purdue University in 2021. It was analyzed using a Marginal Probability Effects Probit Model to evaluate driving factors behind relational contracts and loyalty in agricultural capital equipment.</p>

<p>  </p> <p>While many studies have evaluated corn and soybean marketing strategies and crop insurance coverage levels separately, few studies have examined their interactions simultaneously.  This study evaluated the risk return tradeoff between marketing and crop insurance strategies in a portfolio context.  The Target MOTAD model was the primary method used to explore the tradeoffs between expected returns and downside risk.  On average, the hedge and roll strategy had the highest net return over the 30-year period for both corn and soybeans.  When corn and soybeans were evaluated separately, results indicated that the optimal combination of marketing strategies was not dependent on crop insurance coverage levels.  The strategies contributing to an optimal portfolio for corn were a mixture of the hedge and roll strategy, and the marketing year cash price strategy.  Combining the hedge and roll strategy with the marketing year cash price strategy was also optimal for soybeans.  When corn and soybean strategies were optimized simultaneously, however, optimal marketing strategies were dependent on the crop insurance coverage level chosen.  The optimal marketing strategies to mitigate risk for the 75 and 80 percent revenue protection plan included the corn hedge and roll strategy, the soybean marketing year cash price strategy, and the soybean six-month cash price strategy.  For the 85 percent revenue protection plan, the optimal marketing strategies were the corn hedge and roll strategy, soybean marketing year cash price strategy, and the soybean hedge and roll strategy. For the 90 and 95 percent supplemental coverage option (SCO) and enhanced coverage option (ECO) plans, the optimal marketing strategies were the corn marketing year cash price, the corn hedge and roll, and the soybean six-month cash price strategy. </p>

<p>For agricultural soils to be perpetually productive, farmers must maintain and improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. The loss of soil to erosion is a major challenge to soil health, contributing to farmland loss and declines in productivity. This is a long-term problem for agriculture because there is a limited amount of topsoil available. Another costly loss happens when<em> residual nitrogen is lost to leaching or carried away in runoff. This is a particular problem in the fall and winter months when fields lie fallow, and there are no plants to take up excess nitrogen. Losing nitrogen is a problem for both the nutrient content of the soil as well as a serious concern in terms of water contamination.</em><em> </em>Cover crops provide a way to at least partially address each of these and many other agronomic and soil health issues. Although there has been a steady increase in cover crop use, adoption has been relatively slow. This is likely due to a lack of economic information and understanding of the associated risk. To address this problem, field level data was gathered from farmers across central and northeastern Indiana. The data included information on cash crop yield, cover crops grown, fertilizer use, among many other variables. The sample was trimmed based on the estimated propensity to cover crop, in order to reduce selection bias. Using this data, the effect of cover crops on the mean and variation of the subsequent cash crop yield was estimated using regression analysis. This information was combined in a stochastic analysis of a farm enterprise budget. The effects of cover crops on farm finance and risk were evaluated. These final analyses provide agricultural producers with more information to make informed decisions regarding the adoption of cover crops. The information may also provide insight to policy makers, who may wish to understand more completely the private economics of cover crops. The results indicated that cover crops have the ability to provide economic benefits when grown prior to corn in our study region. These include increased yield, reduced need for nitrogen fertilizer, and increased temporal yield stability. These benefits translate into higher revenue from the sale of the grain, lower input costs, and lower risk and uncertainty. However, the results for soybeans showed cover crops had a negative, albeit statistically insignificant, effect on desirable measures. This led to lower projected revenue, higher projected costs, and increased expected risk. Even so, the average corn-soybean contribution margin with cover crops was nearly equal to the baseline scenario. Furthermore, the analysis of risk showed that the corn-soybean two-year average would be preferred by farmers with moderate to high risk aversion. The difference between the effect of cover crops in corn and soybeans may be due to differences in the crop’s inherent nitrogen needs and the difficulty of cover crop establishment after corn in the region.<br></p>

As ações conjuntas vêm sendo adotadas por vários segmentos produtivos visando desempenho e competitividade dos empreendimentos para garantir a presença em mercados mundiais. O agronegócio tem importância no processo de desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil como um todo e do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul pela sua capacidade de geração de riquezas, criação de empregos, transferência e circulação de renda, desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, pesquisas e desenvolvimento da ciência em geral. Estudos também avaliam o potencial das parcerias rurais, enfocando cinco capitais como categorias de ativos que interferem na formação de parcerias, pois é de grande importância a compreensão dos produtores rurais sobre a estreita relação entre a expansão dos bens de capital e a capacitação organizacional. O problema verificado na presente pesquisa refere-se ao processo de formação de estratégias conjuntas no processo de criação de ovinos em escala local, originando a questão-problema que conduziu a pesquisa: Quais os principais fatores de produção (capitais) que contribuem e que limitam o processo de formação de estratégias conjuntas visando à ampliação da capacidade de produção e a competitividade? O estudo teve por objetivo analisar estes fatores. Para isso, foi utilizado o método de investigação de natureza qualitativa e descritiva, a fim de apreender as características do fenômeno e projetar possíveis melhorias no processo proporcionando uma nova visão do problema. A investigação teve início a partir da literatura originária dos diversos autores com estudos relacionados à formação de estratégias conjuntas. Foram definidas categorias de análise baseadas na avaliação de fatores de produção, denominados de capitais humano, financeiro, natural, social e físico. A região selecionada para o desenvolvimento do estudo abrange as cidades de Santa Maria, São Pedro do Sul, Dilermando de Aguiar e São Martinho da Serra, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com uma população-alvo constituída de produtores de pequeno porte na produção de ovinos de lã e de corte. Foram aplicadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas como instrumento de coleta de dados. Os resultados encontrados evidenciaram que os produtores apresentam potencial capacidade de desenvolver estratégias conjuntas, com estrutura suficiente para obter eficiência, sendo os fatores de convivência, os quais estão relacionados ao capital social, considerados como os indutores do processo. O estudo evidenciou ainda falta de entendimento e compreensão dos pesquisados com as questões relativas às preocupações ambientais. / Joint actions are being taken by many productive segments targeting performance and competitiveness of projects to ensure its presence in world markets. Agribusiness has importance economic development process in Brazil\'s as a whole and the State of Rio Grande do Sul for its ability to generate wealth, create jobs, transference and circulation of income, development of new technologies, research and development of science in general. Studies also evaluate the potential of rural partners, focusing on five capitals as asset categories that interfere in the formation of partners, it is very important to understand the rural farmers about the close relationship between the expansion of capital assets and organizational skills. The problem encountered in this study refers to the formation of joint strategies in the process of sheep farming on a local scale causing the problem-question who led the research : What are the main factors of production (capital) which contribute and which limit the process of formation of joint strategies aimed at expanding of production capacity and competitiveness? The study aimed to analyze these factors. For this, we used the method of investigation of qualitative and descriptive in nature, a view to apprehend the characteristics of the phenomenon and projecting possible improvements in the process by providing a new view of the problem. The investigation began from the literature of the different authors with studies associated to the formation of joint strategies . were defined categories of analysis based on the evaluation of factors of production, called human capital, financial, natural, social and physical . The region selected for the development of the study includes the cities of Santa Maria, São Pedro do Sul, Dilermando de Aguiar and São Martinho da Serra in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, with a target population consists of small producers in the production of sheep wool and cutting. Semi-structured interviews were applied as a tool for data collection. The findings results indicated that producers have the potential capacity to develop joint strategies, with structure large enough to achieve efficiency, and the cohabitation factors, which are related to the social capital, considered as inducers of process. The study also revealed a lack of understanding and comprehension of respondents with issues related to environmental concerns.