The elastic properties of a solid are of considerable interest to both science and technology. Not only do they contain fundamental information about the nature of the inter-atomic bonding in the material, but they also determine the mechanical behavior of solids. In the past few years, considerable effort has been devoted to the study of elastic properties of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), a relatively new class of metallic materials that display a unique combination of mechanical and physical properties. Our research has focused on Zr-based, Cu-based and Ca-based metallic glasses. Zr-based BMGs are known to have superior glass forming ability and high strength, but their ductility is too low for wide-spread practical applications. Cu-based BMGs recently received wide interest because of their low cost and good mechanical properties. Ca-based BMGs have low glass transition temperature Tg, around 390 K, which make them very attractive to be studied near Tg. In this work, resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) has been applied to study the elastic properties of above mentioned BMGs from 5 K to their glass transition temperature Tg. RUS is a novel technique for determining the elastic moduli of solids, based on the measurement of the resonances of a freely vibrating body. In an RUS experiment, the mechanical resonances of a freely vibrating solid of known shape are measured, and an iteration procedure is used to “match” the measured lines with the calculated spectrum. This allows determination of all elastic constant of the solid from a single frequency scan. Below Tg, the elastic constants of the BMGs under investigation show “normal” behavior, i.e. with increasing temperature, all moduli decrease and Poisson ratio increases. Above Tg changes in the trends occur due to structural relaxation and crystallization. We confirmed the suggested link between ductility and Poisson ratio: BMGs showing good ductility display high Poisson ratio. By increasing palladium content in Zr50Cu40-xAl10Pdx alloys, BMGs with high Poisson ratio and thus good ductility have been obtained. In addition, we developed a simple model to provide fast and good estimate of the temperature dependence of elastic constants of BMGs from room temperature measurements. Keywords: Elastic properties; Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs); Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS); Internal friction.

The elastic properties of novel transition metal oxides have been investigated, using a powerful technique known as Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS). Two sets of transition metal oxides have been studied. One is the ruthenate Ca2-xSrxRuO4 series with a layered perovskite structure, a Mott transition system that connects the Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 with the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4. The other set contains geometrically frustrated materials, including vanadium spinels AV2O4 (A = Zn, Mn and Fe) and titanate pyrochlores A2Ti2O7 (A= Y, Tb, Yb, Ho and Dy). The elastic response of five Ca2-xSrxRuO4 single crystals (x = 2.0, 1.9, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.2) has been measured. For 2.0 ≥ x ≥ 0.5, a dramatic softening over a wide temperature range is observed upon cooling, caused by the rotational instability of RuO6 octahedra (for x = 2.0 and 1.9) or the static rotation of the octahedra (for x = 0.5). For the Ca-rich samples (x = 0.3 and 0.2), the softening occurs in a very narrow temperature range, corresponding to the structural phase transition from high-temperature-tetragonal to low-temperature-orthorhombic symmetry. Elastic softening in ZnV2O4 is observed near the cubic-to-tetragonal structural phase transition at 50 K. The elastic response of MnV2O4 is quite unusual, displaying a softening over a wide temperature range with decreasing temperature. Upon cooling, C’ of FeV2O4 becomes so soft that it drops to almost zero around 140 K, where the cubic-to-tetragonal structural transition occurs. For Y2Ti2O7, all three elastic constants show normal “Varshni” behavior. For spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7, all three elastic constants show a pronounced softening below 50 K, indicative of a possible Jahn-Teller, cubic-to-tetragonal transition at very low temperatures. It is also found that the application of a magnetic field suppresses the elastic softening in this compound. Another spin liquid Yb2Ti2O7 shows no elastic softening. The elastic moduli of the spin-ice compounds, Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7, show a broad “dip” around 100 K, which is believed to be caused by the strong crystal field effect in those two compounds.

Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 are novel rare earth compounds with little prior research. These compounds show high and variable curie temperatures for rare-earth compounds. This has lead to a literature review which includes the discussion of: elasticity, resonance, and magnetism. This review is used to discuss the theory and methodology which can relate these various properties to each other. Furthermore, synthesis, x-ray analysis, and RUS sample preparation of Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 were completed. Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) elastic studies were taken for Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 as a function temperature from 5-300K, in various magnetic fields ranging from 0-9T. Tb6FeSb2’s and Tb6FeBi2’s elastic moduli are related to their magnetic properties. Magnetization data, primarily M v. H, provides another measure the magnetic properties are used to help correlate the data to elasticity. Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 Curie temperatures are 253(3)K and 246(5)K respectively. The low temperature magnetic transition of Tb6FeSb2 is 65-90K and Tb6FeBi2 is 55-75K. RUS suggests that this low temperature transition is somehow related to a structural transition but this transition does not occur in these two compounds. Co-substitution of Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 seem to greatly affect this lower temperature transition in RUS. It does not greatly effect the curie temperature. Low temperature XRD shows that Co-substitution also creates a structural transition in this family of compounds.

Målet med studien er å få en bredere kunnskap om hvordan industrikulturen har påvirket forekomsten av rusmisbruk i industristedet Odda i et historisk perspektiv. Vi ønsker også å se på hvordan rusmiddelavhengige har det i Odda i dag, og hvordan de opplever tjenestene som blir gitt. Datainnsamlingen ble gjort gjennom intervjuer med akan kontakt/ tillitsvalgt ved bedriftene, samt en brukerundersøkelse i form av spørreskjema blant brukerne av tjenestetilbudet. I intervjusituasjonen hadde vi fokus på drikkekulturen i industribedriftene i et historisk perspektiv. Spørreundersøkelsen blant brukergruppen hadde fokus på barndom og oppvekst, samt hvilke tjenester de benytter i dag og hvordan de opplever disse. Hovedfunnet i studien er at industrisamfunnet Odda har hatt en svært liberal holdning til alkoholbruk, og at skiftarbeid har vært med på å skape en kultur som gjør at det i større grad er akseptabelt å nytte alkohol enten det var tradisjonell hverdag eller helg. Når det gjelder tjenestetilbudet i dag ser vi at brukerne i stor grad er fornøyd med tjenestetilbudet, men savner flere arbeidsaktivitetstilbud.

Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 are novel rare earth compounds with little prior research. These compounds show high and variable curie temperatures for rare-earth compounds. This has lead to a literature review which includes the discussion of: elasticity, resonance, and magnetism. This review is used to discuss the theory and methodology which can relate these various properties to each other. Furthermore, synthesis, x-ray analysis, and RUS sample preparation of Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 were completed. Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS) elastic studies were taken for Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 as a function temperature from 5-300K, in various magnetic fields ranging from 0-9T. Tb6FeSb2’s and Tb6FeBi2’s elastic moduli are related to their magnetic properties. Magnetization data, primarily M v. H, provides another measure the magnetic properties are used to help correlate the data to elasticity. Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 Curie temperatures are 253(3)K and 246(5)K respectively. The low temperature magnetic transition of Tb6FeSb2 is 65-90K and Tb6FeBi2 is 55-75K. RUS suggests that this low temperature transition is somehow related to a structural transition but this transition does not occur in these two compounds. Co-substitution of Tb6FeSb2 and Tb6FeBi2 seem to greatly affect this lower temperature transition in RUS. It does not greatly effect the curie temperature. Low temperature XRD shows that Co-substitution also creates a structural transition in this family of compounds.

This essay takes its start in the problematic situation concerning source material in the study of the Norse religion before the Christianization of Scandinavia. There is a lack of written sources from the time when the religion was still practiced. There are plenty of archeological sources economic situation than their religious beliefs. The Icelandic stories written in the 13th and 14th centuries give us a broad pictureof the Norse mythology, but the writers were Christians which makes their reliability questionable. The focus of this essay is therefore on two texts written during the time when the Norse religion was still in practice. The first source is the travel notes written in 922 by the Muslim scholar Ahmad ibn Fadlan who met a group of the Rus’ people. The Rus’ were mainly Scandinavians (possibly from Sweden) and their religious practices hence falls under the category of Norse religion. Ibn Fadlan showed a great interest in the Rus’ and describes their ritual sacrifices and a funeral of theirs in great detail. The second source is the description of the heathen cult in the Swedish town of Uppsala written in 1076 by the Christian scholar Adam of Bremen. He describes Uppsala as the last outpost of the religion and among other things he describes their practices, their ritual sacrifices and a golden temple. I’ve used a comparative method as well as a historical critical method in order to findcredible similarities between the two sources. The focus is placed on the descriptions of the ritual sacrifices in both of the texts and how they can be understood in their context. This is done to find a common ground within the religion in order to construct a framework from which further research may find its foundation. With the help from earlier research on these two texts, on other written material, such as thethe Icelandic stories, and on archeological findings I’ve found many similarities between my two sources which can be considered as real parts of the Norse religion. These are the sacrifice to images of the gods, the sacrifice of different animals, the sacrifice in sacred groves and the hanging of scarified animals in trees and on treelike poles, the central role of sacrificing heads of animals and different ritual practices in order to experience a higher reality. Human sacrifice can be strongly questioned and both of the texts point to hanging as a mean of execution instead of sacrifice.

Kvinners opplevelse av hva deres rusproblem er, påvirker hva de søker hjelp for og hvordan de opplever den hjelpen de får. Rusbruken påvirker deres egenskaper (vilje, evner, deres normalitet og deres fasade), deres tilhørighet (normal, vanlig kvinne, likevel unormal og anderledes, en del av en familie og et sosialt nettverk, men likevel ensomme og isolerte) og deres tilstand (som syke og nærmest døende, men likevel friske og levende). De beveger seg langs disse aksene. Hvor de befinner seg er avhengig av situasjoner de er i og følelser de har, eller får som et resultat av situasjonene. Kvinnenes opplevelse av hva rusbruken er for dem, påvirker hvordan de opplever at ansatte møter dem. De opplever å bli inkludert eller ekskludert, å bli forstått eller misforstått, å eie sitt problem eller bli fremmedgjort for det. De opplever å bli møtt som likeverdige personer eller å bli degradert som menneske og de opplever å få tro på at det nytter, at de får håp om en framtid eller opplever mistro og håpløshet. Ansatte konfronterte, var i dialog over tid og avgrenset problemet i sine møter med kvinnene. Ble kvinnene ble møtt på sammensattheten i deres problemforståelse og verdsatt som hele personer, var konfrontasjon og dialog over tid gode strategier. Erkjennelse av rusproblemene kommer fram over tid og er ikke en bevisst og avgrenset tanke hos kvinnene når de oppsøker hjelp. Fokus på rusbruk må derfor holdes oppe over tid / How women experience their drug dependency influence why they seek help and how they experience the help they are receiving. Use of drugs affects their human qualities (will or abilities, normality and appearance), it influence their experience of belonging (being normal, ordinary, abnormal and different, as part of a normal family with an ordinary social network but yet isolated and lonesome) and their condition (sickness and nearly dying, well-being and healthy). They move along these axis. Where they are depend on the situations they are in and the feelings they have or get in the situation. This influence on how they experience communication with helpers. They experience inclusion and exclusion, understanding and misunderstanding. They experience ownership of their problems and becoming aliensto them. They are either treated as equals or degrated as human beings. They experience hope and trust or mistrust and hopelessness. The professionals used confrontation, dialogue over time or delimitation of the problem.Dialogue and confrontation was useful strategies if the the professionels showed understanding for the compexity of the womens problems. Their experiences in the meetings influenced whether they were working along with their drug/alcohol problems or whether they continued to use drugs and alcohol. Their recognition of their problems with drugs/alcohol reveals over time. It is not conscious and concrete in their minds. Focus on drugs/alcohol must therefore be persistant over time / <p>ISBN 91-7997-117-2</p>

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-01-18T10:50:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoAssisVieiraLimaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 656231 bytes, checksum: f6ccd153b3b8dcff92b89db4dc0c38d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-22T14:47:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoAssisVieiraLimaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 656231 bytes, checksum: f6ccd153b3b8dcff92b89db4dc0c38d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T14:47:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoAssisVieiraLimaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 656231 bytes, checksum: f6ccd153b3b8dcff92b89db4dc0c38d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-20 / Introdu??o: apesar da cobertura midi?tica trazer a certeza de uma rela??o entre o V?rus da Zica e microcefalia em rec?m-nascidos, configurando um aumento no agrupamento das anomalias cong?nitas no Nordeste brasileiro, sugere-se que a incid?ncia de anomalia cong?nitas no Rio Grande do Norte n?o seja diferente quando comparada a sua distribui??o espacial antes e ap?s Zica, isso porque fatores como os ambientais, socioecon?micos e biol?gicos podem contribuir para a perman?ncia de uma alta incid?ncia no estado. Objetivo: analisar a distribui??o temporo-espacial das taxas de incid?ncia de anomalias cong?nitas no Rio Grande do Norte, antes e ap?s a epidemia v?rus da zica atrav?s de uma an?lise geoestat?stica e correla??o com os determinantes sociais em sa?de M?todos: trata-se de um estudo epidemiol?gico do tipo ecol?gico, retrospectivo que avaliou os casos notificados de anomalias cong?nitas no Rio Grande do Norte agrupando em dois bi?nios (2005-2006 e 2015-2016), configurando per?odos antes e ap?s a epidemia de zica atrav?s de uma an?lise espacial, cujos dados obtidos do DATASUS e da Secretaria Estadual de Sa?de, foram agrupados no SPSS 13.0 e analisados no Terraview vers?o 4.2.2. Resultados: a taxa de anomalias cong?nitas no per?odo pr?-Zica foi de 11,83 casos/1.000 nascidos vivos e no per?odo p?s-Zica aumentou para 14,24 casos/1.000 nascidos vivos, resultado do aumento dos casos notificados. Foi observada que a mesorregi?o Agreste Potiguar ? a que possui maior n?mero de casos notificados de Zica assim como ? a regi?o que concentra maior n?mero de casos de anomalias cong?nitas no per?odo estudado, estando correlacionada com regi?o com grandes dicotomias sociais. Conclus?es: o presente parece revelar que as anomalias cong?nitas sempre estiveram presentes no estado e nenhuma outra a??o foi suscitada com tamanha import?ncia como no per?odo Zica. Estrat?gias para minimizar os casos de anomalias cong?nitas atrav?s de a??es de planejamento familiar, controle da idade materna, programas de vacina??o, controle na venda de medicamentos abortivos, combate ao consumo de drogas, ?lcool e fumo podem facilmente ser desenvolvida e ganhar ades?o midi?tica, fato que nem sempre ? percebido, tendo a m?dia dado um enfoque ao aumento dos casos de notifica??o sem buscar entender o processo. / Introduction: although the media coverage provides certainty of a relationship between the Zika virus and microcephaly in newborns, which is an increase in the grouping of congenital anomalies in the Brazilian Northeast, it is suggested that the incidence of congenital anomaly in Rio Grande do Sul North isn?t different when compared to its spatial distribution before and after Zika, because factors such as environmental, socioeconomic and biological can contribute to the permanence of a high incidence in the state. The objective of the present study is to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution of the incidence rates of congenital anomalies in Rio Grande do Norte, before and after the epidemic virus Zika through a geostatistical analysis and correlation with the social determinants in health. Methods: this is an ecological that evaluated the reported cases of congenital anomalies in Rio Grande do Norte before and after the Zika epidemy through a spatial analysis, whose data were grouped in SPSS 13.0 and analyzed in Terraview version 4.2.2. Results: the rate of congenital anomalies in the pre-Zika period was 11.83 cases / 1.000 live births and in the post Zika period it increased to 14.24 cases/1.000 live births, a result of the increase in reported cases. It was visualized that the Agreste Potiguar mesoregion is the one with the highest number of reported cases of Zika, as it is the region that concentrates the largest number of cases of congenital anomalies in the period studied, being correlated with the region with great social dichotomies. Conclusion: the present study revealed that congenital anomalies were always present in the state and no other action was raised with such importance as in the Zika period. Strategies to minimize cases of congenital anomalies through family planning actions, maternal age control, vaccination programs, control in the sale of abortive drugs, drug, alcohol and tobacco use can easily be developed and gain media adherence, fact which is not always perceived, the media having given a focus to the increase of the cases of notification without seeking to understand the process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndrewDMoura_DISSERT.pdf: 2171367 bytes, checksum: f41e94b4a019b04f63123834b3af9d4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, triggering dangerous complications in immunocompromised patients and pregnant women, as well as having great economic impact for the livestock. So far the control of toxoplasmosis is made primarily by chemotherapy. However, most drugs used routinely have some limitations. In order to control this disease, several research groups, including ours, has been working to develop a medical-veterinary vaccine based on parasite antigens, vectors and protocols of immunization. In this study were implemented and standardized methodologies for amplification and cloning of recombinant immunogens in the system for the development of a prototype vaccine, based on the surface antigens of T. gondii and recombinant adenovirus encoding these antigens. Genes encoding BAG1, GRA2 and SAG1 proteins were amplified. We established a strategy for cloning SAG1, SAG2, SAG3 and TgAMA1- genes in recombinant system. The genes encoding SAG1 and SAG2 were cloned and their sequences showed high similarity with sequences from GenBank. The virtual translation of these proteins showed polymorphisms in the amino acid sequence, which can be correlated with levels of antigenicity. Simultaneously, the adenovirus encoding the SAGs (HAdSAGs) were expanded, purificated and characterizated. Immunization of C57bl/6 mice, using viral supernatant was not enought to elicit immune responses at high levels, being required HAdSAGs titration for future immunizations. Therefore, this study allowed the cloning of the two genes important for the development of a prototype vaccine. Besides, implementations methodologies that permit advancements in the development of a vaccine against toxoplasmosis using adenovirus to express proteins of the parasite / A toxoplasmose ? uma zoonose de distribui??o mundial causada pelo protozo?rio Toxoplasma gondi podendo desencadear graves complica??es em pacientes imunossuprimidos e gestantes; bem como acarretando grande impacto econ?mico para a pecu?ria. At? o momento o controle da toxoplasmose ? feito basicamente pela quimioterapia. Contudo, a maioria das drogas utilizadas na rotina apresentam alguma limita??o. No intuito do controle dessa parasitose, diversos grupos de pesquisas, inclusive o nosso, v?m trabalhando para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina m?dico-veterin?ria com base em ant?genos do parasito, vetores e protocolos para imuniza??o. Nesse estudo foram implantadas e padronizadas metodologias para amplifica??o e clonagem de imun?genos em sistema recombinante visando o desenvolvimento de um prot?tipo vacinal, tendo como base os ant?genos de superf?cie de T. gondii e adenov?rus recombinante codificando esses ant?genos. Os genes que codificam as prote?nas BAG1, GRA2 e SAG1 foram amplificados. Foi estabelecida uma estrat?gia de clonagem dos genes SAG1, SAG2, SAG3 e TgAMA-1 em sistema recombinante. Os genes que codificam SAG1 e SAG2 foram clonados e suas sequ?ncias apresentaram grande similaridade com sequ?ncias depositadas no GenBank. A tradu??o virtual dessas prote?nas apresentou polimorfismos no n?vel de amino?cidos, que poder?o ser correlacionadas com n?veis de antigenicidade. Paralelamente, foi realizada a expans?o, purifica??o e caracteriza??o dos adenov?rus que codificam as SAGs (HAdSAGs). A imuniza??o de camundongos C57BL/6, utilizando o sobrenadante viral, n?o foi suficiente para desencadear respostas imunol?gicas em altos n?veis, sendo necess?ria a titula??o dos HAdSAGs para futuras imuniza??es. Portanto, esse estudo permitiu a clonagem de dois genes importantes para o desenvolvimento de um prot?tipo vacinal, al?m de implementa??es de metodologias que permitir?o avan?os para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra a toxoplasmose usando adenov?rus que expressem prote?nas do parasito

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DalianaCPS_DISSERT.pdf: 2595100 bytes, checksum: aa73f33cf15a2a54413796e75ca861bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-22 / O c?ncer de colo uterino consiste em um problema de grande relev?ncia social, visto que se trata da segunda malignidade ginecol?gica mais freq?ente no mundo. O principal precursor do c?ncer da c?rvice uterina consiste na infec??o pelo Papiloma v?rus humano (HPV). O HPV tem despertado grande interesse na comunidade cient?fica, devido ? rela??o estabelecida entre a sua epidemiologia e o c?ncer de c?rvice uterina. Apesar do grande avan?o na biologia do HPV, pouco se sabe acerca da resposta imunol?gica a este v?rus. O Papilomav?rus humano (HPV) ? um DNA v?rus epiteliotr?fico, que est? vinculado ? carcinog?nese do colo uterino por meio de evid?ncias epidemiol?gicas e laboratoriais. As infec??es pelo HPV ocorrem em mulheres em todo o mundo. Existe consenso na literatura quanto ? associa??o do DNA HPV com as neoplasias intra epiteliais cervicais e o c?ncer cervical. Por este motivo ? de grande import?ncia a detec??o precoce deste tipo de infec??o para que seja efetuado um tratamento espec?fico. Esse trabalho est? caracterizando o perfil imunol?gico de pacientes portadoras de HPV atrav?s da quantifica??o linfocit?ria (TCD4, TCD8, c?lulas NKT e c?lulas NK), e correlacionou esse material ? t?cnica de captura h?brida, para poder comprovar a infec??o pelo HPV, esperando assim contribuir precocemente para o diagn?stico do c?ncer de colo uterino.