Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-15T17:40:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoMachadoPereiraDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1332551 bytes, checksum: 52187e5e6b08a22ed53718a69a0a533f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-28T21:11:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoMachadoPereiraDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1332551 bytes, checksum: 52187e5e6b08a22ed53718a69a0a533f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-28T21:11:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiegoMachadoPereiraDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1332551 bytes, checksum: 52187e5e6b08a22ed53718a69a0a533f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A dengue ? uma doen?a viral transmitida ao homem pela picada de mosquitos do g?nero Aedes, sendo o principal vetor urbano o Aedes aegypti. Atualmente tem causado, em escala global, consider?vel mortalidade e morbidade, o que a torna um grave problema de sa?de p?blica em todo o mundo. S?o conhecidos quatro sorotipos antigenicamente distintos: v?rus dengue (DENV) tipo 1, DENV-2, DENV-3 e DENV-4. O objetivo desse estudo foi Descrever o perfil epidemiol?gico da dengue nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte (RN) e Para?ba (PB) durante o ano de 2013. Para isso, foram estudados casos suspeitos de dengue, recebidos pelo Laborat?rio de Biologia Molecular de Doen?as Infecciosas e do C?ncer (LADIC-UFRN), provenientes de diferentes unidades de sa?de dos estados do RN e PB, no per?odo compreendido entre janeiro e dezembro de 2013. O RNA viral das amostras de soro foi extra?do atrav?s do QIAmp Viral Mini Kit, sendo seguido o protocolo descrito pelo fabricante. Para detec??o e tipagem dos DENV, foi utilizada a metodologia descrita por Lanciotti (J. Clin. Microbiol,v.30, n.3, p.545-551, 1992). Foram estudados 478 casos suspeitos de dengue, sendo 252 (52,7%) do Rio Grande do Norte e 226 (47,3) da Para?ba. A infec??o por DENV foi identificada em 29,7% (142/478) dos casos. Foi observada a co-circula??o de tr?s sorotipos virais: DENV-1 (9,8% [14/142]), DENV-2 (3,5% [5/142]) e DENV-4 (86,7% [123/142]). A faixa et?ria de 21-30 foi a mais acometida pela doen?a em todo o per?odo de estudo, representando 23,9% dos casos. O g?nero mais acometido foi o feminino, representando 63,3% dos casos. O munic?pio de maior circula??o do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte foi Pau dos Ferros, com 8,2% (8/97) dos casos identificados. J? na Para?ba, o munic?pio mais afetado foi Jo?o Pessoa, com 80% (36/45) dos casos. Os meses de maior circula??o viral no RN e PB foram Mar?o e Agosto, respectivamente. Estes resultados s?o de grande import?ncia para a compreens?o da atividade dos v?rus dengue nos estados do RN e PB, fornecendo dados para nortear as a??es de controle da doen?a, em apoio aos programas locais de combate a dengue. / Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by female mosquitoes from genus Aedes, the principal urban vector is Aedes aegypti. Actually dengue has caused, in global scale, substantial morbidity and mortality. Four serotypes (antigenically distinct) are known: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. The objective of this study was described the epidemiological profile dengue in the states of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Para?ba (PB), 2013. For that, suspected cases of dengue were studied, received for Laboratory of Molecular Biology of infectious disease and cancer (LADIC-UFRN) from different Health Units from RN and PB between January and December of 2013. The viral RNA was obtained from serum samples of patient from health units from RN and PB. It were studied 478 suspected cases of dengue , 252 (52,7%) from Rio Grande do Norte and 226 (47,3%) from Para?ba, showeds a global rate of infection global prevalence of 29,7% (142/478). The co-circulation of three serotypes was observed: DENV-1 (9,8% [14/142]), DENV-2 (3,5% [5/142]) and DENV-4 (86,7% [123/142]). People between 21-30 years old were the most affected by the disease during all the period of the study, representing 63,7% of the cases in both states. The genus most affected was female, representing 63,3% of cases in both states. Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, had the highest circulation of disease, with 8,2% (8/97) of cases. In Para?ba, the city most affected was Jo?o Pessoa, with (80% (36/45) of cases. The months with the biggest viral circulation in RN and PB were March and August, respectively. These results are very important to understanding the dengue viral activity in RN and PB, providing data that can guide control actions of this disease in support to local control programs

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-25T22:06:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FranklinLearctonBezerraDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1813226 bytes, checksum: 94cc6f07139de7ed36c9e4adcb10e9bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-03T20:50:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FranklinLearctonBezerraDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1813226 bytes, checksum: 94cc6f07139de7ed36c9e4adcb10e9bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T20:50:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranklinLearctonBezerraDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1813226 bytes, checksum: 94cc6f07139de7ed36c9e4adcb10e9bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / A dengue e o v?rus da Febre do Chikungunya (CHIKV) s?o consideradas doen?as de notifica??o compuls?ria transmitas por mosquitos do g?nero Aedes, sendo o Aedes aegypti o principal vetor. Encontram-se amplamente distribu?das no Brasil, ocasionando um dos maiores problemas de sa?de p?blica, devido as altera??es epidemiol?gicas que vem ocorrendo nos ?ltimos anos e por caracterizarem-se pela ampla distribui??o em todas as regi?es. O presente projeto tem como objetivo analisar a atua??o dos enfermeiros das Estrat?gias de Sa?de da Fam?lia (ESF) no controle da Dengue e Febre Chikungunya nos munic?pios de Parnamirim e Santa Cruz. Trata-se de pesquisa de cunho explorat?rio-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, que fora desenvolvida com enfermeiros dos munic?pios de Parnamirim e Santa Cruz. A pesquisa obteve parecer favor?vel do Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte com o Certificado de Apresenta??o para Aprecia??o ?tica (CAAE), n? 48378515.8.0000.5537. A coleta de dados foi realizada no m?s de novembro e dezembro atrav?s de entrevista com question?rios semiestruturados compostos por quest?es abertas e fechadas, organizados em tr?s partes: o perfil dos entrevistados, o conhecimento sobre a doen?a e descri??o das pr?ticas realizadas. Os dados levantados foram categorizados e tabulados, utilizando o Microsoft Office Excel 2010. As tabula??es do instrumento das perguntas fechadas passaram por an?lises, utilizando o Programa Estat?stico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 22), e para as perguntas abertas utilizou a an?lise de conte?do de Bardin. Como resultado, os enfermeiros foram questionados quanto ao agente transmissor da Dengue e Febre Chikungunya, cinco enfermeiros responderam que o agente transmissor da Dengue ? o Aedes aegypti e somente um por ele e pelo Aedes albopictus; enquanto que para Febre Chikungunya, dois responderam que a doen?a ? transmitida pelos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus e os demais somente pelo Aedes aegypti. Versando relativamente os sorotipos virais, tr?s enfermeiros responderam que s?o 4 sorotipos da Dengue, dois disseram que s?o cinco e somente um que s?o dois sorotipos. Para a febre Chikungunya, um n?o soube responder, dois responderam que tamb?m s?o cinco sorotipos, dois responderam que existe somente um sorotipo e um que s?o dois. Todos desconhecem quais os tipos de dep?sitos que mais s?o encontrados focos do mosquito em sua regi?o, como tamb?m desconhecem o Programa Nacional de Controle da Dengue. Os profissionais de enfermagem sabem reconhecer um caso suspeito de Dengue, mas se confundem quando tentam explicar para a Febre Chikungunya, expondo os mesmos sintomas da Dengue. Nota-se que, apesar de todos terem participado de uma capacita??o sobre Febre Chikungunya e Dengue, um conhecimento bastante limitado dos enfermeiros a respeito do manejo cl?nico. Outra abordagem dos profissionais ? uso de medicamentos para os casos sintom?ticos das doen?as. Destarte, conclui-se o estudo com a aus?ncia de refer?ncias devidas que a equipe de sa?de deve se apropriar para planejar a??es de preven??o e controle vetorial, como treinamentos mais espec?ficos para estes profissionais. / The research aimed to analyze the role of nurses in the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the control of Dengue and Chikungunya fever in the cities of Parnamirim and Santa Cruz. It is exploratory and descriptive nature of research, with a qualitative approach, which was developed with nurses of the Family Health Strategy in the municipalities of Parnamirim and Santa Cruz. All research process followed the ethical standards laid out research in Resolution No. 466/2012 of the National Health Council about research involving human beings. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions, organized into three parts: the profile of respondents, knowledge of the disease (transmission, prevention, control) and description of practices. The actions performed by nurses are punctual performed when there is growing disease of the number of cases in order to try to reduce the number of cases. The principal methodology used for them is to talk and guidelines resulting from campaigns and home visits, using leaflets and social networks. Regarding knowledge of nurses in the city of Santa Cruz on Dengue Fever and Chikungunya, is clearly some gaps. Nursing professionals know recognize a suspected case of dengue, but get confused when trying to explain to the Chikungunya fever, exhibiting the same symptoms of dengue. Although everybody had participated in a training on Chikungunya Fever and Dengue, a very limited knowledge of nurses regarding the clinical management. It is suggested that further studies are developed on the ground a few nurses have accepted to participate in the study, so that we can identify strategies, interventions, activities and nursing actions that are consistent with the reality of working in favor of coping Aedes epidemics aegypti that have positive impact on reducing the infestation rates and may be suitable and applied in other regions.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaFA.pdf: 1749500 bytes, checksum: 3468acf35904221d81b3482eef39fc68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In vivo production of viral biopesticides is the major source of viral insecticides currently in the marketplace. However, this system presents limitations during production scale-up. For the Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV), the insect used for replication has cannibalistic characteristics, thus production is even more difficult. Insect cells are commonly used for in vitro baculovirus production. Most of these cell lines are derived from Lepidoptera species. The Sf21 cell line is derived from Spodoptera frugiperda caterpillar ovarian tissue, and its clonal isolate Sf9 has been used for biopesticide production due to its ease of growth in suspension cultures. In this work, the in vitro production capabilities of a Brazilian SfMNPV isolate obtained from cornfields was evaluated. Comparison of polyhedra production was carried out using both Sf21 and Sf9 cells, based on volumetric and specific yields. Both cell lines were cultivated in Hyclone medium supplemented with different fetal bovine serum concentrations (2,5 and 5%). The best results were obtained using Sf9 cells supplemented with 5% serum. These results were further confirmed quantitively through kinetic parameter estimation for both cells lines and different serum concentrations. After seven successive passages, this system still presented high specific polyhedra production / A produ??o in vivo de biopesticidas virais ? a maior fonte destes inseticidas presentes no mercado atualmente. Entretanto, o sistema in vivo apresenta limita??o em rela??o ao escalonamento de produ??o. No caso do v?rus Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopoliedrovirus (SfMNPV), o inseto usado para sua multiplica??o tem caracter?sticas canibais, o que dificulta ainda mais a sua produ??o in vivo. As c?lulas de inseto s?o comumente utilizadas para produ??o in vitro de baculov?rus. V?rias linhagens destas c?lulas s?o derivadas principalmente da esp?cie Lepidoptera. A linhagem Sf21 ? derivada do tecido ovariano da lagarta Spodoptera frugiperda e um clone isolado da linhagem original, denominado Sf9, tem sido utilizado para produ??o de biopesticidas, por apresentar f?cil crescimento em cultivo em suspens?o. Neste trabalho, foi testada a viabilidade de produ??o in vitro de um isolado viral brasileiro de SfMNPV obtido em lavouras de milho. A produ??o de poliedros, em c?lulas Sf21 e Sf9, foi determinada com base na avalia??o comparativa da produtividade volum?trica e espec?fica destes poliedros. Ambas as linhagens celulares foram cultivadas, em suspens?o, em meio HyClone suplementado com diferentes concentra??es de soro fetal bovino (2,5 e 5%). A c?lula Sf9 suplementada com 5% de soro apresentou os melhores resultados de produ??o. Os resultados foram confirmados quantitativamente atrav?s dos par?metros cin?ticos estimados para as duas linhagens e diferentes concentra??es de soro. O sistema demonstrou, ap?s sete passagens sucessivas, uma alta produ??o espec?fica de poliedros

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-27T13:32:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianaLimaBezerra_TESE.pdf: 4985146 bytes, checksum: ce1c1005e6775f052912c875b1d39910 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-31T13:32:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianaLimaBezerra_TESE.pdf: 4985146 bytes, checksum: ce1c1005e6775f052912c875b1d39910 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T13:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabianaLimaBezerra_TESE.pdf: 4985146 bytes, checksum: ce1c1005e6775f052912c875b1d39910 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A dengue ? a mais importante arbovirose que afeta o homem e constitui-se em um grave problema de sa?de p?blica. A doen?a ? end?mica em regi?es tropicais e subtropicais, abrangendo mais de 100 pa?ses, correspondendo ? metade da popula??o mundial. As epidemias s?o recorrentes e estima-se que os v?rus da dengue causem 390 milh?es de infec??es a cada ano, sendo uma importante causa de morbidade. Apesar desse cen?rio, atualmente, ainda n?o se disp?e de um antiviral contra a dengue. Neste contexto, diversos estudos relatam a atividade antiviral dos polissacar?deos sulfatados obtidos das algas marinhas contra v?rus envelopados, cuja a??o est? associada ? interfer?ncia nas etapas iniciais do processo de infec??o viral. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a potencial atividade antiviral de extratos brutos ricos em polissacar?deos sulfatados obtidos das algas marrons Dictyota menstrualis (EBDMens) e Dictyota mertensii (EBDM) e das algas verdes Codium isthmocladum (EBCI) e Caulerpa sertularioides (EBCS) contra o v?rus dengue 2 (DENV-2), em linhagem de c?lulas Vero, usando diferentes estrat?gias metodol?gicas (tratamento simult?neo, tratamento p?s-infec??o, pr?-tratamento da c?lula, pr?tratamento do v?rus, adsor??o, p?s-adsor??o e penetra??o). A citotoxicidade dos extratos foi analisada pelo ensaio de redu??o do MTT. O estudo da atividade antiviral foi determinado pela quantifica??o do n?mero de c?pias do RNA viral por RT-qPCR ap?s 120 h de infec??o. Nenhum extrato exibiu toxicidade para as c?lulas Vero no ensaio de redu??o do MTT na concentra??o de 100 ?g/mL. Todos os extratos exibiram atividade antiviral quando adicionados durante os primeiros 90 minutos de infec??o, demonstrando redu??o significativa no n?mero de c?pias do RNA viral ap?s 120 horas. Os extratos EBDMens e EBDM foram mais eficazes nos ensaios de pr?-tratamento da c?lula e do v?rus, e o primeiro exerceu atividade antiviral superior ao EBDM durante a adsor??o viral. Os extratos EBCI e EBCS apresentaram atividade antiviral semelhante no ensaio de pr?-tratamento da c?lula. O EBCI foi mais eficaz na redu??o da adsor??o do DENV-2 em c?lulas Vero. Por?m, o EBCS se mostrou mais eficiente nos ensaios de pr?-tratamento do v?rus e penetra??o. Dentre os extratos avaliados, o EBCS parece ser o mais efetivo no combate ao DENV-2. Estes resultados revelam o potencial desses extratos ricos em polissacar?deos sulfatados como compostos com a??o antiviral, sugerindo que eles atuam nos est?gios iniciais da infec??o por DENV-2. / Dengue is considered the most important human arboviruses, and is a serious public health problem. This disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, reaching more than 100 countries, which means the half of world population, and those epidemies have been appellant. It is estimated that Dengue virus could cause 390 millions of infections each year, and is an important cause of morbidity. Although this scenario, actually doesn?t exist a dengue antivirals still. Sorts of studies have showed antivirus activity of seaweed sulfated polysaccharides against enveloped viruses, which action seems to be associated to initials steps of infection process. In this study, was evaluated the potential antiviral activity of crude extracts rich in sulfated polysaccharides obtained from the brown algae Dyctiota menstrualis (EBDMens) and Dyctiota mertensii (EBDM), and green algae Codium isthmocladium (EBCl) and Caulerpa sertularioides (EBCS), tested against Dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) in Vero cell line, by using different methodological strategies (simultaneous treatment, post-infection treatment, cell pre-treatment, virus pre-treatment, adsorption, post-adsorption and penetration). The extracts cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT reduction assay. The study of antiviral activity was determinated by quantifying viral RNA load using RT-qPCR, after 120 hours of infection. None extract has showed toxicity against Vero Cells in MTT reduction assay with 100 ?g/mL concentration. All extracts have shown antiviral activity when added during the first 90 minutes of infection, and a significant reduction of viral RNA number of copies after 120 hours. The EBDMens and EBDM extracts were more efficient to cell and virus pretreatment assays, and the first has showed higher antiviral activity than EBDM during viral adsorption. The EBCI and EBCS extracts have presented antiviral activity very similar in cell pre-treatment assay. EBCI was more efficient in the reduction of DENV-2 adsorption in Vero cell. However, EBCS has showed more efficient in cell pre-treatment and penetration assays. Between the extracts evaluated, EBCS seems to be more effective against DENV-2. These results have showed potential action of extracts rich in sulfated polysaccharides with antivirus activity, suggesting that they act in the initials steps of infection process of DENV-2.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka observationsmaterialen Läsutvecklingsschema (Allard, Rudqvist & Sundblad, 2001), Relationsutvecklingsschema (Erixon et al. 2007) och Tidig registrering av språkutveckling (Espenakk et al. 2013) i förhållande till vad Lpfö98/10 tillskriver uppdraget. Genom att använda en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, med främsta fokus på observationspunkterna, var avsikten att synliggöra vilken språksyn som konstrueras i materialen ur ett en- och flerspråkigt perspektiv. Genom att använda Vallberg Roth och Månssons (2010) didaktiska frågor undersöktes materialet utifrån vem som bedömn, vad för något som ska bedömas och varför detta bör ske.Det sociokulturella perspektivet har agerat teoretisk ram för analysen. Resultatet visade att RUS (Erixon et al. 2007) och LUS (Allard, Rudqvist & Sundblad, 2001) har en teoretiskt liknande språksyn, som främst kan kallas interaktionell språksyn (Holm, 2009). Samlingsnamnet kännetecknar en syn på språk där kommunikationen och dess funktion är central. TRAS (Espenakk et al. 2013) som observationsmaterial presenterar snarare en strukturell språksyn (Holm, 2009). Häri anses delarna av språket vara viktiga för att inneha språkkompetens. I relation till Lpfö98/10 kan samtliga standardiserade material menas producera en normativ bild av hur barnet ska vara och hur dess utveckling ska framskrida, och därför inte vara förenliga med läroplanstexten. Särskilt gäller detta när det kommer till de flerspråkiga barnen, då både LUS (Allard, Rudqvist & Sundblad, 2001), RUS (Erixon et al. 2007) och TRAS (Espenakk et al. 2013) starkt normerar det svenska språket och ett västerländskt förhållningssätt till litteratur och dialog.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeobaldoADM.pdf: 3279285 bytes, checksum: 75c6fe2dde1ff5768438ffde84d8d45a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-01-21 / Apresentamos um sistema implementado em Linux? com o intuito de proteger redes contendo esta??es de trabalho Windows? contra agentes maliciosos. O sistema, denominado LIV - Linux? Integrated Viruswall, agrega caracter?sticas existentes em outras solu??es e acrescenta novas funcionalidades. Uma das funcionalidades implementadas ? a capacidade de detec??o de esta??es de trabalho contaminadas tendo como base a an?lise do tr?fego de rede. Outra ? o uso de uma t?cnica denominada compartilhamento armadilha para identificar agentes maliciosos em propaga??o na rede local. Uma vez detectado um foco de contamina??o, o LIV ? capaz de isol?-lo da rede, contendo a difus?o do agente malicioso. Resultados obtidos pelo LIV na prote??o de uma rede corporativa demonstram a efic?cia da an?lise do tr?fego de rede como instrumento de detec??o de agentes maliciosos, especialmente quando comparada a mecanismos tradicionais de detec??o, baseados exclusivamente em assinaturas digitais de c?digos maliciosos

<p>This is a study of martial material culture in the context of the Viking Age warrior of Birka, Sweden. The aim is to establish the role, function and affiliation of the Birka warrior and thereby place Birka on the power-political map of the 10th century. The study is based on the excavations of the fortified structures, particularly the Garrison, at the trading post of Birka as well as the extensive remains of material culture deriving from these investigations. A starting hypothesis is that an analysis of material culture constitutes a way of mapping social structures and that style and iconography reflect cultural groups, contacts and loyalties.</p><p>Based on the case studies of six papers, the synthesis deals with questions of the work and world view of the warriors, as too their relation to their contemporary counterparts in eastern and western Europe. Questions are raised concerning the value and function of symbols in a martial context where material culture reflects rank, status and office. In defining the Birka warrior’s particular stylistic expression, a tool is created and used in the search for contacts and affiliations reflected through the distribution patterns. The results show close contacts with the eastern trading posts located on the rivers Volga and Dnjepr in Ancient Russia.</p><p>It is stated that these Rus’ trading posts, essentially inhabited by Northmen, shared a common cultural expression that was maintained throughout a vast area by exceptionally close contacts. It is suggested that a particular stylistic expression developed in these Rus’ trading places containing elements of mainly Scandinavian, Steppe nomadic and Byzantine origin.</p><p>In conclusion, the results of this thesis show that the warriors from Birka’s Garrison had a share in the martial development of contemporary Europe but with their own particular traits. Close relations with the eastern trade route and contact with the powerful Byzantine Empire were enjoyed. As a pointer for future research, it is wondered what organisational form the close-knit structure of the Rus’ trading posts actually took, keeping the subsequent guilds of medieval Europe in mind. The fall of the Garrison, as of Birka, corresponds with the establishment of Christianity in the region. Such changes were not limited to Central Sweden but part of a greater process where a new political structure was developing, better anchored in local concerns.</p>

PODOBOVÁ, Marie. The Folklore Expedition of D. A. Rasovskij to Carpathian Ruthenia in 1931. Prague : Philosophical Faculty of Charles University in Prague, 2011, Diploma Thesis. The diploma paper focuses on the archival material that is deposited in The Institute of Arts History of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. This material presents D. A. Rasovskij's notes from the folklore expedition to Carpathian Ruthenia that took place in 1931. The aim of the expedition was to examine the folk wedding and burial ritual and folk customs associated with childbirth. The target of this paper is to present this valuable material and to analyse it on the basis of secondary literature.

Zakarpattia Oblast of today's Ukraine has been a part of Hungarian Kingdom, Czechoslovakia, Soviet Ukraine and then, after collapse of Soviet Union, Ukraine. The main goal of this thesis is to deal with the efforts of Rusins to gain the autonomy since 1848, the economic and social potential to become the autonomous part of Ukraine today and to deal with the question whether Rusins could be considered as the nation or not. Due to isolation of this peripheral part of the state by Carpathian Mountains, Zakarpattia has always been the center of autonomic tendences. According to M. Hroch term "nation" should have its objective (by which he meant language, history, culture etc.) and subjective traits (to realize themselves as a part of the nation). There is rusin language, history and culture, but the national consciousness of beeing Rusin is still missing.

Submitted by PPG Biologia Celular e Molecular (bcm@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-17T11:55:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LAURA_ESTEVES_PETERSEN_TES.pdf: 11032751 bytes, checksum: 519545881a34767f1600d5189b0ddc8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-04T17:09:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LAURA_ESTEVES_PETERSEN_TES.pdf: 11032751 bytes, checksum: 519545881a34767f1600d5189b0ddc8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T17:15:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LAURA_ESTEVES_PETERSEN_TES.pdf: 11032751 bytes, checksum: 519545881a34767f1600d5189b0ddc8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease which leads to premature immunosenescence and the development of articular and extra-articular manifestations, including joint damage and cognitive dysfunction, respectively. Peripheral immune system cells and the chronic inflammation, both of great importance for RA, are potentials mechanisms involved in cognitive dysfunction. In contrast, experimental studies have shown the beneficial contribution of immune cells, mainly T cells reactive to central nervous system (CNS) antigens, to neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Previous data have shown that RA patients besides to have worse performance in cognitive tests, have significantly lower levels of B cells and higher levels of senescent T cells (CD8+CD28-). However, is not known yet which B cells subpopulations are related to poor cognitive performance, if clinical severity of disease (active and controlled disease) impacts on cognition and which factor is responsible for remodeling of peripheral immunity (immunosenescence). Hypotheses about the contribution of latent infections (Cytomegalovirus; CMV), for the development of immunosenescence (observed by telomere shortening and increase of CD28- cells) have been raised. However, it remains in discussion the CMV soroprevalence and its relation with the development of premature immunological senesce in RA. Based on this findings, in this work we have broadly assessment the cognition of RA patients with active and controlled disease, peripheral levels of lymphocytes subsets (T and B cells), neurotrophic factors, cytokines besides that CMV soroprevalence and immunosenescence profile (telomere length and CD28- cells). This work also proposed to explore the relationship between immune mediators, neurotrophic factors and cognitive performance, besides the association between CMV and immunosenescence. For this purpose, 102 RA patients (67 active and 35 controlled disease) and 30 healthy controls adjusted for age, gender and schooling were recruited. The cognitive function, levels of stress and depression were assessment by means of neurocognitive tests (Mini Mental State Examination, Logical memory, digit span, Trail Making Test, N-back, Stroop word-colors) and specific questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory ?II for depression and Perceived Stress Scale for stress). Twenty ml of blood were collected and, after plasma separation, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by centrifugation gradient. PBMCs were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry to investigate the frequency of T and B cells subsets. The genomic DNA was isolated from PBMCs and the telomere length was evaluated by real time PCR. Neurotrophic factors, cytokines, IgM and IgG anti-CMV were measured in plasma by means of ELISA (NF and CMV) and Citometric Bead Array (CBA; cytokines). In general, patients with active disease had worse cognitive performance, followed by patients with controlled disease producing cells, in addition to high levels of cytokines, with the exception of IL-17A. Higher levels of BDNF were found in patients with active RA followed by controlled disease and control group. The peripheral levels of GDNF were lower in patients with active RA than control group. The IL-6 was predictor of the performance in Trail Making test. IgM and IgG anti-CMV antibody titers did not differ between patients and controls. Only IgG anti-CMV was positively associated with age and senescent cells. In conclusion, RA patients with active disease had worse performance in cognitive tasks that were related to peripheral immune mediators (cells and cytokines). Besides that, we found that late infection (IgG) by CMV were associated only with CD4+CD27-CD28- and haven?t correlated with other immunosenescence characteristics. However, understand in which sense e how the relationship between the peripheral environment and the CNS is established, may contribute to development of preventive interventions to cognitive impairments and premature immunosenescence, since both factors are associated to health and well-being of individuals. / A artrite reumatoide (AR) ? uma doen?a autoimune inflamat?ria que leva ? imunossenesc?ncia prematura e ao desenvolvimento de manifesta??es articulares e extraarticulares, entre elas a destrui??o da articula??o e o decl?nio cognitivo, respectivamente. C?lulas do sistema imune perif?rico e a inflama??o cr?nica, ambos de grande import?ncia para a AR, s?o potenciais mecanismos envolvidos na disfun??o cognitiva. Em contrapartida, estudos experimentais tem revelado a contribui??o ben?fica das c?lulas imunol?gicas, principalmente c?lulas T reativas a ant?genos do sistema nervoso central (SNC), para a neurog?nese e neuroplasticidade. Dados pr?vios apontam que pacientes com AR al?m de apresentarem piores desempenhos nos testes cognitivos, tem significativamente menos c?lulas B e mais c?lulas T com perfil senescente (CD8+CD28-). Entretanto ainda n?o se sabe quais subpopula??es de c?lulas B est?o relacionadas ao pior desempenho cognitivo, se a severidade cl?nica da doen?a (doen?a ativa e controlada) impacta sobre a cogni??o e qual fator seria respons?vel pelo remodelamento da imunidade perif?rica (imunossenesc?ncia). Hip?teses sobre a contribui??o de infec??es latentes, como a causada pelo citomegalov?rus (CMV), para o desenvolvimento da imunossenesc?ncia, observada pelo encurtamento telom?rico e aumento na frequ?ncia de c?lulas CD28-, tem sido levantadas. Por?m, permanece em discuss?o a soropreval?ncia da infec??o pelo CMV e sua real rela??o com o desenvolvimento da senesc?ncia imunol?gica prematura na AR. Com base nestas constata??es, nesta tese n?s avaliamos amplamente a cogni??o de pacientes com AR ativa e controlada, n?veis perif?ricos de subtipos linfocit?rios (c?lulas T e B), fatores neurotr?ficos (FN), citocinas, al?m da soropositividade para CMV e perfil de imunossenesc?ncia prematura (encurtamento telom?rico e aumento de c?lulas CD28-). Esta tese tamb?m se prop?s explorar a rela??o entre mediadores imunes, FN e desempenho cognitivo, e a associa??o entre CMV e caracter?sticas de imunossenesc?ncia. Para esta finalidade, 102 pacientes com AR (67 com doen?a ativa e 35 com doen?a controlada) e 30 controles saud?veis ajustados para idade, g?nero e escolaridade foram recrutados. A fun??o cognitiva, n?veis de estresse e depress?o foram avaliados por meio de testes neurocognitivos (Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Mem?ria L?gica, Subteste de D?gitos, Trail Making Test, N-back, Stroop palavras-cores) e question?rios espec?ficos (Beck Depression Inventory ?II e Escala de Estresse Percebido). Foram coletados 20 ml de sangue e, ap?s a separa??o do plasma, as c?lulas mononucleares do sangue perif?rico (PBMCs) foram isoladas por gradiente de centrifuga??o. PBMCs foram imunofenotipadas por citometria de fluxo para investigar a frequ?ncia de subpopula??es de c?lulas T e B. FN, citocinas, IgM e IgG anti-CMV foram dosados no plasma atrav?s da t?cnica de ELISA (FN e CMV) e Citometric Bead Array (CBA; citocinas). De forma geral, pacientes com doen?a ativa tiveram o pior desempenho nos testes cognitivos, seguido pelos indiv?duos com doen?a controlada e grupo controle. Pacientes com AR tiveram elevados n?veis perif?ricos de c?lulas B imaturas e produtoras de anticorpos, al?m de elevados n?veis das citocinas, com exce??o da IL-17. Maiores concentra??es de BDNF foram observadas nos indiv?duos com AR ativa, seguido pelo grupo controlado e controle. Os n?veis perif?ricos de GDNF foram menores em pacientes com AR ativa do que em indiv?duos controle. A IL-6 apresentou-se como preditora do desempenho do Trail Making Test. T?tulos dos anticorpos IgM e IgG anti-CMV n?o diferiram entre pacientes e controles. Somente o IgG anti-CMV foi relacionado positivamente com idade e c?lulas senescentes. Concluindo, pacientes com AR ativa apresentam pior desempenho em tarefas cognitivas as quais est?o relacionadas a mediadores imunes perif?ricos. Al?m disso, observou-se que infec??es tardias pelo CMV (t?tulos de anticorpos IgG anti-CMV) foram somente associadas a c?lulas T senescentes e n?o se correlacionaram com outras caracter?sticas da imunossenesc?ncia. Portanto, compreender em qual sentido e como a rela??o entre o ambiente perif?rico e do SNC se estabelece, pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de interven??es preventivas ao d?ficit cognitivo e senesc?ncia prematura, uma vez que ambos fatores est?o associados a sa?de e o bem ? estar dos indiv?duos.