Denna uppsats behandlar områdens rykten och vilka faktorer som ligger bakom dem, hur en stadsdel kan vara utformad för att räknas som en god stadsdel och dessutom hur en stadsdel bör behandlas av kommuner för att den ska vara välfungerande socialt. Syftet är att undersöka om områdens framställning påverkas av rykten och medias framställning samt att undersöka några invånares uppfattning om centrala Väster och se om det finns ett samband mellan rykten och uppfattning av stadsdelarna. Studien är gjord med hjälp av intervjuer som utfördes i två olika intervjuer med två respondenter per tillfälle där den ena gruppen hade ett inifrånperspektiv och var boende på centrala Väster medan den andra gruppen hade ett utifrånperspektiv och dessa personer hade aldrig någonsin bott på centrala Väster tidigare. Studien har behandlat offentliga, strategiska dokument, statistik från Örebro kommuns hemsida, brottsstatistik från brottsförebyggande rådet, nyhetsartiklar och författarna har gjort egna undersökningar i sociala medier. Uppsatsen handlar om centrala Väster i Örebro, ett område definierat och avgränsat av författarna. Området jämförs med området Öster som är en liknande stadsdel i befolkningsantal, den fysiska utformningen och har en liknande historia i sin utveckling. Skillnaden mellan dessa områden är att det ena området har flera rykten som målar upp stadsdelen som ett problemområde och det andra området målas upp som en av de bästa stadsdelarna i Örebro. Därför ville vi också undersöka om kommunens strategiska dokument skapar en hierarki mellan områden, vad konsekvenserna blir av detta och hur de skulle kunna lösas. Resultatet visar att det finns en skillnad mellan hur Öster och centrala Väster framställs hos några av kommunens invånare där Öster visar sig uppfattas som en "gräddhylla" och centrala Väster som något mindre positivt. Resultatet visar också att områdena framställs olika i strategiska dokument på grund av flera anledningar. Detta kan innebära att kommunen måste gå in och satsa mer på centrala Väster för att den socioekonomiska statusen ska höjas och stadsdelens rykte förändras till något positivt - som Östers rykte.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to understand the ways in which rumors affect the everyday lives of a few young women. The questions are: What kinds of rumors do the young women find are the most common? How do they respond to these rumors? Do the rumors affect their everyday lives and if so, how do they react to them? Do they resist them? Do they feel limited by them?</p><p>The empirical data was collected through unstructured interviews (focus groups) with three groups. The groups discussed different themes without prompting questions by the interviewer and it was clear that rumors played an important role, in multiple ways, in the lives of the young women. The most common rumors were sexualized and were mostly concerned with the view that the young women should not engage in “too many” heterosexual relations – preferably none. The meaning and significance of rumors fluctuated from different public and private places but the connecting link was that they were used as a means of controlling the young women’s sexuality (including making and maintaining it heterosexual).</p><p>Rumors implied norms for the expected behavior of the young women, which would be expressed through normative opinions about clothes, looks, and behaviors in order to prevent rumors. It also involved the women being compelled to avoid certain public places and to be outdoors during certain hours because even these situations could lead to rumors. In numerous ways various factors were correlated and led to many of the young women feeling limited and adapting to the norms in order to avoid being the subjects of more rumors. This led to a limitation of ways they could act and a decrease in places they could go. Rumors played an important role in terms of the possibilities these young women had to move and act in public and in terms of their sexual subjectivity. The resistance against rumors was mostly noted in the young women’s questioning of the structures that allow differing possibilities and opportunities of action depending on one’s gender.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to understand the ways in which rumors affect the everyday lives of a few young women. The questions are: What kinds of rumors do the young women find are the most common? How do they respond to these rumors? Do the rumors affect their everyday lives and if so, how do they react to them? Do they resist them? Do they feel limited by them? The empirical data was collected through unstructured interviews (focus groups) with three groups. The groups discussed different themes without prompting questions by the interviewer and it was clear that rumors played an important role, in multiple ways, in the lives of the young women. The most common rumors were sexualized and were mostly concerned with the view that the young women should not engage in “too many” heterosexual relations – preferably none. The meaning and significance of rumors fluctuated from different public and private places but the connecting link was that they were used as a means of controlling the young women’s sexuality (including making and maintaining it heterosexual). Rumors implied norms for the expected behavior of the young women, which would be expressed through normative opinions about clothes, looks, and behaviors in order to prevent rumors. It also involved the women being compelled to avoid certain public places and to be outdoors during certain hours because even these situations could lead to rumors. In numerous ways various factors were correlated and led to many of the young women feeling limited and adapting to the norms in order to avoid being the subjects of more rumors. This led to a limitation of ways they could act and a decrease in places they could go. Rumors played an important role in terms of the possibilities these young women had to move and act in public and in terms of their sexual subjectivity. The resistance against rumors was mostly noted in the young women’s questioning of the structures that allow differing possibilities and opportunities of action depending on one’s gender.

Våren 2017 upplevde Sverige en kris när det terrorattentat med flest dödsfall sen 1940 inträffade; en lastbil körde längs Drottninggatan i Stockholm, varpå flera personer blev påkörda varav fem personer dödades. Händelsen spred sig snabbt i sociala medier och delar av informationen som spreds var obekräftade uppgifter som senare visade sig vara felaktiga. Syftet med denna studie har varit att framställa rekommendationer för kriskommunikatörers proaktiva arbete mot falsk information och ryktesspridning på sociala medier samt utgöra en grund för vidare forskning inom krisinformatik. För att uppnå detta syfte har sex respondenter från Krisinformation.se och Polisen intervjuats och en tidslinje (Bilaga 3) upprättats för att förtydliga händelseförloppet på sociala medier under terrorattentatet. Analys av data från det insamlade materialet har resulterat i tio rekommendationer som kan appliceras för att proaktivt motverka falsk information och ryktesspridning på sociala medier. Rekommendationer som kan appliceras generellt hos aktörer inom krishantering. Dessa rekommendationer var: Öva; Bevaka; Skapa material; Var snabb; Var korrekt; Var närvarande; Bemöt rykten; Var tillgänglig; Utbilda; Crowdsourca. / In the spring of 2017, Sweden experienced a crisis when the most deadly act of terrorism since 1940 occured; a truck drove through a crowd of people on Drottninggatan in Stockholm, hitting several people and killing five. The event spread rapidly in social media and the circulating information was in part unconfirmed data that later turned out to be incorrect. The purpose of this study was to generate recommendations regarding emergency communicators’ proactive work against false information and the spreading of rumors on social media, while at the same time be a foundation for future studies within crisis informatics. To achieve this purpose six respondents from Krisinformation.se and the Swedish police were interviewed and a timeline (Bilaga 3) was created in order to clarify the chain of events on social media during the act of terrorism. Analysis of data from the aggregated material has resulted in ten recommended measures applicable to proactive work against false information and spreading of rumors in social media. Measures that can be applied generally to actors within crisis management. These measures were: Practice; Monitor; Create material; Be quick, Be correct; Be present; Respond to rumors; Be available; Educate; Crowdsource.

Våren 2017 upplevde Sverige en kris när det terrorattentat med flest dödsfall sen 1940 inträffade; en lastbil körde längs Drottninggatan i Stockholm, varpå flera personer blev påkörda varav fem personer dödades. Händelsen spred sig snabbt i sociala medier och delar av informationen som spreds var obekräftade uppgifter som senare visade sig vara felaktiga. Syftet med denna studie har varit att framställa rekommendationer för kriskommunikatörers proaktiva arbete mot falsk information och ryktesspridning på sociala medier samt utgöra en grund för vidare forskning inom krisinformatik. För att uppnå detta syfte har sex respondenter från Krisinformation.se och Polisen intervjuats och en tidslinje (Bilaga 3) upprättats för att förtydliga händelseförloppet på sociala medier under terrorattentatet. Analys av data från det insamlade materialet har resulterat i tio rekommendationer som kan appliceras för att proaktivt motverka falsk information och ryktesspridning på sociala medier. Rekommendationer som kan appliceras generellt hos aktörer inom krishantering. Dessa rekommendationer var: Öva; Bevaka; Skapa material; Var snabb; Var korrekt; Var närvarande; Bemöt rykten; Var tillgänglig; Utbilda; Crowdsourca. / In the spring of 2017, Sweden experienced a crisis when the most deadly act of terrorism since 1940 occured; a truck drove through a crowd of people on Drottninggatan in Stockholm, hitting several people and killing five. The event spread rapidly in social media and the circulating information was in part unconfirmed data that later turned out to be incorrect. The purpose of this study was to generate recommendations regarding emergency communicators’ proactive work against false information and the spreading of rumors on social media, while at the same time be a foundation for future studies within crisis informatics. To achieve this purpose six respondents from Krisinformation.se and the Swedish police were interviewed and a timeline (Bilaga 3) was created in order to clarify the chain of events on social media during the act of terrorism. Analysis of data from the aggregated material has resulted in ten recommended measures applicable to proactive work against false information and spreading of rumors in social media. Measures that can be applied generally to actors within crisis management. These measures were: Practice; Monitor; Create material; Be quick, Be correct; Be present; Respond to rumors; Be available; Educate; Crowdsource.

This thesis investigates gossip and rumours through a narrative lens in order to understand what kind of stories emanated from eighteenth-century Stockholm, and what these stories reveal about the moral values and concerns of the urban community. Using records from the consistory court and the lower courts of Stockholm, the thesis sheds some light on the stories which tend to go under the radar, and gives insights into the subtle facets of urban life, wherein gossip nurtured a culture of speculation and suspicion.  By uncovering the narratives which preoccupied the urban population of Stockholm, some thematical patterns have emerged: people gossiped about sexual immorality, marital disorder, financial dishonesty, and perceived threats against the Lutheran faith. Typically, these stories seem to have emanated from the neighbourhood or the household. The study also shows that gossip and rumours told the stories of those who violated core moral values – stories that heavily relied on a repertoire of narrative tropes and figures to portray those who transgressed social and moral boundaries. These stories reveal a deep concern for – even fear of – the hidden threats in the urban fabric: immoral characters disguised as honest members of the community. As inversions of core values, these narrative stereotypes were perceived as dangerous threats to social order and unity, whose actions could have far-reaching implications for society at large. As such, these were symbolically charged and value-laden stories. Through highlighting the coercive aspects of these stories, this thesis also argues that gossip provided urban communities with an opportunity to voice collective concerns and protect community values by unmasking hidden threats, and control or stigmatise transgressors.

Avhandlingen beskriver och analyserar hur skolvalfriheten som policy, det vill säga uppfattad möjlighet och hot tar sig i uttryck i vardaglig praktik. Aspekter av diskurser, praktiker analyseras i avhandlingen utifrån olika aktörers handlingshorisonter. Avhandlingens kontext består av en urbant belägen lokal skolmarknad, inom vilken aktörers praktiker och strategier undersöks. Avhandlingen behandlas således hur ungdomar, familjer och skolprofessionella navigerar skolvalfriheten i en alltmer polariserad och storstadsregion. Teoretiskt ramas studien in av Pierre Bourdieu sociologi samt koncept från det kulturgeografiska fältet. Metodeoliskt bygger avhandlingen på empiri insamlat med etnografiska metoder under läsåret 2012-2013. I de fem empiriska kapitlen diskuteras hur föreställda geografier, skolhabitus, rykten och symboliska gränser förhandlas av studiens aktörer. I det avslutande kapitlet diskuteras och analyseras avhandlingens främsta bidrag. Kapitlet lyfter också några frågeställningar som måste adresseras för ett mer jämlikt utbildningssystem. / This thesis explores and analyses how school choices are made and perceived in an urban local school market. The thesis uses concepts from the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and theories working with the concept of place and space. Using ethnographical methods, it explores the geography of school choice, while the empirical material describes and analyses school choices in a local school market structured by socio-economic as well as symbolic boundaries. The five empirical chapters discuss and analyse imaginary geographies, school habitus, hot and cold knowledge, and symbolic boundaries. The concluding chapter discusses the main findings and addresses some questions regarding how to make the educational system more equitable.