Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-07T11:11:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carlosrobertolimaladeira.pdf: 2482685 bytes, checksum: b90ffa199573e38ddbce8d8ac0283585 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-07T15:03:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carlosrobertolimaladeira.pdf: 2482685 bytes, checksum: b90ffa199573e38ddbce8d8ac0283585 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T15:03:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carlosrobertolimaladeira.pdf: 2482685 bytes, checksum: b90ffa199573e38ddbce8d8ac0283585 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Estimar parâmetros de modelos dinâmicos de sistemas biológicos usando séries temporais é cada vez mais importante, pois uma quantidade imensa de dados experimentais está sendo mensurados pela biologia molecular moderna. Uma abordagem de resolução baseada em problemas inversos pode ser utilizada na solução deste tipo de problema. A escolha do modelo matemático é uma tarefa importante, pois vários modelos podem ser utilizados, apresentando níveis diversos de precisão em suas representações. A Teoria dos Sistemas Bioquímicos (TSB) faz uso de equações diferenciais ordinárias e expansões de séries de potências para representar processos bioquímicos. O Sistema S é um dos modelos usados pela TSB que permite a transformação do sistema original de equações diferenciais em um sistema algébrico desacoplado, facilitando a solução do problema inverso. Essa transformação pode comprometer a qualidade da resposta se o valor das derivadas nos pontos das séries temporais não for obtidos com precisão. Para estimar as derivadas pretende-se explorar o método do passo complexo, que apresenta vantagens em relação ao método das diferenças finitas, mais conhecido e utilizado. A partir daí pode então ser realizada a busca pelas variáveis que definirão as equações do sistema. O método da Regressão Alternada é um dos mais rápidos para esse tipo de problema, mas a escolha inicial dos parâmetros possui influência em seu resultado, que pode até mesmo não ser encontrado. Pretende-se avaliar o método da Entropia Cruzada, que possui a vantagem de realizar buscas globais e talvez por esse motivo a escolha dos parâmetros inicias não cause tanta influência nos resultados. Além disso, será avaliado um método híbrido que fará uso das principais vantagens do método da Regressão Alternada e do Entropia Cruzada para resolver o problema. Experimentos numéricos sistematizados serão realizados tanto para a etapa de estimativa das derivadas quanto para a etapa de otimização para obtenção dos parâmetros das equações do sistema. / Estimating parameters of dynamic models of biological systems using time series is becoming very important because a huge amount of experimental data is being measured by modern molecular biology. A resolution-based approach on inverse problems can be used in solving this type of problem. The choice of the mathematical model is an important task, since many models can be used, with varying levels of accuracy in their representations. The Biochemical Systems Theory (BST) makes use of ordinary differential equations and power series expansions to represent biochemical processes. The S-system is one of the models used by BST that allows the transformation of the original system of differential equations in a decoupled system of algebric equations, favouring the solution of the inverse problem. This transformation can compromise the quality of the response if the value of the derivatives at points of time series are not obtained accurately. To estimate the derivatives we intend to explore the complex-step method, which has advantages over the finite difference method, best known and used . So the search for the variables that define the equations of the system can be performed. The Alternating Regression method is one of the fastest for this type of problem, but the initial choice of parameters has influence on its performance, which may not even be found. We intend to evaluate the Cross-entropy method, which has the advantage of performing global searches and for this reason the choice of the initial search parameters does not cause as much influence on the results. Also, will be assessed a hybrid method that makes use of the main advantages of Alternating Regression and Cross-entropy to solve the problem. Systematic numerical experiments will be conducted for both the step of estimating derivatives as for the optimization step to estimate the variables of the equations of the system.

外商來我國投資設廠後，外商(尤其是美商)在執行勞工安全衛生管理成效比本國類似事業單位優異，一樣的勞工在相同法律下會有如此的差異呢？藉由美商台灣開利股份有限公司與杜邦公司的安全衛生管理實務，來探討其成功的因素。 當然安全衛生管理工作有部分，涉及到ISO機構的基本精神是希望消除各國除關稅以外的貿易障礙，與全球分工與公平競爭部份並非屬於本研究的主題。但就生命的尊重與員工照顧而言是值得我們肯定與借鏡。 他山之石可以攻錯之，外商大部分的員工都是本國同胞，在相同的國家文化與法律制度下，安全衛生績效成果皆比大部分本國的企業優異。我們就可以從幾個安全衛生管理關鍵因素來探討，希望以此探討以期能使我國的企業安全衛生工作更加確實，減少職業災害的發生。讓勞工能從考量自身安全為出發成為最注意本身安全的人，而非一般勞工普遍存在安全衛生是老闆的事，是安全衛生專責人員的事的謬誤。 老實說發生事故造成傷害或是不幸死亡時，是自己最親近的人和自己受到傷害。要保護自己的安全只有靠自己，別人總是沒有辦法隨時盯著你所以安全是必須靠自己的。 一、安全衛生管理 研究探討美商安全衛生管理稽核管理制度，相同的人員與法律制度下，在不同的安全衛生管理系統下所產生的管理結果卻是不同。發現安全衛生管理是屬於生產活動的一部份而且是有系統化的管理工作，是與生產活動相結合的必要行為。 二、勞動檢查機構 專業和有效的稽核檢查工作，使企業推行的安全衛生管理工作可以被專業的安全衛生稽核人員仔細且確實的稽核審查，並在稽核後做確實可行的改善方案，追蹤企業對安全衛生管理做持續改善；讓安全衛生管理工作可被企業確實推行。 三、政府勞動主管單位 以安全衛生成效作為鼓勵投資的項目之一，配合政府採購法、結合商業保險的優惠費率、職業災害保護法的教育訓練與提供實際有效的安全衛生管理技術給本國企業，改善勞工安全衛生管理工作；配合消防法建築法與環保相關法規的修訂來增進「本質安全」的安全衛生管理理念。 四、如何從被動經驗轉換成主動經驗。所謂主動經驗就是我們一般所說的再哪裡跌倒，就要從哪裡爬起來。但是這就必須付出十分慘痛的經驗──例如：受傷、失能傷害、殘廢、嚴重者喪失寶貴的生命。將別人的主動經驗（相對是我們的是被動經驗）轉為我們的主動經驗，就是將被動經驗轉為主動經驗，也就是說不用跌倒也可以學到經驗。就如同經濟活動的進步一般迅速，安全衛生管理是隨著經濟活動而衍生出來，相同的安全衛生管理也應該隨著經濟成長而使得安全衛生管理更有績效。 五、安全衛生管理的教育訓練 美商安全衛生管理的教育訓練是持續的並且是有系統化的會配合安全衛生政策、安全衛生風險評估、事故調查、傷害趨勢與勞動相關法規配合的教育訓練。將一系列安全衛生教育融入事業的生產行事曆中，讓安全教育訓練需求是來自事業體中的各個單位。 並且讓勞工能了解安全衛生工作是在保護勞動者本身安全，唯有自己保護自己才是最上策。經由美商企業的投資可將其安全衛生管理技術在本國紮根，並藉由員工的流動可將安全衛生管理技術傳遞。其實這種經驗的傳遞方式非常類似經濟進步的脈絡，例如：歐美從工業革命至今約200年，經濟發展才有今日的水準，日本約追趕了百年才有今日的成就，台灣像歐美及日本學習約30年就有今日的規模，中國大陸改革開放約10年成長速度之迅速無與倫比。這就是企業投資與經驗迅速傳授的重要例證；相信只要安全衛生管理的成效有如經濟投資般的誘因，也可以讓安全衛生管理系統快速在企業界發展起來。 用以介紹美商安全衛生管理制度優點為借鏡，來找出如何確實做好安全衛生工作；使得勞工安全衛生法律在執行上能確實保護勞工安全與健康；進而減少相關的社會問題，並減少勞資在安全衛生管理的爭議，企業營運成本降低，使得企業獲利增加；國民生產毛額增加，國民的實質所得增加，使我們能與工業先進國家競爭。 其實就整個社會經濟而言，這是個內在成本與外在成本的問題而已。今天企業若只考慮其本身營運成本而部投資在安全衛生上，就等於將其內部成本推給社會（政府），由納稅人來補貼企業投資者，將企業風險轉嫁給社會大眾，雖然企業投資者也可能是納稅人之一。更使得資源分配不均勻。所以說讓企業從事安全衛生的投資也是促進實現社會公平的方法之一。 我們上學讀書就是一種快速的經驗累積，如何將別人的經驗累積成自己的經驗的最快方法就是學習，而且是有系統的學習，就可以非常快速的累積前人的經驗。在安全衛生管理上也是如此，如何讓員工很快速了解危害與危害可能造成的傷害，進而保護自己避免危害到自己的最好方式就是合適的教育訓練和充分的溝通。也就是說他人所犯的錯誤 (我的被動經驗)經由安全衛生管理系統作有系統的事故調查，結構化的事故原因分析，透過宣導溝通管道來讓員工吸收該經驗，並且依照嚴密的管理系統來改善發生事故原因，並透過美商跨國公司宣導管道將改善措施分發給每一家子公司作預防性的管理措施，來抑制職業傷害發生，別人跌倒我們就要小心，不再重蹈覆轍。就是職業災害發生後的事故調查，並且將調查結果與改善方案公告週知，事故單位的經驗就轉成其他單位的主動經驗。可迅速從相關單位得到相關經驗，也就是說不用跌倒也可以得到經驗。 在本文中會再詳細討論將被動經驗傳承為主動經驗的有效方法與實例。並以成功案例作為本研究之範例來詳細說明。 / Why are the American companies’ branches in Taiwan that is good for Environment, Health & Safety management system than local companies? These are same employees and regulations in Taiwan, but different performance result of Environment, Health & Safety (EH&S) management system. That is this paper to research approaches. I have been worked at Carrier Taiwan and position in EH&S coordinator. I try to study and find out American companies as Carrier Taiwan Co., Ltd and Du Pont Taiwan Co., Ltd. Environment, Health & Safety management systems practice advantages. Moreover, introduce them to local companies to learn it and improvement Environment, Health & Safety management system. Then let local companies reduce occupational injury, further approach to save company compensation expenses. Other issues are suggestion government relevant departments to quick get experiences to amend laws and regulations to improve local companies Environment, Health & Safety management system performance. Protect labors to keep away injury and illness is my paper study approach.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariane Cintra Lemos de Moraes.pdf: 1025671 bytes, checksum: 8f816bcfbc6c32eadb60b2083685d4dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-05 / This work has its objective to analyze the programmatic norms nature and compare them with all other norms of law. This analysis will be made by a sociological observation of Niklas Luhmann s system theory and was chosen and justified because the failure of the traditional understanding of programmatic norms has failed, bringing more damage than good to law, causing more complexity and contingency, irritation and frustration to law and society comparing to others norms. Concepts as norms, constitutional norms, and juridical principles will be analyzed by Luhmannian terms as observation, difference, form, complexity, contingency, irritation and frustration. The core idea of this work is to answer to this question: comparing to other norms what is the difference between the programmatic norms and the others and what does it do to law. The answer of this question on a synthetic way is that those norms don not program anything because it s a communication as any other norms, but its difference rely upon the Constitution as peculiar program as structural coupling that units two autopoietic systems the law and politics / O presente trabalho objetiva analisar a natureza da norma programática e compará-la às demais normas do Sistema Jurídico. Esta análise será feita ante uma observação da teoria sistêmica de Niklas Luhmann. A escolha do tema justifica-se, eis que a tradicional análise da norma programática como diretriz do sistema jurídico mostra-se equivocada, e que ao contrário do que pretende, prejudica o próprio direito causando-lhe mais complexidade e contingência, mais frustações e irritações à sociedade e ao direito do que qualquer outra norma jurídica. Conceitos como norma jurídica, norma jurídica constitucional e princípio serão analizadas novamente, mas agora mediante conceitos luhmannianos como observação, diferença, forma, complexidade, contingência, expectativa, irritação e frustação. O cerne do trabalho reside na seguinte pergunta: em comparação às demais normas do direito, qual seria a peculiariedade das normas constitucionais programáticas e quais as conseqüências para o direito resultantes desta peculiaridade? Como resposta sintética a esta pergunta, o que se observa é que a norma programática não direciona coisa alguma porque é comunicação como qualquer outra comunicação jurídica, porém é diferente porque tem como programa a Constituição que é forma peculiar chamada acoplamento estrutural que une dois sistemas igualmente autopoiéticos, o sistema jurídico e o sistema política

In my thesis I focused on a group of heavily-adaptable Roma citizens. This group was defined as a group with elementary education who are unemployed and depending on the goverment assistance and aid. They receive government social welfare. The last criterion in stipulating the definition was that they lived socially separated on the edge of the society. Their lifestyle reflects their social status and has a huge impact on their health conditions of heavily-adaptable Roma citizens. The goals of my thesis were to find out specifications of health care of healthy and ill heavily-adaptable Roma Citizen, and to work out some standards and some structure for educetional principles. In the course of my research I focuseld on finding the factors that influence the work of nurses with the heavily-adaptable Roma citizens.