<p>En mängd forskning har gjorts kring kvinnors hinder att nå chefspositioner och vilka fördomar kvinnliga chefer möter. Många studier visar att fördomar bottnar i bristande överensstämmelse mellan den kvinnliga könsrollen och ledarskapsrollen. Syftet med studien (n = 683) var att undersöka attityder till ledarskap och jämföra hur män och kvinnor inom två könssegregerade yrkesgrupper, sjuksköterskor och poliser, attribuerar manliga respektive kvinnliga egenskaper till ledaregenskaper. Hypoteserna baserades bland annat</p><p>på social identitetsteori. Resultatet visade att bägge yrkesgrupper förknippade framgångsrikt ledarskap med både kvinnliga och manliga egenskaper. Dock var sjuksköterskors skattning av kvinnliga egenskaper kontra ledaregenskaper högre än deras skattning av manliga egenskaper i förhållande till ledaregenskaper. Signifikant högre grad av fördomsbenägenhet gentemot kvinnliga ledare kunde påvisas bland poliserna.</p> / <p>It has been shown that barriers and prejudice’s impede women’s progress to managerial levels. Studies show that prejudice’s derives from perceived sextyping of the managerial role. The aim of the present (n = 683) study was to examine attitudes towards leadership and compare how men and women within two gender segregated occupational groups, nurses and polices, attributes male and female characteristics to successful management. The hypotheses were based on social identity theory. Results revealed that both occupational groups associate successful management with both male and female characteristics. However, nurses’ valuation of female characteristics counter managerial characteristics was higher than their valuation of male characteristics versus managerial characteristics. A significant higher level of prejudice towards female leaders was found among polices.</p>

En mängd forskning har gjorts kring kvinnors hinder att nå chefspositioner och vilka fördomar kvinnliga chefer möter. Många studier visar att fördomar bottnar i bristande överensstämmelse mellan den kvinnliga könsrollen och ledarskapsrollen. Syftet med studien (n = 683) var att undersöka attityder till ledarskap och jämföra hur män och kvinnor inom två könssegregerade yrkesgrupper, sjuksköterskor och poliser, attribuerar manliga respektive kvinnliga egenskaper till ledaregenskaper. Hypoteserna baserades bland annat på social identitetsteori. Resultatet visade att bägge yrkesgrupper förknippade framgångsrikt ledarskap med både kvinnliga och manliga egenskaper. Dock var sjuksköterskors skattning av kvinnliga egenskaper kontra ledaregenskaper högre än deras skattning av manliga egenskaper i förhållande till ledaregenskaper. Signifikant högre grad av fördomsbenägenhet gentemot kvinnliga ledare kunde påvisas bland poliserna. / It has been shown that barriers and prejudice’s impede women’s progress to managerial levels. Studies show that prejudice’s derives from perceived sextyping of the managerial role. The aim of the present (n = 683) study was to examine attitudes towards leadership and compare how men and women within two gender segregated occupational groups, nurses and polices, attributes male and female characteristics to successful management. The hypotheses were based on social identity theory. Results revealed that both occupational groups associate successful management with both male and female characteristics. However, nurses’ valuation of female characteristics counter managerial characteristics was higher than their valuation of male characteristics versus managerial characteristics. A significant higher level of prejudice towards female leaders was found among polices.

This thesis seeks to understand collective practices of urban grassroots, rationalities behind the practices and their potential role in urban politics. The study used insurgent planning and co-production frameworks to highlight practices of the studied organization and adopted theories about relationship between the local and the global. The thesis addressed questions about collective practices for building self-reliance, practices that aim to directly engage the state and how being part of an international network of slum dwellers shapes the collective practices of the local organization. The research is based upon a case study of Zambian Homeless and Poor People’s Federation. The empirical data was collected during two months of fieldwork in Zambia using observations and semi-structured interviews. The results indicate that the studied organization uses elements of both insurgent planning and co-production in its practices. The federation starts with self-help and building financial assets to continue with practices aimed at engaging the state. The results suggest that, as an affiliate of an international network, the federation is influenced by the flow of ideas in the network and that the international cooperation has potential implications for the local urban politics.

In the past decade efforts to develop spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) have migrated from the initial “top-down” national approaches to “bottom-up” and cross jurisdictional efforts at the sub-national level. Although national SDI developments are fundamental to building the SDI culture and policy, it is sub-national and local SDI development that will deliver the immediate benefits to citizens and the community. In countries which have highly decentralised federations of states such as Australia, United States and Canada, the challenge is how to co-ordinate the literally thousands of often small local government jurisdictions which are important contributors to state and local SDIs. In recent years, a number of co-operative spatial data sharing partnerships between local and state government have emerged in various countries around the world. These partnerships are relatively new initiatives that have been established to facilitate more effective sharing of spatial data between organisations, but also as a mechanism to contribute to SDI development. To maximise the benefits from these partnerships it is essential to understand the factors that contribute to their successful operation and sustainability. Therefore, the focus of this research is to understand these collaborative arrangements so that future data sharing initiatives can be improved and sustained.

The development of a Regional Spatial Data Infrastructure (Regional SDI) is much more challenging than the development of a National SDI initiative within a nation. This is mainly because of the voluntary nature of cooperation at a multi-national level and participation in a Regional SDI initiative. As a result, despite considerable interest and activities, the development of an effective and comprehensive Asia-Pacific Regional Spatial Data Infrastructure (APSDI) is hampered by a lack of support from member nations which results in this initiative remaining only an innovative concept. Based on this situation, the aim of this research is to design an improved conceptual model for Regional SDI and an implementation strategy. It is proposed that this problem can be partly addressed by increasing the level of awareness about the nature and value of SDIs; improving the SDI conceptual model to better meet the needs of nations; and by identifying key factors that facilitate development by better understanding the complexity of the interaction between social, economic and political issues.

In response to a growing recognition of the importance of spatial information, the concept of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) has evolved. Designed to facilitate an environment that promotes access and sharing of spatial information, SDI development has benefited from, and in due course adopted, advances in information technology (particularly improvements in desktop computing capabilities and communication networks such as the Internet). / The never ceasing progression of technology now enables communication and data access via mobile phones and a myriad of portable, networked computing devices. Indeed over the last few years, the proliferation of mobile phones has exceeded many expectations and is enabling nomadic users to communicate and access data services with ease. Location is one of the unique characteristics of mobility that is encompassed by this form of wireless communication and has been capitalised on in the form of enhanced safety initiatives. In turn, the infrastructure required for these safety services has encouraged additional Location Based Services (LBS) to flourish / LBS act as spatial decision making tools, providing information to end users based on their location, or on the location of some target. LBS are not restricted to the wireless environment however this is their current area of promotion. The principles of accessing spatial information that are encompassed by LBS mirror those of SDIs, and as a result SDI models need to accommodate for this new medium of information access and delivery. This research aimed to expand the SDI model to support applications that assist with spatial decision making, such as LBS. Focused specifically on LBS that are accessible for wirelessly networked, portable devices, this research implemented a theoretical and practical approach to identify the additional requirements for SDIs in this domain. A prototype LBS application for public transport information and navigation was developed and evaluated as part of this process. It is proposed that the resulting model (which details the additional requirements as well as their relative importance) act as an example framework for future LBS implementations so that they may gain the benefits from a standard, integrated infrastructure as offered by SDIs.

Georreferenced information has been increasingly required for the planning and decision-making in different sectors of society. New ways of dissemination of data, such as the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web services, have contributed to the ease of access to this information. Even with all the technological advances in the area of data distribution, there is still low availability of georreferenced data about the Amazon. The goal of the present work is the development of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), that is, an environment of sharing and use of georreferenced data based on the technology of web services, metadata and interfaces that allow the user easy access to these data. The present work discussess the OGC patterns, the most relevant georeferrenced data servers, the main web clients, and the revolution in the dissemination of georeferrenced data which geobrowsers and web clients offered to regular users. Data to be released for the case study come from the project Exploitation of Non-wooden Forest Products-PFNM-in progress at the National Institute of Research in the Amazon-INPA-as well as from inventories of NGOs and other government bodies. Besides contributing to the enhancement of PFNM, this project aims at encouraging the use of GIS in the state of Amazonas offering tech support for the deployment of geographic databases and sharing between agencies, optimizing the resources applied in this area through the use of free software and integration of diffuse information currently available.

Georreferenced information has been increasingly required for the planning and decision-making in different sectors of society. New ways of dissemination of data, such as the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web services, have contributed to the ease of access to this information. Even with all the technological advances in the area of data distribution, there is still low availability of georreferenced data about the Amazon. The goal of the present work is the development of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), that is, an environment of sharing and use of georreferenced data based on the technology of web services, metadata and interfaces that allow the user easy access to these data. The present work discussess the OGC patterns, the most relevant georeferrenced data servers, the main web clients, and the revolution in the dissemination of georeferrenced data which geobrowsers and web clients offered to regular users. Data to be released for the case study come from the project Exploitation of Non-wooden Forest Products-PFNM-in progress at the National Institute of Research in the Amazon-INPA-as well as from inventories of NGOs and other government bodies. Besides contributing to the enhancement of PFNM, this project aims at encouraging the use of GIS in the state of Amazonas offering tech support for the deployment of geographic databases and sharing between agencies, optimizing the resources applied in this area through the use of free software and integration of diffuse information currently available.

This master’s thesis deals with the design of six channel SD, HD and 3G HD-SDI digital video signal converter to 10-Gigabit Ethernet. In the introductory part, the conception of designed device is formulated. The theoretical background is provided in four chapters, where main standards and design rules related to digital electronics’ design are analyzed. The emphasis is placed on signal integrity at high-speed interconnects. There mostly practical examples, calculations and simulations are utilized. The design part contains thorough description of main subsystems’ design, implementation of FPGA, SDI input channels and 10-Gigabit Ethernet PHY. In the final part, the first tests and measurements of the build prototype are summarized. As an example, the comparison of signal integrity simulation to measurement is provided.

Master´s thesis deals with creating circuit for receiving data from industrial camera. IP Core is designing for FPGA. Theoretical part of the work describes SDI interface, analysis of relevant SMPTE standards and specification of data format. The thesis include general characteristics of multigigabit transceivers. Practical part include VHDL description of SDI receiver. Thesis presents simulations of created circuit, implementation for real application and measurement results for signal transmission over slip ring.