Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 86-88). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 107-116). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 141-144). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

<p>The aim of this study is to examine the vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge in English among Swedish upper secondary school students. The primary material consists of two vocabulary tests, one collocation test, and a background questionnaire.</p><p>The first research question concerns whether the students who receive a major part of their education in English have a higher level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge in English than those who are taught primarily in Swedish. The second concerns if the students who started to learn English before the age of 7 have a higher level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge in English than those who started after 7. The third concerns if the level of the students' vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge correlates. The fourth addresses whether external inputs of English may have had an effect on the students' vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge level.</p><p>The results indicate that reinforcement of English through an education mostly in English has rendered a higher level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge in English. In addition, starting to learn English before age 7 also appeared to have had a positive effect on these levels. In addition, the results suggest that an early onset (before 7) of English compensates for lack of reinforcement of English. Conversely, reinforcement of English compensates for a late onset (after 7) of English. However, the results imply that the combination of an early onset (before 7) of English and reinforcement of English is the most efficient means to achieve a high level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge.</p><p>Moreover, a clear correlation was found between vocabulary knowledge and receptive collocation knowledge, which also points to the importance of a large exposure to English.</p><p>For the high performance students, external influences such as English in primary and secondary school, and a high motivation to learn English may have contributed to a higher language confidence, and possibly a higher level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge.</p><p> </p>

<p>The dissertation Reading Texts or ”Reality” investigate teachers use of interpretive communities in teaching literature in secondary school. It discusses how different learning outcomes generates from three interpretory frames for reading. Teachers can be looked upon as critics when they show unexperienced readers why and how they read an interprete literary texts. In their teaching,they don´t relate only to their students but also to thier own conception of subject matter and to a broader discourse in society that deals with questions of why and how we read literature. Following voices of the discourse are included in the study: eight teachers, curriculum texts, a journal for the profession and a journal för scholors.</p><p>Teachers combine several aims in their teaching of literature. They use literature to discuss life, gender and problems related to young people, text as faction. But, they also try to teach their students about narrathology and how to understand and interpretate fictional texts, text as fiction and a world of signs. The curriculum, however, means that literature is read only to gain knowledge about the world,oneself and other people. A contradiction is that one of the criterias for assement includes knowledge of texts and methodology from the academic subject. One of the other voices in the discourse, a journal for scholors, talk about the literary texts but very seldom about teaching the texts. Another voice, a journal for teachers in Swedish, follows the curriculum closely and discusses reading literature as a way to get knowledge of the world.</p><p>Research in subject matter didactics can investigate teaching, relate different aims to different outcomes and show possibilities for teaching literature and reading comprehension. If we choose only one interpretive community, we get one kind of reading comprehension.If we combine two in a complex teaching strategy, we extend learning and reading comprehension of our students.</p>

<p>Syftet med denna studie är att, utifrån ett matematikdidaktiskt perspektiv, undersöka hur derivata introduceras i gymnasiets kurs Matematik C. Vi har i huvudsak fokuserat på didaktik och kognitiv utveckling. I en genomgång av relevant litteratur har vi tagit del av teorier och resultat från tidigare forskning inom samma område. Litteraturen försöker besvara frågan om hur lärare på bästa sätt kan överbrygga kognitiva hinder och ge elever en djupare förståelse kring de matematiska sammanhangen.</p><p>Vårt material består av kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare från två skolor och ett antal läroböcker. Genomgången av intervjumaterialet har resulterat i fyra teman att använda som grund för hela studien: allmänt lärande, matematiklärande, derivatbegreppet samt visualisering.</p><p>De lärare vi intervjuar vill alla stimulera elevers intresse för mer avancerad matematik. I princip följer alla, både lärare och läromedel, samma ”mall” när de introducerar derivata. Man knyter gärna an till vardagshändelser och begrepp som till exempel hastighet.</p><p>Den litteratur vi använder, har många förslag och synpunkter på vilket sätt matematikundervisning bör bedrivas på denna nivå. I vissa avseenden skiljer sig dessa från hur intervjumaterialet visar att det verkligen går till. Vår förhoppning är att studien ska bidra till att både vi själva och andra får idéer om utveckling av undervisningen.</p>

<p>This degree project has studied how a changed preparation affected students' outcome of a laboratory exercise. Through use of cognitive load theory and sociocultural theory a guided writing of summary was designed. Students in secondary school were let to prepare for a laboratory exercise through a traditional teacher led introduction or the guided writing of summary. Data was collected as observations, worksheets, tests and evaluations. Results suggest that the guided writing of summary facilitated a construction of cognitive schema supporting students' method. This made them follow instructions and understand purpose of the laboratory exercise before and during the exercise in a better way than students preparing through a teacher led introduction. Furthermore students' perception of aim of the exercise shifted from theoretical work afterwards to theoretical work before and practical work during the exercise. This shows an improved understanding of links between theory and practice.</p> / <p>Detta examensarbete har studerat hur en förändrad förberedelse påverkade elevers utfall av en laborationsövning. Med stöd av kognitiv belastningsteori och sociokulturell teori designades ett väglett skrivande av sammanfattning. Studenter, i motsvarande grundskolans senare år, fick förbereda sig för en laboration genom en traditionell lärarledd introduktion eller det vägledda skrivandet av sammanfattning. Data samlades in i form av observationer, arbetshäften, tester och utvärderingar. Resultatet tyder på att den vägledda skriftliga sammanfattningen underlättade för en konstruktion av kognitivt schema vilket undelättade elevernas metod. Detta gjorde att de följde instruktioner och förstod mening med laborationen före och under denna på ett bättre sätt än elever som förberedde sig med en lärarledd introduktion. Vidare ändrades elevernas uppfattning om målet med laborationen från teoretiskt arbete efter övningen till teoretiskt arbete före och praktiskt arbete under laborationen. Detta visade på en ökad förståelse av kopplingar mellan teori och praktik.</p>

<h1>Abstract</h1><p>In this study, the conceptions of a number of teachers in the Swedish primary and lower-secondary school about cultural pluralism, the values connected to this pluralism by the <em>Curriculum for the Compulsory School System, the Pre-School Class and the Leisure-time Centre, Lpo 94</em>, and the possibilities for pupils to gain knowledge about these values, were studied. The conceptions of the teachers were regarded and interpreted as ideology, since the study was made from a point of departure containing an assumption about how the content of the curriculum is of importance for the development of relations of power and dominance between different groups in society. The purpose of the study was to interpret the statements of a limited number of teachers about cultural pluralism, values and knowledge, regarding the ontological, axiological and epistemological assumptions and conceptions expressed therein. The empirical data of the study was gathered through qualitative interviews with eleven teachers working in six different primary and lower-secondary schools in the Mid-Sweden region. The conceptions expressed in the statements given by the respondents were categorized. These categories were then interpreted through a typology containing four different types of ideology, here called restorative (implying a return to a social order of the past), transmissive (implying a conveyance of existing values, relations and conditions), moderative (implying short-term adjustments of existing institutions and conditions) and transformative (implying long-term and radical change) ideology. This interpretation showed that only fragmentary parts of the restorative and transformative types of ideology were expressed through the different assumptions and conceptions, while distinct and substantially developed expressions of transmissive as well as moderative ideology could be interpreted. This was discussed with reference to three different themes: the connotations conveyed by the concept of culture, the ideological content of official and semi-official documents of the curriculum – mainly Lpo 94 and the report (<em>Skola för bildning</em>) of the Committee of Curriculum – and the historically strong progressivist tradition in the Swedish school system.</p><p>Keywords: conceptions, cultural pluralism, curriculum, ideology, knowledge, primary and lower-secondary school, teachers, values.</p>

<p>The aim of this thesis is to find out if there is a gap between the formalization level and the realization level in the Namibian school system. Moreover, our aim is to figure out how we, as visiting teaching students, interpret the relationship between steering documents and the teaching in the classroom. In turn, the aim was used to formulate three different research questions: What can we experience while observing in the class room/at school? What do the interviewed teachers express concerning our asked questions? What are the main differences between the two latest steering documents?</p><p>The reason why we decided to do a study about the school system in Namibia is because it is a young country, it was proclaimed independent in 1990. Therefore we think it is interesting to study how the school system and its political steering documents have developed over the years.</p><p>Our theoretical framework includes the concept of curriculum, reconceptualism and cultural issues. Our focal point has been on the following three perspectives, democracy, gender and learner centred education.</p><p>The method we used in this study is triangulation, in this case analyzing political steering documents, interviewing teachers and other people connected to the school and finally class room observations. The attitudes to the three above mentioned perspectives vary amongst the interviewed personnel This study as come to the conclusion that there is a gap between the formalization level and realization level.</p>