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There are more refugees in the world than ever. There seems to be differences in reactions towards refugees depending on where they are fleeing from. The war in Ukraine shines a light on this issue. This study aims to increase knowledge of what contributes to the conceptions that sets the foundation for how refugees are represented. The questions answered are: How do Swedish political parties represent refugees in the beginning of the Ukraine refugee situation 2022 and the refugee situation in 2014 - 2016? How can differences over time and between political parties be understood through theories of othering, securitization and welfare chauvinism? This is answered through a text analysis using material from the three biggest Swedish parties from the two different time periods. A WPR-method is employed to analyze both different representations of refugees over time and how refugees are framed by different political parties. The results show that the parties express more solidarity towards Ukraine refugees and more distrust towards non-European refugees. There are clear signs of othering, securitization and welfare chauvinism especially from the Sweden Democrats but also from the Moderate Party while the Social Democrats tend to focus more on concepts of solidarity.

This thesis answers the question of how public opinion toward refugees and asylum-seekers expressed in opinion polls compares with that expressed through commentary on news articles posted by Cable News Network (CNN) on social media. Using a study of 2,022 Facebook comments regarding the plight of Syrian child Omran Daqneesh during the 2016 United States presidential election campaign, it reveals competing narratives in favor of and against the opening of American borders to individuals escaping conflict in Syria. The analysis of textual data encompasses themes of securitization and cosmopolitanism, the results of which provide clarity and texture to complement existing opinion poll data. While such polls provide snapshots of public opinion, an analysis of social media commentary reveals more clearly what and how people were thinking about Syrian refugees fleeing conflict and entering the United States at a specific point in time. This study leads to a heightened understanding of the nuances contributing to public opinion of refugee policies and assesses social media's capacity to reveal complexities of citizens' thinking. / Master of Arts / As the 2011 Syrian Civil War continues to engulf the Middle Eastern country, waves of civilians displaced by the conflict are forced to flee their homes as refugees and seek asylum in regions such as North America and Europe. In this thesis, I study the attitudes expressed on Facebook, a popular social media website, by members of the public in order to understand their reasons for supporting and opposing the resettlement of Syrian refugees in the United States. I expected that security concerns would be a primary motive for opposing refugee resettlement and anticipated that supporters would promote more open borders and a responsibility to protect Syrians’ human rights. My analysis confirmed that security, primarily against terrorism and acts of violence, is important for those who oppose bringing Syrian refugees into the United States. It also reveals that most of the online commenters were less concerned with terrorism and more concerned with the wellbeing of civilians escaping conflict. My analysis also found a segment of commenters voicing more moderate opinions: posters in this group support refugee resettlement if certain conditions are met or they support only certain types of refugees. I also compare the sentiment expressed in social media commentary to that documented by opinion polling during the same period.

The main objective of this paper is to analyze how the concept of security within the EU's Eastern Partnership (EaP) has evolved over time in response to the shifting security landscape in the Eastern neighborhood. The research aims to determine if securitization has become more prevalent in the EaP and how the security concept has shifted since the EaP's inception. Basing it on a qualitative strategy and supplemented with quantitative methods, the research used content analysis on selected key terms in official EaP documents spanning from 2009 to 2021. The coding was focused on ‘security’ and terms associated with it coupled with additional terms of ‘economic integration’; ‘stability’; ‘strategic’; ‘prosperity’; and ‘common values’. Securitization theory, rooted in constructivism, was used to explain how securitizing actors utilize speech acts to draw attention to issues. Findings indicate that ‘security’ has become more prevalent over the years and that it has evolved from dealing with ‘energy security’ to involving new types of security, such as ‘human security’ and ‘cyber security.’ Other non-security related terms, especially ‘economic integration’, has become less prevalent over the years. The results indicate the EaP is shifting its focus from economic integration to securitization, with 'Security' emerging as the new primary goal, encompassing areas like cyber and human security in response to Russian destabilization efforts. Future EU policies, particularly after the next EaP summit, are expected to further emphasize security, potentially including military aspects, especially considering the EU's support for Ukraine. The causes of this shift are complex, involving both reactive adaptations by the EU and strategic moves to counter Russian influence, necessitating further research post-summit on the evolving nature of securitization in the EaP.

Asset securitization is one of the most important financial innovations recently. With an impressive growth in terms of volume of issuance, from almost zero to five trillion USD, in a period of 15-20 years, it is one of the most rapidly growing markets in the financial world. Yet, little is known about this, literally invisible market. Companies engage in asset securitization for a variety of reasons and numerous advantages and disadvantages of asset securitization can be found throughout the literature. Asset securitization has an impact on a number of stakeholder groups: shareholders, managers, employees, investors, the financial markets and ultimately the overall economy and society. Asset securitization is one of the reasons for the financial crisis that started in mid 2007. Since the recent financial turmoil, it became clear the asset securitization was the primary funding source for companies in the financial industry and it was the primary supplier of credit in developed economies. Because of its importance and impact, it is very important that we study the reasons, the motivations, the consequences and the effects from this so powerful financial innovation. And it is important to study it from as many different aspects as possible. Many questions surrounding asset securitization are unanswered and it is important to answer them sooner. This study investigates the wealth effects from asset securitization on the shareholders of the securitizing companies. We study whether the announcement about a pending securitization transaction has any impact on the stock price of the securitizing company. That way we can discover whether asset securitization creates wealth, destroys wealth or has no impact on wealth at all. Not many studies have been done on this topic so far. The existing seven studies are focused mainly on the US and the EU market and report contradicting results. In this study, for the first time, data from Australia is being used. The Australian securitization market is the second, single most active securitization market in the world, after the US market. We conduct quantitative analysis on a sample of 98 securitization transactions during the period 2000-2006. With this sample, we cover almost 29% of the number of securitization transactions during that period and almost 39% in terms of volume of issuance. To analyze the data we use standard event study methodology, common for this type of studies.    Our analysis reveals that investors in Australia do not perceive asset securitization favorably. Securitizing companies’ stock price decreases in the 10 days around the securitization announcement day, resulting in statistically significant wealth losses for the originating companies’ shareholders. Furthermore, the wealth losses are significant for less frequent securitizers, for securitizers that engage in small volume securitization transactions and for securitizing companies with low asset quality.    With this study we make theoretical and practical contribution. We lend empirical support to the previous theories and we help managers, shareholders and investors shape their forecasts.

This paper aims to investigate a medial construction of securitization. It aims to comprehend the way a discourse of securitization is constructed and in what sense a certain group of immigrants are constructed as an existential threat within it. With postcolonialism, discourse theory and securitization theory providing the theoretical framework the discourse of a far-right internet newspaper is analysed. It is argued that the discourse indeed ought to be considered a discourse of securitization while also maintaining that the relevant group of immigrants are constructed as an existential threat. What this paper thus argues, is that, at least to a limited extent, a securitization of migration is occuring in Swedish far-right media.

The scope of this study is to analyse the phenomenon climate migration through the theories Securitization, Externalization of Border and World Systems Analysis. The study seeks answers to how factors and structures have limited the rights of climate refugees in the modern world system by analysing what obstacles and opportunities exist on the issue. The World System Analysis explains the underlying structures of the current world system and how it has generated climate migration as well as states' desire to preserve their sovereignty. The World System Analysis can also provide an explanation how these structures have led to a securitization of migration, which manifests itself through the implementation of several mechanisms such as Externalization of Border to stop the imaginary threat that climate refugees are viewed as. The study was conducted via qualitative text analysis of carefully selected articles and books to bring several relevant perspectives to the study. The study formulates conclusions based on both historical- and contemporary events to bring clarity to the issue on what space climate refugees have in the modern world system.

Zugl.: Bonn, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007. / Literaturverz.

This diploma thesis deals with a considerable innovation of modern finance, insurance securitization. For better understanding of this concept it is important to consider insurance securitization in a broader context of financial securitization, which is presented in the first chapter. In the second part of this work the factors which have led to the development of insurance securitization are mentioned. Then there is a short comparison of insurance securitization with financial securitization and description of various secured products with discussing their positive and negative aspects. Finally, the thesis is concluded with some thoughts regarding the near future of insurance securitization. The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate using of insurance securitization as an alternative way of transfer risk, analyze its weaknesses and propose possible solutions.