Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-06-15T11:35:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tamiresmartinhaomachado.pdf: 4666656 bytes, checksum: b71e71df107c39709c20a42e1c35c2c6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-09-03T16:06:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tamiresmartinhaomachado.pdf: 4666656 bytes, checksum: b71e71df107c39709c20a42e1c35c2c6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T16:06:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tamiresmartinhaomachado.pdf: 4666656 bytes, checksum: b71e71df107c39709c20a42e1c35c2c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Vidros transparentes do sistema vítreo 0.95TeO2-(0.05-x)Sb2O3–xCuO contendo nanopartículas de cobre foi preparado com sucesso pelo método convencional de fusão – resfriamento dos materiais precursores, utilizando a rota redox do óxido de antimônio. Esta técnica de preparação de vidros permite a produção de nanopartículas metálicas durante a fusão dos materiais, através da reação de oxidação Sb3+ → Sb5+ + 2e-, que permite a redução de íons metálicos. A investigação estrutural foi realizada por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), difração de raios X (DRX) e espectroscopia Raman. Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM) e espectroscopia UV-visível evidenciaram a formação de clusters de nanopartículas de cobre cúbicas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em meio a matriz vítrea. A eficácia dos efeitos plasmônicos das nanopartículas de cobre promoveu a intensificação da fluorescência dos íons érbio. A interação da radiação excitante e amostra levou ao processo de excitação térmica, promovendo o aumento da população de níveis de energia específicos dos íons érbio, com consequente resposta óptica, evidenciada pela estrutura vibrônica presente no espectro de fluorescência dos vidros de teluritos contendo nanopartículas de cobre dopados com íons érbio. Além disso, os efeitos plasmônicos das nanopartículas de cobre na intensificação das emissões no infravermelho e conversão ascendente nos vidros de teluritos co-dopados com íons Yb3+/Ce3+/Er3+ sob excitação em 980 nm também foram investigados. As contribuições dos íons Yb3+ e Ce3+ também foram discutidas. A eficiência da ressonância do plasmon de superfície localizado (LSPR) das nanopartículas de cobre promoveu um melhoramento de cerca de 47% da emissão em 1550 nm dos íons Er3+. Além disso, o tempo de decaimento da transição Er3+: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 aumentou em cerca de 50% na amostra contendo nanopartículas de cobre. Finalmente, os vidros de teluritos contendo nanopartículas de cobre apresentaram resultados interessantes quando utilizados como substratos para obtenção de espectros Raman intensificados por superfície (espectros SERS), sendo obtidos satisfatoriamente espectros SERS para soluções de 2,2’-bipiridina 1,0 × 10-5 mol.L-1 e do corante azul do Nilo 1,0 × 10-7 mol.L-1. / Transparent 0.95TeO2-(0.05-x)Sb2O3-xCuO glassy system containing copper nanoparticles were successfully prepared by the conventional melt quenching method of starting materials, using the antimony oxide redox route. This technique allows the production of metallic nanoparticles during melting, through the reaction Sb3+ → Sb5++ 2e-, which leads to the reduction of metallic ions. The structural investigation was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy image (TEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy evidenced the formation of cubic copper nanoparticles, randomly embedded in the glassy matrix. The effectiveness of the plasmonic effects of the copper nanoparticles provided the enhancement of the fluorescence of the erbium ions. The interaction between excitant radiation and sample led to the thermal excitation, which increased the population of specific energy levels of erbium ions, with consequent optical response into vibronic structure, as can be seen in the erbium-doped tellurite glasses containing copper nanoparticles. Furthermore, the plasmonic effects of the copper nanoparticles on the enhancement of the infrared and upconversion emissions intensities in the Er3+/Yb3+/Ce3+ co-doped transparent tellurite glasses under 980 nm laser diode excitation were investigated. The roles of Yb3+ and Ce3+ as sensitizers are also discussed. The effectiveness of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the copper nanoparticles provided an improvement about 47% of the 1550 nm luminescence intensity of the Er3+ ions. Moreover, the lifetime of the Er3+: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition increased around 50 % in the copper nanoparticle containing samples. Finally, the tellurite glasses containing copper nanoparticles showed interesting results as substrates for obtainment of surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS spectra) and SERS spectra were satisfactorily obtained for 2,2'-bipyridine 1.0 × 10 -5 mol.L-1 and Nile blue dye 1.0 × 10-7 mol.L-1 solutions.

Majoriteten av alla akademifotbollsspelare i Sverige idag blir nekade ett seniorkontrakt och får därmed söka sig till ett nytt lag. Ett sådant besked är tufft att få, men behöver inte betyda att eliten inte kan nås genom alternativa vägar utanför eliten. Därav är syftet med denna studie att undersöka fotbollsspelare från pojkakademilags upplevda väg till eliten efter att ha blivit bortselekterade från seniorkontrakt vid karriärövergången junior till senior. Denna studie undersöker upplevelserna hos sju herrfotbollsspelare som idag spelar i Superettan eller Allsvenskan. Genom arbete som bestått av intervjuer och reflexiv tematisk analys har två stycken tematiska kartor skapats. Den första tematiska kartan hänvisar till den första frågeställningen ”Vilka upplevelser och copingstrategier har elitsatsande juniorfotbollsspelare till att bli bortselekterade under JST och fortsätta sina karriärer utanför elitfotbollen?". Två huvudteman benämns som "Bortselekteringens eftermäle" som följs av tre stycken underteman, och "Den fortsatta fotbollskarriären utanför eliten" med sex stycken underteman. Den andra tematiska kartan berör studiens andra frågeställning,"Vilka upplevelser och copingstrategier har seniorfotbollsspelare av att ta steget till elitfotbollen efter en tidigare seniorkarriär på amatörnivå?". Tre stycken huvudteman benämns som "De två olika dörrarna till eliten" med två stycken underteman, "Elitfotbollens natur" med sex stycken underteman, och "Att kliva ur fotbollsbubblan och fotbollsidentiteten för en hållbar karriär" med två stycken underteman.4Dessa övergripande teman har en kronologisk ordning och redogör bland annat för erfarenheter såsom utmaningar, resurser och strategier. Vidare anses fortsatt forskning inom området i form av att studera idrottares upplevelser av en bortselektering vara av värde. / Today, the majority of all academy football players in Sweden become rejected to receive a senior contract and are thus forced to find a new team. Such a message is tough to receive but does not have to mean that the elite is not reachable through alternative paths outside of the elite. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine football players from academy teams’ experienced paths toward the elite, after having been rejected to receive a senior contract when doing the junior-to-senior career transition. Present study reviewed the experiences from seven male football players who are currently playing in Superettan or Allsvenskan. Through the process containing of interviews and reflexive thematic analysis, two thematic maps were created. The first map answers the first question ”What experiences and coping strategies does the elite investing junior players have to be deselected during the JST and to continue their carrers outside of elite football? Two main themes called ”Bortselekteringens eftermäle” that has three sub themes, and ”Den fortsatta fotbollskarriären utanför eliten” with six subthemes. The second thematic map answers the second question ” What experiences and coping strategies does seniorfootballers have to take the step to the elite after a career in amateur football?” Three main themes are presented as ”De två olika dörrarna till eliten” with two substhemes, ”Elitfotbollens natur” with sic subthemes, and ”Att kliva ur fotbollsbubblan och fotbollsidentiteten för en hållbar karriär” with two subthemes. These overall themes are presented in chronological order and cover experiences as, for example, challenges, resources, and strategies. Lastly, further investigations in the area in terms of studying athletes experiences of being rejected to receive a 6senior contract, is claimed to of value.

La philosophie nous dit Pascal ne vaudrait pas même une heure de peine si elle ne rendait la vie moins tragique. Quoi de plus tragique que la maladie d’Alzheimer ? Cette maladie neurodégénérative va modifier l’ identité sédimentée depuis la naissance qui s’étiole au point de ne plus reconnaitre les visages familiers, de se perdre dans des endroits familiers, et ne plus être capable de parler, d’exprimer ses émotions. Comment interroger le sentiment d’exister ? Comment révéler le souffle de l’esprit qui murmure encore une envie de vivre ? Pour se sentir exister ne faut- il pas non seulement ressentir des émotions, mais les analyser, les communiquer et méta-communiquer ? Mais quand il s’agit de malades d’Alzheimer qu’en est-il puisqu’ils sont de-mens ? Pour que l’esprit se manifeste nous prendrons des chemins de traverse dans cette sollicitation sensorielle : le goût sera réveillé par le goût des autres, le toucher par cette main noueuse dans la notre et le toucher du cœur, la vue par le regard et la perception de soi, l’odorat dans les parfums de la mémoire, l’ouïe par les sons, les cris, la parole, la prosodie et la musique qui berce les chagrins et qui nous émeuvent. Autant d’interrogations que de questions d’éthiques du quotidien: Esprit qui es-tu ? Esprit es-tu là dans ce visage figé? Esprit es-tu là dans ces mots qui butent ?, dans ces traits d’humour, dans ces rêves ? Esprit es-tu là dans ce corps qui lui aussi se délite ? Cet être précaire, fragile et vulnérable interroge les limites, les frontières, les confins entre la de-mens-folie et la démence dégénérative, la philosophie, l’anthropologie et les sciences humaines et les trois spécialités médicales que sont la psychiatrie, la neurologie et la gériatrie. C’est dans ce tissage imparfait, dans ce travail d’équilibriste qui interroge, les lisières de l’altérité que nous forgerons notre concept d’ontologie des confins. Riche de ces partages qui viennent interroger les liens de l’esprit et de l’âme, du corps et de la chair, notre travail proposera, à la manière kantienne une anthropologie philosophique des patients atteints de la maladie d’Alzheimer et tentera de répondre à ces quatre questions : Que puis-je savoir? Que puis-je faire et comment faire? Que m'est-il permis d'espérer ? En partant de ce que nous percevons mais aussi de ce que « nous apercevons» nous conceptualiserons une éthique des petites perceptions reprenant ici les théories de Leibniz qui accorde à l’humain « la potentialité de la raison, une certaine raison par intermittence, une raison à éclipse », que l’on peut retrouver chez les malades d’Alzheimer, au point qu’elle soit imperceptible pour la plupart des hommes.Alors esprit es-tu là? La réponse jaillit pleine de surprises et de joies dans ces pages. / The philosophy says Pascal would not be worth even a sentence of time if it made the least tragic life. What could be more tragic than Alzheimer's disease? For this neurodegenerative disease will alter identity sedimented from birth that is fading to the point of not recognizing familiar faces, not to be able to perform simple gestures, to get lost in familiar places, and not being able to speak, to express emotions, out of the human world to take root in the plant world. How to query the sense of existence? How to reveal the breath of the spirit which still murmur and until the end. To feel alive must we do to be able to listen to oneself, not only feel emotions, but analyze, communicate and meta-communicate; but when it comes to Alzheimer's patients that is it because they are de-mens? What makes sense it is precisely the senses and emotions. For the spirit is manifest we will take short cuts in this sensory solicitation: the taste will be awakened by the taste of others, by touching this gnarled hand in our and touch the heart, view the look and self-perception, smell the scents in the memory, hearing by sounds, cries, speech, prosody and music that rocks the sorrows and that move us. So many questions that ethical issues of daily life: Spirit who are you? Spirit are you there in these words stumble? In those flashes of humor in these dreams? Esprit are you here in this body also disintegrates? This being precarious, fragile and vulnerable challenge the limits, borders, the borders between the de-mens-madness and degenerative dementia, philosophy, anthropology and humanities and three medical specialties such as psychiatry, neurology and geriatrics. It is in this imperfect weaving in this work balancing questioner, edges of otherness that we will develop our confines of ontology concept. Rich those shares that come to question the bonds of spirit and soul, body and flesh, our job offer, like Kant's philosophical anthropology of patients with Alzheimer's disease and attempt to answer these four questions: What do I know? What can I do and how to do? What may I hope? Starting from what we perceive but also that "we see" conceptualiserons us an ethical perceptions of small repeating here the theories of Leibniz which grants the human 'potentiality of reason, some reason intermittently, one reason to eclipse "that can be found in Alzheimer's patients, so that it is imperceptible to most men.So mind are you there? The answer springs full of surprises and joy in these pages.

AbstractKeywords: Brand image, brand identity, sponsorship, betting, football, branding. Purpose: How does Swedish Elite Football (SEF) work with its main sponsors Unibet and OBOS based on its brand identity and how is this perceived through brandimage? Methodology: The study is based on a qualitative approach. With semi-structured interviews and document analysis, we have collected material that has been processed through a thematic analysis. Theory: Theoretical starting points in this study are the concepts of brand image, brand identity and positioning. Results and conclusions: Previous research showed that gambling addiction and a normalization of betting were consequences formed in England since 1992 after a high exposure of gambling companies. This led to unhealthy betting behaviour, especially among adolescents, which may have affected the league's reputation. In our analysis, we investigated SEF's use of a privately owned gaming company as the main sponsor from a brand perspective. Based on SEF's brand identity, the organization will now be associated with Unibet in their exposure and marketing, which also means that their association will fall on SEF. Thus, SEF needs to create a good brand image for the gaming company, which it tries to do through different types of projects. Hemmaklubben and Unicoach are social projects that will develop Swedish football by, for example, training coaches further to develop better own products from the academies. SEF and Unibet have also initiated work against gambling addiction. They explain the project as that the problem is something that affects both organizations and should therefore be solved by the organizations. In this way, they want to inform the public that there are many benefits to the new collaboration, which are factors that strengthen SEF's identity. Based on our review of previous material, we can ́t see any previous studies where private betting companies as the main sponsor of a league social projects have done to counteract unhealthy betting behaviour, which SEF and Unibet do. From this point of view, we believe that the view of SEF's brand is partly dependent on the results the social projects will show. At present, SEF believes that they have received a positive response after turbulent discussions when the collaboration became official. Social projects have calmed the storm and supporters are probably waiting for the consequences of the values the collaboration can have. Thus, brand identity is probably dependent on positive results of the projects to be able to show that the organizations do have a value for Swedish Elite Football. This will then lead to a perception (brand image) about the organization. In further studies, we would like to see further research5on the organization's brand image to see how this has actually been received by supporters of SEF and whether the projects have been successful or not.

Ce travail de thèse concerne les circuits ultra-rapides pour la conversion analogique numérique performante en technologie bipolaire à hétérojonctions sur substrat Indium Phosphore (TBDH/InP). L'étude s'intéresse à la fonction principale qui est l'échantillonnage blocage. Elle a été menée par simulation de l'ensemble des blocs composant cette fonction. En particulier une étude extensive des cœurs des circuits Echantillonneurs/Bloqueurs a été effectuée pour différents paramètres électriques pour aboutir à des valeurs optimales réalisant un compromis entre la bande passante la résolution et la linéarité.Des architectures de circuits Echantillonneurs/Bloqueurs (E/B) avec ou sans l'étage d'amplification à gain variable ont été conçues, optimisées, réalisées et caractérisées et des performances à l'état de l'art ont été obtenues : des circuits E/B de bande passante supérieure à 50 GHz et cadencées à 70 Gs/s ont été réalisés pour les applications de communications optiques et des circuits de bande passante supérieure à 16 GHz cadencés à (2-8) Gs/s ont été réalisés pour la transposition de fréquence. / This thesis concerns the design of high speed circuits in Indium phosphide heterojunction Bipolar technology for High performance analog to digital conversion (ADC).The study focuses on the Track and Hold block (THA) which is the main function of the ADC. The study was conducted by simulating all blocks of the THA circuit. In particular, an extensive study of the THA main block was performed for various electrical parameters to achieve optimal conditions in order to obtain a good tradeoff between resolution bandwidth and linearity. THA architectures circuits with or without Voltage Gain Amplifier stage were designed, optimized and characterized. High THA performances were achieved: THA circuit with a bandwidth greater than 50 GHz at 70 Gs/s were achieved for optical communications and circuits of bandwidth more than16 GHz at (2-8 GS /s) have been realized for down conversion operation.

As cidades do mundo, atualmente, abrigam mais da metade da população do planeta. A cidade de São Paulo possui a maior população urbana do continente sul americano, e está entre as cinco maiores cidades do mundo. A fim de organizar o espaço urbano com vistas ao desenvolvimento e controlar a construção das edificações para que mantenham condições aceitáveis de habitabilidade e segurança para si e para o seu entorno, a cidade de São Paulo vem criando leis urbanas, como Zoneamento de 1972 e de 2004, com o objetivo de ordenar o uso e a ocupação do solo, e os Códigos de Obras, como os de 1934, 1975 e 1992, que fixaram os parâmetros de construção das edificações. No entanto, grande parte de sua população constrói suas moradias de forma irregular ou clandestina, sem levar em conta as regras urbanas impostas por essas leis. Este trabalho irá investigar as causas dessa informalidade, em especial as habitações produzidas pela população de mais baixo poder aquisitivo, e procurará trazer soluções para o problema. / At the present moment in the cities of the world lives more than the half of the population of the planet. The city of São Paulo has the largest urban population of the South American continent, and is among the five largest cities in the world. In order to organize the urban space taking into account the development and to control the construction of buildings to maintain acceptable conditions of habitability and safety for the population and the environment, the city of São Paulo has issued laws such as Urban zoning of 1972 and 2004 to organize the use and utilization of the land, and the Building code, as the 1934, 1975 and 1992, to set parameters for construction of buildings. However, a lot of its population build their houses in a irregular or illegal manner, without taking into account the urban regulations imposed by these laws. This work investigates the causes of these irregularities, in particularly the houses build by the more poor population and tries to produce solutions to the problem.

As cidades do mundo, atualmente, abrigam mais da metade da população do planeta. A cidade de São Paulo possui a maior população urbana do continente sul americano, e está entre as cinco maiores cidades do mundo. A fim de organizar o espaço urbano com vistas ao desenvolvimento e controlar a construção das edificações para que mantenham condições aceitáveis de habitabilidade e segurança para si e para o seu entorno, a cidade de São Paulo vem criando leis urbanas, como Zoneamento de 1972 e de 2004, com o objetivo de ordenar o uso e a ocupação do solo, e os Códigos de Obras, como os de 1934, 1975 e 1992, que fixaram os parâmetros de construção das edificações. No entanto, grande parte de sua população constrói suas moradias de forma irregular ou clandestina, sem levar em conta as regras urbanas impostas por essas leis. Este trabalho irá investigar as causas dessa informalidade, em especial as habitações produzidas pela população de mais baixo poder aquisitivo, e procurará trazer soluções para o problema. / At the present moment in the cities of the world lives more than the half of the population of the planet. The city of São Paulo has the largest urban population of the South American continent, and is among the five largest cities in the world. In order to organize the urban space taking into account the development and to control the construction of buildings to maintain acceptable conditions of habitability and safety for the population and the environment, the city of São Paulo has issued laws such as Urban zoning of 1972 and 2004 to organize the use and utilization of the land, and the Building code, as the 1934, 1975 and 1992, to set parameters for construction of buildings. However, a lot of its population build their houses in a irregular or illegal manner, without taking into account the urban regulations imposed by these laws. This work investigates the causes of these irregularities, in particularly the houses build by the more poor population and tries to produce solutions to the problem.

全文計七章：共二十三節，約十萬餘字。 　　第一章　緒論，就本論文的研究動機與目的、研究問題與資料，研究途徑與方法等加以說明。 　　第二章　敘述海協會的成立的仍是國際環境，兩岸政治背景互動下的產物，本章就是依上述方向加以探討。 　　第三章　詳細說明海協會成立的意圖，基本職能、組織結構，並對主要成員言論加以分析。 　　第四章　針對海協會在中共當前對台政策及組織中的角色與功能深入分析。 　　第五章　研究海協會在目前兩岸互動中的運作功能，分就兩岸仲介團體加以比較，海協會實際運作功能探討，以及兩會運作後所面對的問題進行分析與說明。 　　第六章　簡析本論文對兩會會談成果、影響因素、以及對兩會未來運作之期望。 　　第七章　結論，就海協會的綜合性目的、功能、以及對未來可能的發展進行評估與說明。

Cette thèse contribue aux recherches menées dans le cadre de la restauration du mouvement sous stimulation électrique fonctionnelle (SEF) chez les paraplégiques. L'étude porte sur l'estimation de la posture à partir d'efforts volontairement exercés sur les poignées d'un cadre de support. Ceci est posé comme un problème de satisfaction de contraintes et résolu au travers d'algorithmes basés sur l'analyse par intervalles. Les contraintes sont définies à partir d'un modèle cinématique du corps humain. La méthodologie est capable de prendre en compte les incertitudes relatives aux quantités mesurées ou connues a priori. Des ensembles de postures solutions sont calculés et l'incertitude qui leur est associée est rigoureusement caractérisée. La méthode à été d'abord validée expérimentalement avec des sujets valides, utilisant deux capteurs d'efforts six-axes équipés sur les poignées d'un cadre de support, et fut finalement mise en oeuvre lors d'expérimentations avec des patients paraplégiques.

O presente trabalho propõe uma investigação sobre as possibilidades do uso da prática da arte marcial chamada Kildo Self Defense voltada a técnicas de preparação de atores para a cena. Empregando essas práticas marciais, realizou-se a preparação corporal dos atores do Grupo Farsa, de Porto Alegre, durante o processo de criação do espetáculo para crianças A Roupa Nova do Rei. Com o objetivo de alcançar uma melhor disposição e presença dos atores em cena, buscou-se criar um treinamento que funcionasse como alicerce para a preparação dos atores, a ser utilizado em trabalhos posteriores do grupo. Este estudo foi construído a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas e estudos práticos sobre os efeitos das técnicas marciais e suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento das possibilidades corporais do ator e para sua eficácia em cena. / The present work intends an investigation about the possibilities to use the practice from the martial art of Kildo Self Defense as a technique for actor‟s in preparation for a scene. Making use of this martial arts techniques, the preparation of the actor‟s body was accomplished by the Grupo Farsa, from Porto Alegre, during the creation process of the play for children “The King‟s New Clothes”. The purpose was to search for a better actor‟s arrangement and presence in the scene, looking for a training that serves from base to preparation of the actor‟s, to being use in future works. This study was analyzed by means of bibliography research, interviews and practical studies about the effects of the martial art techniques and its contribution to the actor and the scene.