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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Does motivational disposition predict the efficacy of a goals-based self-help intervention for improving well being?

Lyle, Gary January 2018 (has links)
Background: Self-help interventions can be useful in improving well-being and improving symptoms of low-level mental health problems. Goal-setting has also been found to be linked to well-being. In order to maximise the benefit of any goal related self-help interventions, it may be advantageous to consider for whom they may work best. Objective. The study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings relating to the efficacy of the Goal Setting and Planning (GAP) self-help intervention for improving well-being using an active control group to allow for a more carefully controlled test of GAP. In addition to this, the study aimed to examine the potential mediating effect that the intervention has via goal progress. Lastly the study aimed to investigate whether the gains in well-being associated with the GAP intervention will be greatest for individuals scoring more highly in ‘agentic’ value scores. Method. A controlled trial of 58 participants completed pre and post measures of well-being and were also led through a goal selection exercise in which they chose two goals to work towards over a five week period. Twenty-nine participants were allocated to the intervention condition which involved working through the GAP intervention in an online format to support their goal progress. The remaining 29 participants were allocated to the control group and were asked to work towards their goals without any further support. All participants were asked to provide goal attainment scores at the end of week three and at the end of week five. Results. There was no significant effect of condition on post-intervention outcome measures (p = .87, partial h2 = .02). Post measures indicated small but not significant gains in well-being across groups. Goal progress averaged across the two assessments did not differ significantly between groups. The conditions for mediation were not met therefore it was not possible to test for the mediating effects of goal progress on well-being. Lastly, moderation analysis showed that agency value scores did not significantly moderate the effectiveness of GAP in improving scores on any of the well-being measures. Conclusion: These null-findings particularly in relation to the efficacy of the GAP intervention were unexpected given significant findings in previous trials. However, the use of an active control group allowed for a more focused examination of the efficacy of the self-help components compared to previous trials. It is suggested that the goal-setting elements of GAP completed by both conditions may account for the small gains in well-being. Limitations of the current study are discussed particularly in relation to the use of a non-clinical, mainly undergraduate student sample. It is also suggested that goal-based self-help interventions may have limited use in non- clinical student populations. Ideas for future research are made including the recruitment of participants who would potentially benefit more from an intervention to improve well-being such as GAP.
162

Solar energy development : a self-reliant technology in search of a self-reliant economy

Tabor, Alva January 1977 (has links)
Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaf 92. / by Alva Tabor III. / M.Arch.
163

Communal responses to socio-economic problems in Italy and Gaul, 31 BC - AD 284

Spiegl, Steven January 2013 (has links)
This thesis looks at the nature and evolution of communal responses to socio-economic problems in imperial Italy and Gaul. Ancient analysis of this topic tended to view any popular expression of discontent as the result of the moral failings of the plebs, or, somewhat more generously, as being due to poverty. These two lines of thought have had an effect on modern scholarship, shaping opinion not only on how the Roman elite viewed the general population, but also influencing and distorting our view of the actual situation. In some cases, poverty certainly was the underlying cause of unrest, as it has so often been throughout human history; to see it as the sole cause (and to imagine that the Romans perceived it to be the sole cause) is, however, an oversimplification. This thesis aims to show that a complex array of factors was responsible for those popular actions (e.g. grain riots) traditionally seen as reactions to deprivation. It will be seen that not only the socio-economic problems that caused these actions, but also the underlying customs and social mores that dictated how people reacted to these problems were manifold. In addition to showing the socio-economic complexities that dictated popular response, this thesis will show that said response could take a variety of forms, and that just as we must steer ourselves away from simplistic adages like panem et circenses when searching for a cause, we must move beyond the more sensational instances of violence, crime and unrest when looking for a response. A number of reactions, from beggary to banditry, are therefore considered, in order to show the various communal responses available to those at the lower end of the socio-economic scale. Given the vast amount of time and space covered, this thesis will explore diachronic and geographical developments in the nature of communal response. By considering the wider socio-economic developments that precipitated the various responses considered, it will be shown that there was indeed a distinct evolution in the way in which the people reacted to specific stimuli, governed by factors such as the amount of imperial contact, adherence to pre-existing social structures, and, interestingly, a growing sense of popular political involvement.
164

Análise funcional dos evidenciais e modalizadores no discurso da autoajuda da saúde

Nagamura, George Henrique [UNESP] 25 August 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nagamura_gh_me_sjrp.pdf: 270601 bytes, checksum: 84fd31cd99d962fe4a2f91092ea6b1d0 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o funcionamento dos evidenciais e modalizadores no discurso da autoajuda, comparando o uso dessas categorias em dois tipos temáticos desse discurso. O primeiro tipo, o qual denominamos autoajuda genérica, refere a obras em que não há uma especificação dos tipos de objetivos que se pretende alcançar com a aplicação dos métodos propostos pela autoajuda. O segundo tipo, denominado autoajuda da saúde, se refere a obras em que o objetivo é a cura e prevenção de doenças. A hipótese de que partimos é a de que a escolha temática irá influenciar na manifestação da modalidade e da evidencialidade, uma vez que essa escolha implica em relações interdiscursivas específicas. Para a análise dessas categorias, utilizamos a abordagem da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), por se tratar de uma abordagem estratificada do enunciado, possibilitando, dessa forma, melhor compreensão dos diversos efeitos de sentido gerados por cada tipo de modalizador e evidencial. Como resultado de nossa análise, vimos que a relação interdiscursiva da autoajuda da saúde com o discurso médico influenciou a escolha dos modalizadores epistêmicos, com a preferência do enunciador da autoajuda da saúde por modalizadores objetivos, manifestando baixo comprometimento com relação à avaliação realizada. A relação com o discurso médico, influenciou também a escolha dos evidenciais, havendo a preferência do enunciador da autoajuda da saúde por evidenciais reportativos, buscando, assim, aparentar maior cientificidade do que o enunciador da autoajuda genérica. Outra diferença no comportamento dos modalizadores se deu nos domínios deôntico e dinâmico, para os quais constatamos uma maior imposição por parte do enunciador da autoajuda genérica / The objective of the present work is to analyze the functioning of evidentials and modalizers in the discourse of Self-help, comparing how these categories are used in two different theme-specified types of the afore mentioned discourse. The first type, denominated Generic Self-help, refers to books in which the type of goals to be attained through self-help is not specified, ranging from financial success to happiness, love, or any other type of goal. The second type, denominated Health Self-help, refers to books in which the sole objective is to cure and prevent diseases. The working hypothesis is that by choosing a certain theme, the interdiscoursive relationships will also be different, resulting in different choices in the use of evidentials and modalizers. In order to analyze these categories, we have adopted the approach of Discoursive Funcional Grammar (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), for its stratified view of the utterance allows to capture effectively the various effect senses produced by the different types of modalizers and evidentials. As a result of the analysis, we observed that the relationship with the medical discourse in the Health Self-Help discourse influenced in the use of epistemic modality, with the preference for objective modalizers. Moreover, the medical discourse influenced in the use of evidentials, noticed by the preference in the Health Self-help discourse for reportative evidentials. Also it was noticed the difference in the use of deontic and dynamic modalities, with the preference for more imposing forms in the Generic Self-help. Since the two theme-specified types are from the same discourse, we found also similarities in the use of evidentials and modalizers, the most important one being the compromise with certainty evaluations in opposition to the lack of commitment to uncertainty evaluations
165

Solar energy development : a self-reliant technology in search of a self-reliant economy

Tabor, Alva January 1977 (has links)
Thesis. 1977. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaf 92. / by Alva Tabor III. / M.Arch.
166

A transitividade nos textos de autoajuda para mulheres / Transitivity in self-help texts for women.

Elisa Tavares Pires 29 April 2013 (has links)
A motivação inicial deste trabalho foi o interesse pelo desenvolvimento de estratégias argumentativas mais eficazes de ensino de produção textual na escola básica, no âmbito dos gêneros organizados segundo modo argumentativo. Além disso, motivou-nos também a percepção de que um grande número de alunas leem, hoje, crônicas voltadas para o público feminino, tendo seu discurso altamente influenciado pelo conteúdo ideológico-comportamental por elas veiculado o que acaba se refletindo nos textos que escrevem nas aulas de redação. Esse fato chamou nossa atenção, o que nos levou a perceber, também, a vendagem em massa de livros de autoajuda para mulheres. Percebemos que, ao examinarmos as escolhas linguísticas de um discurso de autoajuda, poderíamos trazer à tona algumas crenças e alguns valores, subjacentes à mensagem relativa à experiência de ser mulher e invisíveis para quem aceita esse tipo de discurso como algo natural. Analisaremos então - tendo como suporte teórico a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional proposta por Halliday, no escopo da transitividade cinco crônicas voltada para o público feminino, com características dos discursos de autoajuda, em cujos textos se vê um grande quantitativo de estratégias argumentativas (algumas clichês) para o convencimento do leitor, estratégias essas apoiadas nas escolhas linguísticas de seus autores, cujo objetivo claro é a produção de determinados sentidos / The initial motivation of this work was the interest by the development of the most efficient text productions strategies on elementary and high school. Furthermore prompted us, that a large number of female students read crhonichals directed to women audience, having their speech heavily influenced by behavioral- ideological content conveyed by them which is reflected in the texts they write in writing production classes. We realized that when we examine the grammatical choices of a self-help text could bring out some beliefs and some values that belongs to the message, and would say invisible to those who accept this type of speech as something natural. Thinking this way, we form our corpus from five chronics for the female audience, because we believe that this specimen contained a lot of characteristics that also appeared in texts belonging to what we call self-help and we will analyze them supported by Systemic Functional Linguistics proposed by Halliday. Our goal is therefore to characterize self-help women's texts chronics as argumentative structure very similar to argumentative structure of the proverbs, establishing the necessary links between the use of clichés phrases and their persuasive objectives facing to women in general and evaluate the argumentative strategies used by the authors of self-help books as exemplars for the production of argumentative texts in school. With this, we hope we contributed to form critical readers able to realize the common sense and the cliché in argumentative texts such as texts of self-help books and to form producers of argumentative clear objectives and effective texts in view of the communicative goal of its author
167

Desenvolvimento do protótipo de um virador de página / Development of a page turner prototype

Samira Mercaldi Rafani 20 January 2011 (has links)
A leitura de livros, revistas e jornais tem importância fundamental na aquisição de informações e conhecimento sobre o mundo e a cultura, e está presente em diversas situações da vida (ambiente escolar, no trabalho e no domicílio). Porém, se para muitas pessoas a prática da leitura faz parte de um hábito cotidiano, para outras, ela é dificultada por uma conjunção de fatores sociais, econômicos ou devido a barreiras físicas de acesso ao manuseio dos materiais impressos. As pessoas com comprometimento funcional grave de membros superiores encontram limitações na realização de suas atividades cotidianas o que resulta na dependência de um cuidador. Os recursos de Tecnologia Assistiva têm sido cada vez mais utilizados para substituir ou apoiar uma função deficitária, permitir um desempenho autônomo e independente, aumentar a acessibilidade ambiental e melhorar a qualidade de vida e inclusão social de pessoas com deficiência. Objetivos: desenvolver o protótipo de um virador de página de materiais impressos, especificamente objetivou projetar e construir o protótipo de um virador de página. Materiais e Métodos: O método utilizado dividiu-se em três etapas. Na primeira etapa definiram-se as especificações do projeto (virar uma folha por vez e não danificá-las, ter velocidade de virada da folha adequada, posicionar o material aberto, não emitir sons que interfiram na leitura, adaptar-se a acionadores diferentes, ser leve e pequeno, ter interface e manutenção simples, ser seguro, manter a integridade dos usuários e ser de baixo custo de material); na segunda etapa determinou-se o modelo conceitual do protótipo e a terceira etapa consistiu na construção do protótipo. Resultados: O protótipo desenvolvido mostrou-se eficaz no atendimento dos requisitos de virar uma folha por vez sem danificá-las e com velocidade de até dez segundos, de manter o material de leitura aberto permitindo a visualização das informações impressas, de adaptar-se a acionadores diferentes, de ter interface simples, peso leve, dimensões compactas e ser confeccionado com materiais de baixo custo. Conclui-se como eficaz o projeto de especificação, conceituação e construção do protótipo de virador de páginas impressas, tendo resultados positivos no âmbito da definição da metodologia, da escolha dos materiais para confecção e no mecanismo de acionamento e funcionamento deste. Observa-se que será necessário o teste de bancada e futuros ajustes para permitir o avanço e o retrocesso das folhas, a adaptação de materiais de tamanho e gramatura diferentes e a inclinação do protótipo. / The reading of books, magazines and newspapers has fundamental importance in the acquisition of information and knowledge about the world and culture, and it is present in several situations of life as school environment, work and at home. Although reading practice for many people is an everyday habit for others it is difficult because of many social, economic, or yet due to physical barriers of access to printed materials handling. People with severe functional commitment of upper members face limitations to do their everyday activities which results in a caretaker. The resources of assistive technology have been used more and more to switch or to support a deficient function also to allow an autonomous and independent performance, to raise the environmental accessibility and to improve life quality and social inclusion of disabled. Objectives: develop a page turner prototype of printed materials, specifically it has objectified to project and build a page turner. Material and Methods: The used method has been divided in three steps: The first step has defined the project specifications as well as turning one sheet at a time and without causing any damage to it, having velocity of turning the proper sheet, positioning the material opened, do not producing sounds which interferes in the reading process, adapting to the different drivers, being light and compact, having simple interface and simple maintenance, being secure, keeping the users integrity and being made of low cost material. The second step has determined the conceptual model of the prototype. The third step has consisted of prototype construction. Results: the prototype developed has showed effective requirements of turning one page at a time without causing any damage to it and with velocity up to ten seconds, of keeping the reading material opened allowing the visualization of printed information, of adapting to different drivers, of having simple interface, light weight, compact dimensions, and being made with low cost materials. The specification, conceptualization and construction of a printed page turner prototype project have concluded to be effective having positive results in the definition of the methodology ambit, of choosing the material to make it and in its mechanism to operate and work. It has observed that seat tests and future sets will be necessary to allow the progress and backing of pages, different size and weight material adaptations as well as prototype inclination.
168

ValidaÃÃo de tecnologia assistiva para deficientes visuais na prevenÃÃo de DoenÃas Sexualmente TransmissÃveis. / Validation of assistive technology for the visually impaired in the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.

Giselly Oseni Laurentino Barbosa 19 December 2013 (has links)
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / à indiscutÃvel a relevÃncia da temÃtica de orientaÃÃo à Pessoa com DeficiÃncia (PcD) visual quanto à prevenÃÃo das DoenÃas Sexualmente TransmissÃveis (DST). Se as DST representam um risco Ãs pessoas sem deficiÃncia, para as PcD, os riscos podem se tornar ampliados. Para essa populaÃÃo, dispÃe-se da Tecnologia Assistiva (TA), a qual se constitui de materiais, mÃtodos e processos adaptados Ãs suas necessidades. O crescente nÃmero de ferramentas computacionais direcionadas para a PcD permite a inclusÃo dessas pessoas na educaÃÃo e promoÃÃo da saÃde. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar uma TA na prevenÃÃo de DST para a promoÃÃo da saÃde da PcD visual. Trata-se de estudo de validaÃÃo de TA, desenvolvido no ambiente virtual do LaboratÃrio de ComunicaÃÃo em SaÃde do Departamento de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Cearà (www.labcomsaude.ufc.br). A TA à composta por um texto rimado, gravado em Ãudio e disponibilizado no site do referido laboratÃrio para ser acessada a distÃncia. O perÃodo da coleta de dados ocorreu entre maio e setembro de 2012, com a utilizaÃÃo dos endereÃos eletrÃnicos dos sujeitos. Foram sujeitos do estudo 14 especialistas em conteÃdo e aspectos pedagÃgicos. O estudo foi realizado em trÃs etapas: validaÃÃo aparente e de conteÃdo do instrumento de avaliaÃÃo de conteÃdo; validaÃÃo do texto por especialistas em conteÃdo; e validaÃÃo por especialistas em aspectos pedagÃgicos com experiÃncia em educaÃÃo especial. A anÃlise dos dados ocorreu com base nas consideraÃÃes emitidas pelos sujeitos, atravÃs da organizaÃÃo e do processamento das pontuaÃÃes do instrumento, analisadas quantitativamente. Os aspectos Ãticos foram respeitados, conforme ResoluÃÃo 196/96, aprovado sob protocolo 37/12. Quanto ao conteÃdo, referente aos objetivos, apresentaram Ãndices insatisfatÃrios: (1.6) ressalta os tipos de tratamento das DoenÃas Sexualmente TransmissÃveis; (1.9) incentiva mudanÃa de comportamento e atitude e (1.12) esclarece possÃveis dÃvidas sobre a temÃtica. No tocante à estrutura e apresentaÃÃo, os itens (2.4) o tamanho do texto à adequado e (2.5) a sequÃncia do conteÃdo proposto à lÃgica obtiveram Ãndices de concordÃncia inadequados. Na terceira e Ãltima parte, referente à relevÃncia da TA, dois itens tambÃm apresentaram Ãndices de concordÃncia indesejados: (3.2) permite a transferÃncia e generalizaÃÃo do aprendizado para diferentes contextos e (3.5) retrata os aspectos necessÃrios ao esclarecimento à famÃlia (jovens, adultos e idosos). Nos aspectos pedagÃgicos, um dos itens do instrumento, (2.2) està apropriado à faixa etÃria proposta, e suas definiÃÃes operacionais atingiram o Ãndice de concordÃncia tambÃm inadequado. Mesmo com resultados satisfatÃrios, as contribuiÃÃes foram analisadas e acatadas em sua maioria. A TA desenvolvida foi validada em relaÃÃo ao conteÃdo das DST e aos aspectos relacionados à educaÃÃo das PcD visual, ou seja, os aspectos pedagÃgicos. A tecnologia em saÃde tem a capacidade de tornar o processo de aprendizagem conveniente, acessÃvel e estimulante. A utilizaÃÃo do computador e da internet, associada à prÃtica educativa em saÃde, pode se apresentar como meio eficaz de promover a saÃde da PcD visual ao proporcionar o acesso a informaÃÃes e incentivar a autonomia deste. Acredita-se que o incentivo ao uso do preservativo e o conhecimento proporcionado quanto à ocorrÃncia de uma DST sÃo capazes de sensibilizar a PcD visual para necessidade da prevenÃÃo e adoÃÃo de prÃtica sexual segura. / The relevance of orientations on the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) for Visually Impaired People (IPs) lies beyond discussion. If STDs represent a risk for people without disabilities, for IPs, these risks can be enhanced. For this population, Assistive Technology (AT) is available, which comprises materials, methods and processes adapted to their needs. The growing number of computer tools for IPs permits these peopleâs inclusion in health education and promotion. The aim in this study was to validate an AT on the prevention of STDs with a view to health promotion for visually IPs. An AT validation study was developed in the virtual environment of the Health Communication Laboratory at the Nursing Department of Universidade Federal do Cearà (www.labcomsaude.ufc.br). The AT consists of an audio-recorded rhymed text, which is available on the laboratory website for distance access. Data were collected between May and September 2012, using the subjectsâ electronic addresses. Subjects were 14 experts in contents and pedagogical aspects. The study was undertaken in three phases: face and content validity of the content evaluation instrument; content expert validation of the text; and validation by experts in pedagogical aspects experienced in special education. Data analysis was based on the participantsâ considerations, through the organization and processing of instrument scores, subject to quantitative analysis. Ethical aspects were respected, incompliance with Resolution 196/96, approved under protocol 37/12. As regards the contents related to the objectives, the following items obtained unsatisfactory scores: (1.6) highlights the types of treatment for Sexually Transmitted Diseases; (1.9) encourages behavior and attitude change and (1.12) clarifies possible doubts on the theme. Regarding the structure and presentation, items (2.4) the text size is appropriate and (2.5) the sequence of the proposed contents is logical obtained inappropriate agreement rates. In the third and final part, related to the relevance of the AT, two items also showed inappropriate agreement rates: (3.2) permits the transfer and generalization of learning to different contexts and (3.5) pictures the aspects needed to inform the family (young people, adults and elderly). As regards pedagogical aspects, one of the instrument items, (2.2) is appropriate to the proposed age range and its operational definitions also reached an inappropriate agreement level. Despite satisfactory results, the contributions were analyzed and most of them were accepted. The developed AT was validated with regard to the STD contents and the aspects related to the education of visually IPs, that is, the pedagogical aspects. Health technology can turn the learning process convenient, accessible and stimulating. The use of the computer and Internet, associated with health education, can be an effective means to promote the health of visually IPs by granting access to information and encouraging their autonomy. The researchers believe that the encouragement of condom use and knowledge granted on the occurrence of an STD can sensitize visually IPs towards the need for prevention and the adoption of safe sexual practices.
169

A participação popular no exercício das políticas públicas habitacionais como fator de influência no produto habitacional construído e apropriado / Popular participation in housing public polices exercise as a factor of influence on the built and appropriation of housing product

Lélia Amanda de Carvalho Ramos 16 May 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho visa mostrar a importância da participação popular no processo de produção da moradia no contexto das políticas públicas e programas habitacionais no Brasil. Esta participação aponta para a elevação do nível organizativo do poder público e da comunidade e para uma mais ampla e adequada apropriação do espaço urbano construído pela população. A contextualização do quadro das políticas habitacionais no Brasil, o processo de descentralização do poder público e o processo de desenvolvimento da participação popular nos projetos habitacionais são apresentados como auxílio à compreensão do que se pretende observar quanto à formatação de políticas e programas habitacionais que valorizam a população como peça fundamental no processo. São apresentadas algumas experiências consideradas importantes sob o ponto de vista da participação popular na produção da moradia, como as Cooperativas Uruguaias e o Programa FUNAPS Comunitário da Prefeitura de São Paulo. Três projetos habitacionais em fase de conclusão em três diferentes municípios da Grande São Paulo foram estudados nesta pesquisa. Por meio de uma análise crítica comparativa foram estabelecidos critérios para verificar como o poder público tem administrado a questão da falta de moradia, que afeta principalmente a população mais empobrecida e ainda como tem tratado o direito garantido da participação popular no contexto de seus programas habitacionais nos dias de hoje. / This essay intents to show the importance of the popular participation in the residence building process, when treated in terms of public polices and housing programs in Brazil. This participation may contribute to an increasing on the organization level of public power and their communities, besides the aid for an increasing in urban appropriation by the population. The contextualization of the situation of public polices in Brazil, the public power decentralization process and the popular development participation in housing-production, are shown as a contribution to the understanding about the formatting of housing publics polices that value the poor population as a fundamental part in this process. This work shows some important experiences referring to the popular participation in housing productions, as the Uruguaian Cooperatives and the FUNAPS´ Program from São Paulo´s city hall. Three housing projects in conclusion phases occurring in three different cities of São Paulo´s Metropolitan Region have been studied in this research. The methodology used to study these projects was a comparative analyzes by previews established criteria in order to verify how the public power has managed the problem of housing lack, which affects principally the poorest population and also to identify how has been treated the guaranteed rights of the popular participation in housing programs nowadays.
170

Atitudes de familiares de portadores de transtornos mentais frente aos transtornos mentais: a influência do grupo de autoajuda / Attitudes of mental disorder patients\' relatives towards the mental disorders: the influence of a self-help group

Angelina Moda Machado 09 August 2011 (has links)
Diferentes pessoas podem ter atitudes diferentes frente a um mesmo objeto, mas esta diversidade de posicionamento não deve ser encarada como características idiossincráticas ou estáveis, não nascem num vazio social, são fruto de interação social, de processo de comparação, identificação e diferenciação social que permite situar uma posição frente a outras em um determinado momento. A família, enquanto grupo, atravessa os tempos passando por inúmeras transformações e críticas, sem se afastar da responsabilidade e das exigências dos papéis socialmente atribuídos a ela. O transtorno mental permanece ainda obscuro, não existindo uma causa que o explique como tão estigmatizante, mas, o adoecer psíquico, é facilmente percebido, pois, os indivíduos que adoecem, apresentam comportamentos diferentes daqueles normalmente aceitos pela sociedade. Os grupos de autoajuda são homogêneos, seus participantes passam pelo mesmo sofrimento, são de apoio mútuo e educacional, a liderança vem do interior do grupo, reporta-se somente a um único evento desestruturador de vida, os membros participam voluntariamente, sem fins lucrativos, objetivam o crescimento pessoal dos integrantes e tem caráter anônimo e confidencial. Partindo-se do princípio de que as atitudes frente aos transtornos mentais e seus portadores são passíveis de serem trabalhadas e modificadas, mesmo sendo necessário um trabalho ao longo de um grande período de tempo, pois envolve aspectos formadores da personalidade, este estudo teve como objetivo mostrar as atitudes frente aos transtornos mentais de familiares de portadores de transtornos mentais que participam de grupo de autoajuda, de familiares que não participam de grupos desta natureza e estudar comparativamente as atitudes destes dois grupos. Para isso, 20 familiares de portadores de transtornos mentais, sendo 10 familiares que participam de um grupo de autoajuda e 10 familiares que nunca participaram de grupo de autoajuda, responderam a um questionário com uma parte sobre os seus dados pessoais e a outra parte com perguntas abertas sobre sua proximidade com o seu parente portador de transtorno mental e a escala de atitudes \"Opiniões Sobre os Transtornos Mentais\" (OTM). Os resultados mostraram que em ambos os grupos a faixa etária dos familiares está acima dos 50 anos, a maioria são mães, casadas, católicas, com tempo de convívio com o parente portador de transtorno mental acima de 5 anos, a esquizofrenia é o transtorno mais frequente, sendo melhor a situação econômica dos familiares participantes do grupo de autoajuda. Os resultados da OTM, analisados de forma estatística utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney U mostraram uma influência positiva do grupo de autoajuda nas atitudes de familiares de portadores de transtornos mentais frente aos transtornos mentais e seus parentes portadores desses transtornos, mas essa influência mostrou-se relativa, pois, os dois grupos, revelaram ainda atitudes autoritárias, restritivas e discriminadoras, levando à conclusão de que o grupo de autoajuda é extremamente importante e uma expressiva ferramenta de apoio, mas para uma real mudança de atitudes nos aspectos considerados, são necessárias modalidades terapêuticas mais específicas e que utilizam intervenções mais focadas. / Different people may have different attitudes towards a same object, but this range of positions should not be seen as idiosyncratic or stable characteristics. They are not born in a social void, but are the fruit of social interaction, of a comparison, identification and social distinction process that permits situating one position towards others at a given time. As a group, the family evolves going through countless transformations and criticism, without distancing itself from the responsibility and requirements of the roles it is socially attributed. Mental disorder is still obscure, without a cause to explain the extent of its stigma, but psychic illness is easily perceived, as the people who get ill display behaviors different from what society normally accepts. Self-help groups are homogeneous. Their participants go through the same suffering. The groups provide mutual support and are educational. Leadership comes from within the group, which only refers to a single deconstructive event in life. Members participate voluntarily, without aiming for profit. The groups aim for their members\' personal growth and are anonymous and confidential. Departing from the principle that attitudes towards mental disorders and their patients can be addressed and modified, although demanding long-term work, as it involves personality-building aspects, this study aimed to show the attitudes towards mental disorders of family members of mental disorder patients who participate in a self-help group, of family members who do not participate in this kind of groups, and to comparatively study these two groups\' attitudes. Thus, 20 relatives of mental disorder patients, ten of whom participate in a self-help group and ten who had never participated in a self-help group, answered a questionnaire. One part referred to their personal data, while the other part contained open questions on their proximity with their relative suffering from a mental disorder, as well as the attitude scale \"Opinions on Mental Disorders\" (OMD). The results showed that, in both groups, the relatives\' age range is over 50 years, most are mothers, married, Catholic, have lived with the relative suffering from the mental disorder for more than five years, schizophrenia is the most frequent disorder and the relatives who participate in the self-help group display a better socio-economic situation. Statistical analysis of the OMD results, using Mann-Whitney\'s U-test, showed a positive influence of the self-help group on the attitudes of mental disorder patients\' relatives towards the mental disorders and their relatives suffering from these disorders. This influence revealed to be relative though, as the two groups also revealed authoritarian, restrictive and discriminatory attitudes, leading to the conclusion that the self-help group is extremely important and a meaningful support tool. To achieve an actual change in attitudes towards the aspects under analysis though, more specific therapeutic modes are needed, which use more focused interventions.

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