Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-12-01T10:57:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliane Soares Vidigal_.pdf: 603808 bytes, checksum: b65c206d39cb0809a88f8719373ec8de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-01T10:57:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliane Soares Vidigal_.pdf: 603808 bytes, checksum: b65c206d39cb0809a88f8719373ec8de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-04 / Nenhuma / O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a abordagem das capabilidades na obra de Amartya Sen para identificar em que medida essas capabilidades influenciam no desenvolvimento humano e social. Buscaremos compreender as razões que levaram Amartya Sen a defender a liberdade como a chave para o desenvolvimento. Analisaremos as oportunidades, os direitos e as liberdades presentes no enfoque das capabilidades, partindo das formulações senianas expressas no texto Equality of What?, escrito no ano de 1979, para chegaremos a obra A Ideia de Justiça, publicada no Brasil em 2011. Neste percurso visitaremos as concepções contidas em seus escritos Desigualdade Reexaminada; Desenvolvimento como expansão de capacidades e Desenvolvimento como Liberdade. O Objetivo geral deste trabalho é estudar a abordagem das capabilidades seniana, delinear sua evolução e identificar em que medida as capabilidades contribuem para o desenvolvimento. A análise se limitará a abordagem filosófica das capabilidades, sendo, para tanto, importante compreendermos as necessidades e os valores que justificam as realizações e as escolhas individuais. Para o êxito da investigação tentaremos responder as seguintes indagações: (i) o que é igualdade segundo a teoria de Sen?; (ii) como Amartya Sen apresentou, ao longo de sua obra, sua ideia de capabilidades?; (iii) é possível afirmar que houve modificações interpretativas substanciais na teoria seniana das capabilidades?; (iv) qual o sentido de liberdade para Amartya Sen?; (v) sob quais aspectos a abordagem das Capabilidades nos possibilita entender o desenvolvimento como liberdade?. A estratégia metodológica central desse estudo é essencialmente teórica e os procedimentos analíticos ocorrerão por meio de revisão da literatura em torno da temática investigada. Além de ler as obras do autor aqui indicadas, buscaremos dialogar com seus críticos e comentadores. Como resultado pretendemos esclarecer como a liberdade, agregada às atividades econômicas, sociais e políticas, pode ser considerada um instrumento de medição do progresso e de eficácia social, extrapolando os espações de avaliação das demais teorias. / The aim of the present study is to analyze the approach of the capabilities in the work of Amartya Sen to identify how these capabilities influence in human and social development. We will try to understand the reasons that led Amartya Sen to defend freedom as the key to development. We will look at the opportunities, rights and freedoms that are present in his capability theory, starting from his formulations expressed in the text ‘Equality of What?` - written in the year of 1979 - in order to arrive at the work ‘The Idea of Justice’ - published in Brazil in 2011. During this course, we will visit his formulations expressed in his writings ‘Reexamined Inequality’; ‘Development as capacity expansion’ and ‘Development as freedom’. The general objective of this work is to study Sen’s capabilities to delineate its evolution and identify in what proportion the capabilities contribute to development. The analysis will be limited to a philosophical approach and will be important for us to understand the needs and values that justify people's individual choices. For the success of the investigation we will try to answer the following questions: I) What is equality according to Sen's theory? (ii) How did Amartya Sen present his idea of capabilities throughout his work? (iii) Is it possible to affirm that there were substantial interpretative modifications in Sen’s theory of capabilities? (iv) What is the sense of freedom to Amartya Sen? (v) In what aspects does the Capabilities approach allow us to understand development as freedom? The central methodological strategy of this study is essentially theoretical and the analytical procedures will occur through a review of the literature around the researched topic. Besides reading the indicated works of the author we will seek dialogue with his critics. As a result we intend to clarify how freedom when associated to social, political and economical activities can be considered as an instrument for measuring progress and also a social efficacy ratio, extrapolating the gaps of evaluation of other theories.

Racionalidade é um importante tema para a economia e qualquer outra área que se dedica à tomada de decisão. Ao longo do século XX, economistas deram diferentes definições do que seria um comportamento racional. Tais definições foram formalizadas matematicamente e, mediante uma hipótese plausível, mostradas equivalentes no teorema de Arrow- Sen. Após o surgimento da teoria de conjuntos fuzzy, diferentes autores se debruçaram na expansão através da matemática fuzzy de tais definições e equivalências. Este trabalho retoma o histórico dessas definições e a passagem da formalização clássica para a fuzzy. Também expõe resultados obtidos com provas alternativas e exemplos que mostram as limitações das equivalências numa abordagem sob a ótica da teoria de conjuntos fuzzy. / Rationality is among the most important subjects in economics and the study of decisionmaking process. Different definitions of what is a rational behavior were given in the 20th century. The Arrow-Sen theorem shows that such definitions are equivalent under a plausible hypothesis. With the development of fuzzy theory, a fuzzy approach to this problem was given by different authors. This work shows this historical development of the definitions and the transition from the classical to the fuzzy view. It also presents the results obtained with alternative proofs and examples that show the limitations of the equivalences in the fuzzy setup.

Essa tese procura descrever uma convergência política que teve lugar na década de 1990 entre o Banco Mundial e as Nações Unidas em torno de uma nova estratégia de desenvolvimento. Dois processos em curso nesse momento foram centrais. De um lado, revisões internas críticas às reformas neoliberais repercutiram em modulações na agenda de desenvolvimento do Banco Mundial em direção à nova agenda da boa governança. De outro, no âmbito das Nações Unidas, o desenvolvimento era redefinido como um processo de expansão de oportunidades no lugar do acúmulo de riqueza. Ambos os processos convergem numa nova estratégia que passava a enfatizar o desenvolvimento das pessoas e não mais das nações, formulada na separação entre a produção da riqueza e a pobreza. A pobreza deve ser reduzida, controlada em níveis aceitáveis e mobilizada para dar sequência às reformas de liberalização econômica. O que está em jogo nessa convergência é a construção de novas referências normativas que apontam para possíveis indiferenciações entre as práticas da esquerda e da direita no espectro político internacional. Demonstra-se com essa pesquisa que o sentido dessas novas referências foi tornar plausível, internamente em cada sociedade, a gestão dos níveis de pobreza como estratégia para o avanço do neoliberalismo. / This thesis intends to discribe a political convergence that takes place during the 1990s between the World Bank and the United Nations around a new development strategy. Two process in operation at that moment were central. From one side, critical internal reviews of the neoliberal reforms have reveberated on modulations of the World Bank\'s development agenda toward the new good governance agenda. On the other side, at the United Nations\' ambit, development has been defined as the process of opportunity expansion in the place of wealth accumulation. Both process converge into a new strategy that becomes to emphasize people\'s development instead of nation\'s one, formulated in the separation between wealth production and poverty. The poverty should be reducted, managed in acceptable grades and mobilized to give sequence to the economic liberalization\'s reforms. What is at stake in this convergence is the construction of new normative references that point out to possible indifferentiation between practices from the left or from the right in the international political spectrum. It is demonstrated with this research that the sense of these new references was to make plausible, inside of each society, the management of poverty grades as a strategy for neoliberalism improvement.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Tübingen. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 281-299).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1936. / Vita. Published also as Johns Hopkins studies in historical and political science. Extra volumes. new ser., no. 24. Bibliography: p. 265-273.

Social Justice in Terms of Capabilities and Recognition”. Axel Honneth’sTheory of Recognition is an attempt to create a widened vision of social justice.This theory interprets distributive problems as problems of recognition. Thepresent paper analyses, however, the laws of Honneth’s theory when addressingdistributive justice and claims that this theory can be complemented by theinformational basis proposed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum’s CapabilityApproach. Furthermore, it suggests how such approach can be enriched byHonneth’s Theory of Recognition and offers a theoretical strategy that allows forboth models to work together in the assessment of justice. / La teoría del reconocimiento de Axel Honneth es un intento de crearuna visión ampliada de la justicia social e interpreta los problemas distributivoscomo problemas de reconocimiento. Este artículo analiza, sin embargo, las insuicienciasde la teoría de Honneth al momento de abordar la justicia distributiva,y propone que la misma puede ser complementada con la base informacionalque propone el enfoque de las capacidades de Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum.A su vez, se sugiere cómo tal enfoque puede ser enriquecido por la teoría delreconocimiento de Honneth y se ofrece una estrategia teórica para que ambosmodelos puedan operar juntos en la evaluación de la justicia.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1966 L735 / Master of Science

Barnmorskor vårdar kvinnor i olika livssituationer som berör sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa. Vårdandet av både tidiga och sena legala aborter ingår i barnmorskans kompetens. Aborter kan bero på oönskad graviditet, fosterdöd eller missbildningar. Sena aborter kan upplevas svåra att hantera och situationen svår att bemöta. Det kan upplevas svårt att bemöta och ge god vård för kvinnor som genomgår abort. Syftet med studien är att belysa barnmorskors upplevelser i samband med vårdandet av kvinnor som genomgår sen abort. Studien baseras på intervjuer med induktiv ansats och kvalitativ analysmetod. Sex barnmorskor intervjuades i Sverige. Fyra huvudkategorier framkom i resultatet, att vara kompetent och skicklig, att uppleva det hanterbart, att känna önskan av stöd, att omhänderta det aborterade fostret. Resultatet visar att det finns en strävan efter att vara närvarande och ge stöd till varje kvinna som genomgår en abort oavsett bakgrunden till beslutet. Genomgående i studien var även att barnmorskorna hade behov av stöd och vägledning. En positiv inställning till fri abort var slutsatsen för de intervjuade barnmorskorna.

Physical education (PE) for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) is an important contemporary issue for primary teachers and other practitioners. In particular, how they are to include pupils with SEN in their classroom activity is a processing concern. This study is concerned essentially with how policy influences the ability of teachers to deal with SEN' pupils in PE. It explores the relationships between education policy on SEN and its implementation within PE when SEN pupils are placed in mainstream school settings. The main aims of this thesis are to explore how 'equality' and 'inclusion' are expressed in legislation, for example the National Curriculum in England and the Grade 1- 9 Curriculum Guidelines in Taiwan, and how teachers, local education authority (LEA) Advisors, pupils with physical disability and their parents interpret policy and engage in practice for SEN. The findings of the study are intended to provide guidance on education policy needed to promote 'inclusion' and connect SEN policy and its implementation within PE. This thesis develops and utilizes a theoretical model to illustrate the 'flow' of policy from government to schools. This framework has followed Bernstein's (1990) assertion that knowledge is produced and reproduced at different sites of practice and that 'discourses' are recontextualized in each. Qualitative research methods were used to explore these relationships. The research fields were located in the Midlands in England and in the North of Taiwan and investigate LEAs and primary schools. The research employed interviews, documentary analysis and observation to explore policy and its implementation for SEN pupils from not only a 'macro' but also a 'micro' perspective. Accordingly, this thesis has explored the relationships between teachers, the learning support assistants (LSA), pupils with physical disability and their activities in PE classrooms in order to throw light on processes of inclusion within PE and the difficulties associated with policy implementation for pupils with physical disability. The findings suggest that the implementation of SEN policy within PE was driven by ideals of inclusion and attempted to achieve equality. However, SEN policy and its implementation was rendered difficult by the production and reproduction of particular understandings of inclusion, and inadequate provision (training and resource) for teachers to deal with SEN pupils in PE. Compared with teachers in England, PE teachers in Taiwan seemed to be more 'able' to include SEN pupils in PE as they were less regulated by National Curriculum texts.

The goal of this thesis is to accentuate the communicational aspect of dealing with unconscious manifestations, with emphasis on handling dreams. Based on the analysis of Sigmund Freud's texts, it examines the ways in which we can talk about dreams and other unconscious manifestations and what influence such talk has on the individuals participating in the communicational process. The thesis charts several of Sigmund Freud's important texts that are used as a basis to prove that thanks to the mystery surrounding it, a dream can exert significant influence on communication. Sigmund Freud's theory was chosen for this thesis, whose works about dreams and whose interest in examining unconscious manifestations, such as forgetting, slipping of the tongue, faulty acts and other, contain a communicational potential, whose surface Freud barely scratches, or which he often treats with outright neglect. The communicational aspect of Freud's works is accentuated thanks to Roman Jakobson's theory of communication. Keywords: dream, faulty acts, communication