Master of Philosophy (MPhil) / Informationist Science Fiction theory provides a way of analysing science fiction texts and narratives in order to demonstrate on an informational basis the uniqueness of science fiction proper as a mode of fiction writing. The theoretical framework presented can be applied to all types of written texts, including non-fictional texts. In "Informationist Science Fiction Theory and Informationist Science Fiction" the author applies the theoretical framework and its specific methods and principles to various contemporary science fiction works, including works by William Gibson, Neal Stephenson and Vernor Vinge. The theoretical framework introduces a new informational theoretic re-framing of existing science fiction literary theoretic posits such as Darko Suvin's novum, the mega-text as conceived of by Damien Broderick, and the work of Samuel R Delany in investigating the subjunctive mood in SF. An informational aesthetics of SF proper is established, and the influence of analytic philosophy - especially modal logic - is investigated. The materialist foundations of the metaphysical outlook of SF proper is investigated with a view to elucidating the importance of the relationship between scientific materialism and SF. SF is presented as The Fiction of Veridical, Counterfactual and Heterogeneous Information.

Master of Philosophy (MPhil) / Informationist Science Fiction theory provides a way of analysing science fiction texts and narratives in order to demonstrate on an informational basis the uniqueness of science fiction proper as a mode of fiction writing. The theoretical framework presented can be applied to all types of written texts, including non-fictional texts. In "Informationist Science Fiction Theory and Informationist Science Fiction" the author applies the theoretical framework and its specific methods and principles to various contemporary science fiction works, including works by William Gibson, Neal Stephenson and Vernor Vinge. The theoretical framework introduces a new informational theoretic re-framing of existing science fiction literary theoretic posits such as Darko Suvin's novum, the mega-text as conceived of by Damien Broderick, and the work of Samuel R Delany in investigating the subjunctive mood in SF. An informational aesthetics of SF proper is established, and the influence of analytic philosophy - especially modal logic - is investigated. The materialist foundations of the metaphysical outlook of SF proper is investigated with a view to elucidating the importance of the relationship between scientific materialism and SF. SF is presented as The Fiction of Veridical, Counterfactual and Heterogeneous Information.

Studies demonstrate neuro-retinal damage in patients with diabetes and no clinically visible diabetic retinopathy. It is unknown which retinal regions are most vulnerable to diabetes. We hypothesized that the standard and slow-flash (sf-) multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and adaptive optics (AO) imaging will localize retinal regions of vulnerability. Fifty-five adolescents with diabetes and 54 controls underwent mfERG testing to isolate predominately retinal bipolar cell activity and sf-mfERG testing to isolate three oscillatory potentials (OPs) from intraretinal amacrine and interplexiform cells. Greatest mfERG delays were in the superior temporal quadrant and at 5°-10° eccentricity. Greatest sf-mfERG delays were found at different eccentricities for each OP. Twenty adolescents with diabetes and 14 controls underwent AO imaging. No significant differences in cone photoreceptor density were found; however, patients showed a trend towards reduced density in the superior nasal region. Inner retinal structures may be more susceptible to damage by diabetes than outer retinal structures.

Studies demonstrate neuro-retinal damage in patients with diabetes and no clinically visible diabetic retinopathy. It is unknown which retinal regions are most vulnerable to diabetes. We hypothesized that the standard and slow-flash (sf-) multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) and adaptive optics (AO) imaging will localize retinal regions of vulnerability. Fifty-five adolescents with diabetes and 54 controls underwent mfERG testing to isolate predominately retinal bipolar cell activity and sf-mfERG testing to isolate three oscillatory potentials (OPs) from intraretinal amacrine and interplexiform cells. Greatest mfERG delays were in the superior temporal quadrant and at 5°-10° eccentricity. Greatest sf-mfERG delays were found at different eccentricities for each OP. Twenty adolescents with diabetes and 14 controls underwent AO imaging. No significant differences in cone photoreceptor density were found; however, patients showed a trend towards reduced density in the superior nasal region. Inner retinal structures may be more susceptible to damage by diabetes than outer retinal structures.

Ε1. Ποιότητα της ζωής, άγχος και κατάθλιψη σε ασθενείς με κακώσεις νωτιαίου μυελού: Αυτή η μελέτη έχει σκοπό να αξιολογήσει την ποιότητα ζωής, το άγχος και την κατάθλιψη αλλά και τη νευρολογική θέση, σε ένα σύνολο ασθενών που ζουν με κάκωση του νωτιαίου μυελού (SCI). Μία «διατομική» μελέτη χρησιμοποιήθηκε σε 92 ανθρώπους που ζουν με κάκωση νωτιαίου μυελού SCI. Ολοκλήρωσαν το ερωτηματολόγιο της νοσοκομειακής κλίμακας άγχους και κατάθλιψης HADS (ν=42 ), την κλίμακα ποιότητας ζωής SF-36 (ν=42), καθώς επίσης τυποποιήθηκαν οι νευρολογικές (κλίμακα Frankel, Asia motor score), και οι λειτουργικές κλίμακές τους(FIM, MBI). Οι αναλύσεις μελετήθηκαν για ολόκληρο το δείγμα, κατά φύλο, κατά την κλίμακα Frankel, το Asia motor score, την FIM, και το επίπεδο νευρολογικής βλάβης. Αυτή η μελέτη παρουσιάζει τα προκαταρκτικά συμπεράσματα, τα οποία υποστηρίζουν υψηλά αποτελέσματα άγχους και κατάθλιψης (HADS) σε αυτό τον πληθυσμό των ασθενών με SCI, καθώς επίσης και πολύ χαμηλή ποιότητα ζωής. Ε 2. Σεξουαλική λειτουργία σε γυναίκες με κακώσεις νωτιαίου μυελού: Ο στόχος αυτής της μελέτης ήταν να προσδιοριστεί η σεξουαλικότητα των γυναικών με βαριές κακώσεις νωτιαίου μυελού (SCI) χρησιμοποιώντας την κλίμακα γυναικείας σεξουαλικής λειτουργίας. Το ερωτηματολόγιο με 19 ερωτήματα εκφάνσεις της σεξουαλικότητας του FSFI αφορά τη σεξουαλική λειτουργία και την ικανοποίηση στη σεξουαλική ζωή των γυναικών. Σε αυτή τη μελέτη, χρησιμοποίησαμε ένα δείγμα 39 γυναικών ασθενών με σοβαρή κάκωση νωτιαίου μυελού SCI. Συγκρίναμε δε αυτές τις ασθενείς με ένα υγιές δείγμα γυναικών αντίστοιχο σε οικονομικό –εκπαιδευτικό –επίπεδο ηλικίας - και συζυγική θέση- του γενικού πληθυσμού. Η σεξουαλική δραστηριότητα ήταν χαμηλότερη μεταξύ των γυναικών με SCI, αλλά η επιθυμία, η συναισθηματική ποιότητα της ζωής φύλων και η γενική σεξουαλική ικανοποίηση δεν διέφεραν από τις «υγιείς» γυναίκες του γενικού πληθυσμού. Αυτά τα αποτελέσματα καταδεικνύουν ότι η σεξουαλική ζωή σε γυναίκες με κάκωση νωτιαίου μυελού παραμένει σχεδόν απρόσβλητη. E3. Ίλιγγος μετά από κάκωση ΑΜΣΣ δίκην μαστιγίου. Ο ίλιγγος συνοδεύει περιστασιακά μία κάκωση τύπου «whiplash». Η πιστοποίηση του συνδρόμου είναι ιδιαίτερης αξίας, αν αναλογιστούμε τις πολλές προσφυγές στα δικαστήρια και τις υψηλές δαπάνες που προκύπτουν μετά από τέτοιου τύπου κάκωση. Δώδεκα ασθενείς, που αναφέρθηκαν στα εξωτερικά ιατρεία της κλινικής μας, εξαιτίας μακράς διαρκείας υποκειμενικών ενοχλημάτων με κύριο σύμπτωμα τον ίλιγγο μετά από τον αυχενικό τραυματισμό τύπου “whiplash”, υποβλήθηκαν σε κλινικές, εργαστηριακές και ψυχομετρικές εξετάσεις. Κανένας από τους ασθενείς δεν είχε σημαντικά νευρολογικά συμπτώματα,ούτε ιδιαίτερη επίδραση στη ποιότητα ζωής του, και κανένα σημαντικό τραύμα της αυχενικής σπονδυλικής στήλης δεν προσδιορίστηκε με MRI. Τα στοιχεία μας δείχνουν ότι ο ίλιγγος τύπου “whiplash” είναι σημαντικά δυσκολότερο να το χειριστεί και να το αντιμετωπίσει ένας ιατρός συγκριτικά με τον ιδιοπαθή ίλιγγο. Η επαλήθευση του συνδρόμου αυτού απαιτεί ίσως αντικειμενικότερα κλινικά μέσα. Αυτή η έρευνα προτείνει ότι υπάρχει μια οργανική βάση του συνδρόμου αυτού, αλλά δεν δίνει λύση στην πλήρη κατανόηση των παθοφυσιολογικών μηχανισμών που το προκαλούν, δείχνει ότι το σύνδρομο αυτό δεν έχει ιδιαίτερη βαρύτητα στον ελληνικό πληθυσμό και προτείνει αυτό το σύνδρομο να εξετάζεται ως τμήμα του χρόνιου συνδρόμου κάκωσης τύπου “whiplash”, του γενικού όρου δηλαδή στην διεθνή βιβλιογραφία : Chronic or Late Whiplash. / Ε1. Quality of life, anxiety and depression in adults with spinal cord injuries: This study aimed to evaluate Life Satisfaction, the Anxiety and Depression and neurologic status, in a community sample of adults living with a spinal cord injury (SCI). A cross-sectional design was used with 92 people living in the community with an SCI. They completed the HADS (42 pts) and SF-36 (42 pts), Life Satisfaction Questionnaire. Analyses were conducted for the whole sample, by gender, Frankel Scale, ASIA motor score, FIM, and level of injury. No correlation findings between motor neurologic scales and quality of life assessment. Additionally this study presents preliminary findings, which support the psychometric integrity of HADS and high HADS scores within an outpatient population with SCI. Items that included potential somatic components revealed a more complex factor loading profile. E2. Sexual function in females with severe spinal cord injuries: The objective of this study was to identify the sexual adjustment of females with severe cervical spinal cord injuries (SCI) using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The 19-item questionnaire of the FSFI concerns sexual function and satisfaction in sex life. This study, conducted by the Orthopaedic and Psychiatry Departments of Patras University, used a sample of a series of 39 consecutive female patients with severe traumatic SCI. We compared these female patients with an age–economic–educational level- and marital status-matched control group of the general population. Sexual activity was lower among females with SCI, but the desire, the emotional quality of sex life and overall sexual satisfaction did not differ from the controls. These results demonstrate that sexual life in females with SCI remains almost unaffected. E3. Whiplash vertigo: Vertigo or dizziness occasionally accompanies a rear –end, neck injury or is provoked by a neck posture no matter what the orientation of the head is to gravity. Whiplash vertigo is matter of considerable concern because of the high litigation related costs of whiplash injuries. When Whiplash cervical vertigo is diagnosed, the usual symptoms are vertigo, dizziness associated with neck movement. Twelve patients, which were referred to our Outpatient Clinic because of long-lasting subjective vertigo complaints after cervical whiplash spine injury, underwent clinical, laboratorial and psychometric examinations. None of the patients had typical neurological symptoms, and no important lesions of the cervical spine were identified with MRI. Our data indicate that Whiplash Vertigo significantly is more difficult to treat than idiopathic Vertigo. The verification of Whiplash Vertigo Syndrome requires more objective clinical means. This investigation proposes that an organic base of the syndrome might be considered, but does not promote the comprehension of pathophysiologic mechanisms that induces it and of course this syndrome considered as part of the general term Chronic Whiplash Syndrome.

No description available.

The thesis consists of the novel, Stargate Atlantis: Exogenesis (Whitelaw and Christensen, 2006a) and an accompanying exegesis. The novel is a stand-alone tie-in novel based on the television series Stargate Atlantis (Wright and Glassner), a spin-off series of Stargate SG-1 (Wright and Cooper) derived from the movie Stargate (Devlin and Emmerich, 1994). Set towards the end of the second season, Stargate Atlantis: Exogenesis begins with the discovery of life pods containing the original builders of Atlantis, the Ancients. The mind of one of these Ancients, Ea, escapes the pod and possesses Dr. Carson Beckett. After learning what has transpired in the 10,000 years since her confinement, the traumatised Ea releases an exogenesis machine to destroy Atlantis. Ea dies, leaving Beckett with sufficient of her memories to reveal that a second machine, on the planet Polrusso, could counter the effects of the first device. When the Atlantis team travel to Polrusso, what they discover has staggering implications not only for the future of Atlantis but for all life in the Pegasus Galaxy. The exegesis argues that both science and science fiction narrate the dissolution of ontological structures, resulting in cognitive estrangement. Fallacy writers engage in the same process and use the same themes and tools as science fiction writers to resolve cognitive estrangement: they technologise mythology. Consequently, the distinction between fact and fiction, history and myth, is blurred. The exegesis discusses cognitive estrangement, mythology, the process of technologising mythology and its function as a novum that facilitates the resolution of cognitive estrangement in both fallacy and science fiction narratives. These concepts are then considered in three Stargate tie-in novels, with particular reference to the creative work, Stargate Atlantis: Exogenesis.

Rapid increases in population ageing and the associated rise in the prevalence of dementia have created many challenges for the care of older people with dementia. As the majority of people now living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) now have dementia, the need to maximise the quality of life for this group is increasingly recognised. While such issues have attracted research and policy attention in recent years, the evidence base for practice in dementia care is still underdeveloped. The need for more effective therapeutic interventions to improve the quality of life for older people with dementia is recognised, particularly those living in RACFs. The use of pets is one example of recent attempts to help create a more home-like environment and dog therapy is available in many facilities. Well designed research to demonstrate whether it actually has a positive impact on residents’ quality of life is lacking. This study is the first reported randomised controlled trial investigating dog therapy for people with dementia. Fifty-five older people with mild to moderate dementia living in three residential aged care facilities in the Greater Brisbane area participated in this study. The goal was to identify whether dog therapy accrued any benefits to residents’ well being and compare the benefits, if any, with human-only therapy intervention. The main hypothesis was that dog contact delivered in a small group recreational therapy format would have a beneficial effect on the well being of participants. It was additionally hypothesised that prior and current positive relationships with dogs would be related to improved outcomes of dog therapy and support a human-animal bond explanation of relationship development with the therapy dog(s). Participants were randomly assigned into two groups within each facility: The dog therapy group and a human-only therapy group. Session plans were structured according to a recreational therapy format. Three therapy dogs were used (a miniature Poodle, a Staffordshire Terrier and a German Shepherd Dog) with one dog present at any dog therapy session A before-and-after design was used with concealment of participants at allocation. Mixed methods were used including a panel of seven validated psychometric instruments, an observational measure and a series of four novel questionnaires, dogs for older groups with Alzheimer’s (DOGA), developed de novo specifically to investigate the effects of dog therapy on participants within this study. Measures of mood, quality of life, health and psychosocial functioning, collectively referred to as well-being, detected benefits accruing to dog therapy participants compared with human-only therapy that approached significance (p = .056) with a large effect size (partial eta squared 16.6%). A different measure of mood and apathy showed similar improvement for participants of both therapy types trialed with analyses of a smaller dataset (n = 36) revealing an overall highly significant result (p=.008) and large effect size (partial eta squared = 25.6%) for all participants. To explore the perceptions of care staff to the dog therapy intervention, a self-complete semi-structured questionnaire was completed by a sample of 21 from two of the study facilities. Content analysis revealed that staff overwhelmingly supported dog therapy with a total of 84 comments about benefits and 22 about risks. Responses were categorised and then linked into emergent themes: a temporal dimension, sense of self and increased opportunities for self expression. The opportunity provided by the therapy dog for accessible caring physical contact for participants was identified as important. General recreational therapy goals such as improved mood, reminiscence and increased levels of conversation were reported by staff to continue beyond interventions. The observed risks were: confusion over dog ownership, subsequent worry about losing the dog after sessions, jealousy over the therapy dog and one participant did not enjoy the small group format. Participants described their experiences of contact with the therapy dog as “like” above “attached”. Personal preference explanations are therefore supported, rather than “attachment”, to explain outcomes for participants. This suggests the psychosocial approach has greater relevance here than human-animal bond explanations. Effects of previous dog attachment on outcomes were inconclusive but there was some evidence that participants’ relationship with the therapy dog(s) influenced outcomes, though the nature of that relationship has not been clarified. Recommendations from the study findings are that dog therapy be conducted for people with mild to moderate levels of dementia in groups of 3-11 for a duration of around 10 weeks with sessions for 30 minutes held once or twice weekly and according to a standard format. Opportunities for participants to touch, hug and interact directly with the therapy dog should be maximised without compromising dog welfare. The findings suggest that respect for the personhood of participants is important to the success of the therapy types trialled, which further supports psychosocial therapies involving contact with people or live animals for use with people with dementia over those that minimise or exclude it.

Rapid increases in population ageing and the associated rise in the prevalence of dementia have created many challenges for the care of older people with dementia. As the majority of people now living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) now have dementia, the need to maximise the quality of life for this group is increasingly recognised. While such issues have attracted research and policy attention in recent years, the evidence base for practice in dementia care is still underdeveloped. The need for more effective therapeutic interventions to improve the quality of life for older people with dementia is recognised, particularly those living in RACFs. The use of pets is one example of recent attempts to help create a more home-like environment and dog therapy is available in many facilities. Well designed research to demonstrate whether it actually has a positive impact on residents’ quality of life is lacking. This study is the first reported randomised controlled trial investigating dog therapy for people with dementia. Fifty-five older people with mild to moderate dementia living in three residential aged care facilities in the Greater Brisbane area participated in this study. The goal was to identify whether dog therapy accrued any benefits to residents’ well being and compare the benefits, if any, with human-only therapy intervention. The main hypothesis was that dog contact delivered in a small group recreational therapy format would have a beneficial effect on the well being of participants. It was additionally hypothesised that prior and current positive relationships with dogs would be related to improved outcomes of dog therapy and support a human-animal bond explanation of relationship development with the therapy dog(s). Participants were randomly assigned into two groups within each facility: The dog therapy group and a human-only therapy group. Session plans were structured according to a recreational therapy format. Three therapy dogs were used (a miniature Poodle, a Staffordshire Terrier and a German Shepherd Dog) with one dog present at any dog therapy session A before-and-after design was used with concealment of participants at allocation. Mixed methods were used including a panel of seven validated psychometric instruments, an observational measure and a series of four novel questionnaires, dogs for older groups with Alzheimer’s (DOGA), developed de novo specifically to investigate the effects of dog therapy on participants within this study. Measures of mood, quality of life, health and psychosocial functioning, collectively referred to as well-being, detected benefits accruing to dog therapy participants compared with human-only therapy that approached significance (p = .056) with a large effect size (partial eta squared 16.6%). A different measure of mood and apathy showed similar improvement for participants of both therapy types trialed with analyses of a smaller dataset (n = 36) revealing an overall highly significant result (p=.008) and large effect size (partial eta squared = 25.6%) for all participants. To explore the perceptions of care staff to the dog therapy intervention, a self-complete semi-structured questionnaire was completed by a sample of 21 from two of the study facilities. Content analysis revealed that staff overwhelmingly supported dog therapy with a total of 84 comments about benefits and 22 about risks. Responses were categorised and then linked into emergent themes: a temporal dimension, sense of self and increased opportunities for self expression. The opportunity provided by the therapy dog for accessible caring physical contact for participants was identified as important. General recreational therapy goals such as improved mood, reminiscence and increased levels of conversation were reported by staff to continue beyond interventions. The observed risks were: confusion over dog ownership, subsequent worry about losing the dog after sessions, jealousy over the therapy dog and one participant did not enjoy the small group format. Participants described their experiences of contact with the therapy dog as “like” above “attached”. Personal preference explanations are therefore supported, rather than “attachment”, to explain outcomes for participants. This suggests the psychosocial approach has greater relevance here than human-animal bond explanations. Effects of previous dog attachment on outcomes were inconclusive but there was some evidence that participants’ relationship with the therapy dog(s) influenced outcomes, though the nature of that relationship has not been clarified. Recommendations from the study findings are that dog therapy be conducted for people with mild to moderate levels of dementia in groups of 3-11 for a duration of around 10 weeks with sessions for 30 minutes held once or twice weekly and according to a standard format. Opportunities for participants to touch, hug and interact directly with the therapy dog should be maximised without compromising dog welfare. The findings suggest that respect for the personhood of participants is important to the success of the therapy types trialled, which further supports psychosocial therapies involving contact with people or live animals for use with people with dementia over those that minimise or exclude it.

Rapid increases in population ageing and the associated rise in the prevalence of dementia have created many challenges for the care of older people with dementia. As the majority of people now living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) now have dementia, the need to maximise the quality of life for this group is increasingly recognised. While such issues have attracted research and policy attention in recent years, the evidence base for practice in dementia care is still underdeveloped. The need for more effective therapeutic interventions to improve the quality of life for older people with dementia is recognised, particularly those living in RACFs. The use of pets is one example of recent attempts to help create a more home-like environment and dog therapy is available in many facilities. Well designed research to demonstrate whether it actually has a positive impact on residents’ quality of life is lacking. This study is the first reported randomised controlled trial investigating dog therapy for people with dementia. Fifty-five older people with mild to moderate dementia living in three residential aged care facilities in the Greater Brisbane area participated in this study. The goal was to identify whether dog therapy accrued any benefits to residents’ well being and compare the benefits, if any, with human-only therapy intervention. The main hypothesis was that dog contact delivered in a small group recreational therapy format would have a beneficial effect on the well being of participants. It was additionally hypothesised that prior and current positive relationships with dogs would be related to improved outcomes of dog therapy and support a human-animal bond explanation of relationship development with the therapy dog(s). Participants were randomly assigned into two groups within each facility: The dog therapy group and a human-only therapy group. Session plans were structured according to a recreational therapy format. Three therapy dogs were used (a miniature Poodle, a Staffordshire Terrier and a German Shepherd Dog) with one dog present at any dog therapy session A before-and-after design was used with concealment of participants at allocation. Mixed methods were used including a panel of seven validated psychometric instruments, an observational measure and a series of four novel questionnaires, dogs for older groups with Alzheimer’s (DOGA), developed de novo specifically to investigate the effects of dog therapy on participants within this study. Measures of mood, quality of life, health and psychosocial functioning, collectively referred to as well-being, detected benefits accruing to dog therapy participants compared with human-only therapy that approached significance (p = .056) with a large effect size (partial eta squared 16.6%). A different measure of mood and apathy showed similar improvement for participants of both therapy types trialed with analyses of a smaller dataset (n = 36) revealing an overall highly significant result (p=.008) and large effect size (partial eta squared = 25.6%) for all participants. To explore the perceptions of care staff to the dog therapy intervention, a self-complete semi-structured questionnaire was completed by a sample of 21 from two of the study facilities. Content analysis revealed that staff overwhelmingly supported dog therapy with a total of 84 comments about benefits and 22 about risks. Responses were categorised and then linked into emergent themes: a temporal dimension, sense of self and increased opportunities for self expression. The opportunity provided by the therapy dog for accessible caring physical contact for participants was identified as important. General recreational therapy goals such as improved mood, reminiscence and increased levels of conversation were reported by staff to continue beyond interventions. The observed risks were: confusion over dog ownership, subsequent worry about losing the dog after sessions, jealousy over the therapy dog and one participant did not enjoy the small group format. Participants described their experiences of contact with the therapy dog as “like” above “attached”. Personal preference explanations are therefore supported, rather than “attachment”, to explain outcomes for participants. This suggests the psychosocial approach has greater relevance here than human-animal bond explanations. Effects of previous dog attachment on outcomes were inconclusive but there was some evidence that participants’ relationship with the therapy dog(s) influenced outcomes, though the nature of that relationship has not been clarified. Recommendations from the study findings are that dog therapy be conducted for people with mild to moderate levels of dementia in groups of 3-11 for a duration of around 10 weeks with sessions for 30 minutes held once or twice weekly and according to a standard format. Opportunities for participants to touch, hug and interact directly with the therapy dog should be maximised without compromising dog welfare. The findings suggest that respect for the personhood of participants is important to the success of the therapy types trialled, which further supports psychosocial therapies involving contact with people or live animals for use with people with dementia over those that minimise or exclude it.