Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANIEL ALVES DOS SANTOS.pdf: 753945 bytes, checksum: afda5a269470fca58eeade14eb681377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-09 / In his theory of mimetic desire, René Girard presents Christ as an ideal to be followed since Jesus has demonstrated how is it possible to solve conflicts without associating it to vengeance of violence. Through his victimization on the Cross, Jesus reveals the truth about whom we are and who the Lord is. By demonstrating his innocence, He reverts to himself the accusation of those keeping themselves on the circle of self-justification by transfer of guilt. Thereby, the Christ decides to forgive by his own will. This is a new form of forgiveness that is called Novum.The Novum reveals a new way to bond with people who have wronged us and to try to understand ourselves through the other. This new mimesis values life, freedom, and care for the neighbor, the reconciliation more than gifts and sacrifices. This is dialectical overcoming because in this process the decision of forgiving belongs to the subject and the decision of reconciliation also depends on the one that was offended.Through the novum it is possible to change the direction of the past, destroy fatality and not to continue being a hostage of guilt. This attitude allows the subject to look to the future with hope. Focusing on the Passion and the Resurrection the subject finds who he really is and will be able to decide to pursue the Christ centric model. This decision takes him off the violent mimesis to start to elaborate the will to decide to forgive the one that has offended him. Finally, the subject recognizes the novum forgiveness as a model that when is imitated and donated is capable of remaking the one forgiving as well as the one that is forgiven. / Em sua teoria mimética do desejo, René Girard apresenta Cristo como modelo ideal a ser seguido, uma vez que Jesus demonstrou como é possível resolver conflitos sem associá-los à vingança ou à violência. Através de sua vitimização na Cruz, Jesus revela toda a verdade de quem somos e quem Deus é, ao manifestar sua inocência, Ele reverte para si a acusação daqueles que se mantêm no círculo da auto justificação por transferência da culpa. Assim, o Cristo decide, por sua livre vontade, perdoar. Isto é, uma nova forma de perdão, que denominamos novum. Fundamentado no amor, ele vem de fora e fura o círculo da violência. O novum revela uma nova maneira de se relacionar com as pessoas que nos prejudicaram, de tentar compreender quem somos através do Outro. Essa nova mimesis valoriza a vida, a liberdade, o cuidado com o próximo, a reconciliação mais do que ofertas e sacrifícios. Trata-se de uma superação dialética, pois, apesar de nesse processo a decisão de perdoar estar de posse do sujeito sendo esta uma via de mão única , a decisão de reconciliação depende também do ofendido/ofensor, esta outra, via de mão dupla . Através do novum é possível mudar o sentido do passado, destruir a fatalidade e não ter necessidade de continuar como refém da culpa. Esta atitude possibilita o sujeito olhar o futuro com esperança. Ao focar a Paixão e a Ressurreição, o sujeito descobre quem ele realmente é e poderá decidir seguir o modelo Cristocêntrico. Essa decisão leva-o a sair da mimesis violenta e passar a elaborar a vontade, para então decidir perdoar àquele que o ofendeu. O sujeito, por fim, reconhece o perdão novum como modelo que ao ser imitado e doado é capaz de refazer a pessoa de seu doador, bem como àquele que é perdoado.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Jacinto Nascimento Motta.pdf: 1413752 bytes, checksum: 466d45d754b40761f382c04cc0cb65a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-23 / The PhD. thesis here offered has as its aim the presentation of the Baconian conception of induction, understood as an essential element for the realization of Francis Bacon s project of a Restauration of by means of a reform of learning and sciences. In his most important and influente work, the Instauratio Magna, Bacon highlights the need for a wide survey of both the knowledge and sciences already established in order to know which of these should be abandoned, which perfected and which still are in need of implementation. Once this is achieved, and with due governamental support, a new scientifical era was supposed to begin and many advancements would also be achieved by Humankind. Notwithstanding, as Bacon points out, the reformation of sciences demands a change in the proceedings used by the investigator, which, in turn, results in a reformulation of both the idea of experience and the pattern of inference. It also indicates that the new scientifical era demands the establishment of investigative communities instead of isolated researchers, so that common mistakes to human nature should be avoided. This change, however, could only be realized in a mind duly cleansed of prejudices caused by both the philosophical tradition and by the natural characteristics of Humankind. The first were supposed to be corrected by means of the purging of idols, i.e. false notions which inhabit our mind and are imposed by culture; the latter, being these the greatest impediments on account of having to do with human nature itself, would be corrected by means of three different modalities of help, which combined form the novum organum (the new induction) or the new pattern of Bacon s scientific inference. This new induction must be understood in the contexto of the need for reformulations which promote the necessary aid to the investigator, being the histories the aids to the senses, the tables of presentation of instances the aids to memory and the new induction (Novum Organum) the aid to reason. Thus, we understand that the best interpretative key as regards the Baconian epistemology is the proposal of a reform of human understanding, and not merely the reformation of the logic used in investigations. Such reform would possibilitate the emergence of a new man, gifted with new logical tools and which would cooperate with other researchers towards the aim of assembling a type of inferential device, a collective investigative machine / A tese de doutorado aqui apresentada tem por objetivo apresentar a concepção baconiana de indução entendida como elemento essencial para a efetivação do projeto de Francis Bacon de uma Restauração da humanidade por meio da reforma do conhecimento e das ciências. Em sua mais significativa e influente obra, a Instauratio Magna, Bacon estabelece a necessidade de uma ampla avaliação dos saberes e ciências já constituídos a fim de saber quais devem ser abandonados, quais aprimorados e quais ainda necessitam implantação. De posse desse inventário, e com o devido apoio governamental, uma nova era científica teria início e muitos avanços seriam alcançados pela humanidade. Contudo, observa Bacon, a reforma das ciências exige uma alteração dos procedimentos adotados pelo investigador, o que leva a uma reformulação da ideia de experiência e do padrão de inferência utilizados. Também indica que a nova era científica exige que sejam constituídas comunidades investigativas, em lugar dos pesquisadores, a fim de se evitarem os erros comuns à natureza humana. Mas, isso somente poderia ser efetivado em uma mente devidamente purificada dos prejuízos causados pela tradição filosófica e pelas características naturais do homem. Os primeiros seriam corrigidos por meio da eliminação dos Ídolos, as falsas noções que habitam nossa mente impostas pela cultura. As segundas, os maiores impedimentos por se tratarem da própria natureza humana, seriam corrigidos por meio de três diferentes modalidades de ajuda, que juntas formam o novum organum (ou nova indução), o novo padrão de inferência científica de Bacon. Esta nova indução deve ser entendida no contexto da necessidade de reformas que promovam os auxílios necessários ao investigador, sendo as histórias os auxílios aos sentidos, as tábuas de organização das instâncias os auxílios à memória e a nova indução (ou novum organum) o auxílio à razão. Assim, nosso entendimento é que a melhor chave interpretativa para a epistemologia baconiana é a proposta de uma reforma do entendimento humano, não meramente a reforma da lógica utilizada nas investigações, da qual emergiriam um outro homem, dotado de novas ferramentas lógicas, trabalhando em cooperação, formando uma espécie de dispositivo inferencial, ou uma máquina investigativa coletiva

Submitted by Ana Carolina Costa Moreira (k.rolcostam@gmail.com) on 2018-01-25T14:33:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINOSA A EXISTÊNCIA COMO TRAVESSIA.pdf: 1639393 bytes, checksum: 35e093fc9f89b86be9a00ea5f4aa1b0a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca Isaías Alves (reposiufbat@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-26T11:59:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINOSA A EXISTÊNCIA COMO TRAVESSIA.pdf: 1639393 bytes, checksum: 35e093fc9f89b86be9a00ea5f4aa1b0a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T11:59:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ESPINOSA A EXISTÊNCIA COMO TRAVESSIA.pdf: 1639393 bytes, checksum: 35e093fc9f89b86be9a00ea5f4aa1b0a (MD5) / CAPES / O objetivo do trabalho é analisar o conceito de novum institutum, aqui também chamado de maneira de viver, a fim de destacar a aproximação entre conhecimento e existência na filosofia de Espinosa. A relação entre conhecer e existir implica decidir por aquilo que nos é mais útil a fim de potencializar a nossa existência. A esse percurso, de uma maneira de vida marcada por distrações para uma maneira de viver mais potente chamaremos travessia. A hipótese que nos orientou é a possibilidade de, a partir de premissas cedidas pela filosofia espinosana, pensarmos a possibilidade de um modo singular pensar a sua própria existência. Ou seja, torna-se, em alguma medida, cônscio da possibilidade de instituir para si formas de existir. Entendemos que a partir de uma nova determinação acerca dos valores tradicionais e do cultivo do desejo por uma vida mais potente Espinosa apresenta um sofisticado percurso para o aumento da autonomia do indivíduo e a instituição de uma nova maneira de existir. Nosso trabalho tem como referência principal o Tractatus de Intellectus Emendatione (TIE), além da Ethica Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata. / The purpose of this research is to analyze the concept of novum institutum, here also called the life forms, in order to highlight the approximation between knowledge and existence in the philosophy of Espinosa. The relation between knowing and existing implies deciding for what is most convenient to potentiate our existence. In this way, from a the life forms marked by distractions (distraithur) to a more potent life form, we will call it a ferry. The hypothesis that guided us is the possibility, based on premisses yielded by the espinosana philosophy, we think about the possibility of a singular way to think about its own existence. That is to say, it becomes, to some extent, aware of the possibility of establishing for itself forms of existence. We understand that from the denaturation of traditional values and the cultivation of desire for a more powerful life Espinosa presents a sophisticated path to increase the autonomy of the individual and the institution of a new form of existence. Our work has as main reference the Tractatus of Intellectus Emendatione (TIE), besides the Ethica Ordine Geometrico Demonstrata.

För att främja arkitektonisk mångfald och ekologiskt hållbart byggande bör vi bygg-och inredningsarkitekter värna om kulturvärden och positiva kvaliteter i den redan byggda miljön. Samtidigt behöver vi utvärdera om den existerande arkitekturen uppfyller nuvarande och framtida behov. Om behov av radikal förändring överskrider nyttan att konservativt bevara fastigheter, måste bygg-och inredningsarkitekter nyttja arbetsmetoder som tillåter ursprungliga karaktärsdrag och kulturvärden att leva vidare. Detta i linje med vad som står i plan-och-bygglagen, förespråkas i Riksdagens miljömål och lyfts i arkitekturbranschens pågående diskurs om bevarandet av befintlig arkitektur.  I mitt examensprojekt i inredningsarkitektur analyserar jag den befintliga byggnaden Novum i Flemingsberg, som står inför en radikal förändring där mittskeppet ska rivas och ersättas med en ny gestaltning. Det nya designförslaget anser jag inte i tillräckligt hög utsträckning tar vara på byggnadens arkitektoniska identitet, som är tätt sammankopplat till kontexten. Genom översättning av utvalda designelement ämnar jag skapa en hybridgestaltning, som förmedlar essensen av originalet men med inslag av vår samtid. Ett liberalt bevarande av arkitektur genom dess förnyelse, vars process jag även kallar gestaltningsevolution.

A taxonomic synopsis of Philippine Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) is presented. Following a study of 138 published names and their types, we accept 98 Cyrtandra species for the Philippine flora. Except for C. angularis, C. elatostemoides, and C. yaeyamae, all are endemic to the country. Lectotypes or neotypes are designated for all names for which this is necessary, except for six names for which we were unable to locate original material. We also validate a species name that was previously described without a Latin diagnosis (C. peninsula), synonymize three names, and provide taxonomic notes for each species. In addition, we propose two replacement names for taxa for which a legitimate name in Cyrtandra does not currently exist: C. edanoi for a Philippine species and C. siporensis for a Sumatran species. A look-up table is provided to facilitate referencing of currently accepted names in Philippine Cyrtandra.

Master of Philosophy (MPhil) / Informationist Science Fiction theory provides a way of analysing science fiction texts and narratives in order to demonstrate on an informational basis the uniqueness of science fiction proper as a mode of fiction writing. The theoretical framework presented can be applied to all types of written texts, including non-fictional texts. In "Informationist Science Fiction Theory and Informationist Science Fiction" the author applies the theoretical framework and its specific methods and principles to various contemporary science fiction works, including works by William Gibson, Neal Stephenson and Vernor Vinge. The theoretical framework introduces a new informational theoretic re-framing of existing science fiction literary theoretic posits such as Darko Suvin's novum, the mega-text as conceived of by Damien Broderick, and the work of Samuel R Delany in investigating the subjunctive mood in SF. An informational aesthetics of SF proper is established, and the influence of analytic philosophy - especially modal logic - is investigated. The materialist foundations of the metaphysical outlook of SF proper is investigated with a view to elucidating the importance of the relationship between scientific materialism and SF. SF is presented as The Fiction of Veridical, Counterfactual and Heterogeneous Information.

Master of Philosophy (MPhil) / Informationist Science Fiction theory provides a way of analysing science fiction texts and narratives in order to demonstrate on an informational basis the uniqueness of science fiction proper as a mode of fiction writing. The theoretical framework presented can be applied to all types of written texts, including non-fictional texts. In "Informationist Science Fiction Theory and Informationist Science Fiction" the author applies the theoretical framework and its specific methods and principles to various contemporary science fiction works, including works by William Gibson, Neal Stephenson and Vernor Vinge. The theoretical framework introduces a new informational theoretic re-framing of existing science fiction literary theoretic posits such as Darko Suvin's novum, the mega-text as conceived of by Damien Broderick, and the work of Samuel R Delany in investigating the subjunctive mood in SF. An informational aesthetics of SF proper is established, and the influence of analytic philosophy - especially modal logic - is investigated. The materialist foundations of the metaphysical outlook of SF proper is investigated with a view to elucidating the importance of the relationship between scientific materialism and SF. SF is presented as The Fiction of Veridical, Counterfactual and Heterogeneous Information.

(Résumé) Ce mémoire propose une analyse des représentations de la nature et de l’environnement dans deux œuvres de science-fiction: la trilogie des Rifters—de l’auteur canadien Peter Watts—, qui comprend trois romans en quatre tomes: Starfish (1999), Maelstrom (2001), Behemoth B-Max (2004) et Behemoth Seppuku (2005); et le roman The Road (2006) de l’auteur américain Cormac McCarthy. Cette étude vise à théoriser les implications critiques et littéraires de ces représentations. Pour ce faire, un survol de quelques-unes des principales théories de la science-fiction précède l’analyse des romans. L’intégration de ces théories et des concepts qu’elles mettent de l’avant à l’analyse des romans me permet d’articuler le fait que, dans les récits choisis, les novums science-fictionnels entraînent la défamiliarisation de la nature et de l’environnement, ce qui produit un effet d’étrangeté. En effet, dans ces récits la nature est soit hybride— transformée par l’intervention des humains et de la technologie—, soit malade, mourante, détruite, ou absente et pleurée par les personnages, qui se la remémorent en rêve. Dans les deux cas, la nature est ré-imaginée, l’environnement est recontextualisé et des mondes post-naturels sont présentés d’une façon qui implique des stratégies littéraires semblables, mais une différence critique importante: la trilogie de Watts met en évidence les conséquences tragiques possibles de notre échec à surmonter les enjeux environnementaux de notre époque. Le roman de McCarthy dresse le portrait de la destruction de la société et de la planète tels que nous les connaissons, mais en tait les causes. // (Abstract) This thesis analyzes the representations of nature and environments in two works of science fiction: the Rifters Trilogy, by the Canadian author Peter Watts, comprised of three novels in four volumes: Starfish (1999), Maelstrom (2001), Behemoth B-Max (2004), and Behemoth Seppuku (2005); and the novel The Road (2006), by the American author Cormac McCarthy, in order to theorize their critical and literary implications. To do so, some significant theories in the field of science fiction theory are explored and appropriated in order to develop analyses of the novels. The integration of these theories and their concepts in the analyses allows me to articulate how nature and environments are defamiliarized and generate an estrangement effect within the selected narratives because of their respective sf novums and the consequences they entail. Nature is presented in the primary texts as hybrid — transformed by human intervention and technology — but also as sick, dying, destroyed, and as something lost, absent, mourned and virtually only remembered in dreams. Both works re-imagine nature, re- contextualize environments, and ultimately present post-natural worlds in ways that evidence similar literary strategies. However, they offer a major critical difference: for the Rifters trilogy points out the possible tragic consequences of the failure to overcome environmental issues in our time, while The Road portrays the destruction of society and the planet as we know them but silences the causes.

Novel communication barriers, innovative obstacles to mutual understanding that deviate from the norms of the actual world, are a recurring yet understudied presence in aesthetic worlds of all kinds. Some examples of this are Dana’s twentieth-century way of speaking that travels back in time with her in Kindred, or Americans under Japanese occupation struggling to speak through cultural and linguistic barriers in an alternate historical timeline in The Man in the High Castle, or the unique obstructions to communication in the alien encounters of Ursula Le Guin’s The Left Hand of Darkness or Ted Chiang’s “The Story of Your Life.” In certain works, communication barriers carry such a novel character and occupy such a prominent place in the narrative that they call out for interpretation at a metadiegetic level. In previous scholarship, linguistic inventiveness has been studied primarily for the ways it speaks to science fiction genre distinctions. This essay aims to reveal how the recurrence of this foregrounded literary mechanism points to a transcultural and transhistorical tendency that goes beyond science fiction. With the aim of proving its usefulness in world literature studies, the goal is to analyze the presence of the novel barrier in seven different texts and how it projects a certain theory of the world. Using Darko Suvin’s concept of the novum and Eric Hayot’s metadiegetic structures I argue that novel communication barriers have in their nature a foregrounding effect that projects a kind of worldedness that accounts for the way communication is conceptualized and experienced. Using Jürgen Habermas’s theory of communication to substantiate this worldedness, I demonstrate how the motivation toward rational consensus on truth claims behind each act of communication has a world-creating effect which is articulated by the novel communication barrier in these texts.

The aim of this study is to examine intangible aspects of medieval church architecture from an art historical perspective, by using the theoretical frameworks of  the theologist Alf Härdelin’s theory on multidimensionality and the philosopher of languages  John Langshaw Austin’s the­ory on speech acts and performativity. It studies the relationship between church architecture and liturgy during the 15th century. This case study’s main material is the Upland parish church Ärentuna and the liturgical sources Missale Upsalense novum (1513) and the devotional book Siælinna thrøst (15th century). The interior of the church has been examined to understand how the church interior may have been furnished during the 15th century.  During the 15th century the church had many more altars and devotion pictures than what one can see in the current furnishings of the church. There is a narratological succession in the construction of the building, as well as the iconographical motifs, from West to East, thus the meaning of it becomes increasingly sacred. In that way, the construction of the building, as well as the wall paintings converses, with the liturgy – which has its core in the choir. When lay­people entered the sacred space of the church, they perceived things in a specific order, which creates a sense of order and cohesion within the liturgy. The study found that liturgy produces meaning in the church architecture by giving a visual expression to faith through images. Through performative speech acts found in the liturgy, a multidimensional experience is created by the (theological) fact of Christ's presence in the church. The nave's paintings enhance the visitor’s experience of the church interior as an eternal heavenly presence with motifs such as the Seven days of Creation, the Ten Commandments, the Passion of Christ and finally the Last Judgment.