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No. of bitstreams: 1 coaguilanunez_dn_dr_ilha.pdf: 7476556 bytes, checksum: 22e091cc3eb8948aa1965629836090d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-27 / Outra / Em cenários de mudanças climáticas e de uso e ocupação do solo, a bacia do córrego Cabeceira Comprida, localizada em Santa Fé do Sul - SP, se apresenta degradada com talvegues assoreados, ausência de matas ciliares e nascentes desprotegidas levando à incapacidade de gerar e armazenar água para atender a demanda atual (população, agricultura e saneamento) e em períodos de seca, agravando-se em prolongadas estiagens, como em 2004, 2013 e 2014 agravando o problema do abastecimento de água à população. Sendo assim, torna-se importante avaliar os fluxos hídricos da água acima do solo na bacia com o uso combinado de imagens de satélites Landsat 5 (TM) e Landsat-8 (OLI e TIRS) no período de 2000 - 2011 e 2013 - 2015 e informações provenientes de estações agrometeorológicas. Para tanto, utilizou-se o modelo Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) para estimativa da evapotranspiração atual (ETa), resultando em uma média da bacia no período avaliado de 0,70 mm dia-1, 0,85 mm dia-1 das espécies invasoras (EI), 1,20 mm dia-1 da mata remanescente (MR), 0,70 mm dia-1 da pastagem (Pa), 0,65 mm dia-1 das culturas anuais (CA) e 0,72 mm dia-1 das culturas perenes (CP). O ano de 2003 registrou a menor média de ETa da bacia com 0,42 mm dia-1, enquanto o ano de 2015 apresentou a maior média anual do período estudado, com 1,03 mm dia-1. Destaca-se que os valores da ETa das EI equivale ao consumo de 25% da população de Santa Fé do Sul, o que traz consequências na época seca quando o recurso hídrico é mais escasso. Estes cenários exigem ações imediatas para a produção e armazenamento de água na bacia, que tem morfometria alongada, evidenciando menor risco de cheias em condições normais de pluviosidade anual. A declividade média de 5,4% caracteriza o relevo como suave-ondulado, com drenagem deficiente (1,054 km km-2). Com essas características morfométricas associadas à precipitação anual média de 1.271 mm e padrão de drenagem caracterizado como do tipo dendrítico, com baixo grau de ramificação (Ordem 3), a disponibilidade de água não deveria ser um problema, mas o é, pelo fato de que a bacia se encontra degradada com apenas 4,5% de MR, os serviços ecossistêmicos fornecidos pela vegetação natural são mínimos e insuficientes para atender a demanda de água por parte dos usuários. São necessárias a adoção de medidas de mitigação, incluindo intervenção e implementação ações como por exemplo, o pagamento por serviços ambientais, sendo uma medida urgente a preservação ou recomposição da mata ciliar. / In a scenario of climate change and land use and occupation, the watershed of Cabeceira Comprida stream, located in Santa Fé do Sul - São Paulo State, presents as degraded with thalwegs sedimented, absence of riparian forests and unprotected springs leading to the inability to generate and store water to meet current demand (population, agriculture and sanitation) in periods of drought, aggravating in prolonged droughts, such as those of 2004, 2013 and 2014 exacerbating the problem of water supply to the population. Being necessary to evaluate the behavior of above-ground water in the watershed with combined use of Landsat 5 (TM) and Landsat - 8 images (OLI and TIRS) in the period of 2000 - 2011 and 2013 - 2015 and information from agrometeorological stations. Therefore, we used the Simple Algorithm for Retrieving Evapotranspiration (SAFER) to estimate actual evapotranspiration, resulting in average basin during the study period of 0.70 mm dia-1, 0.85 mm dia-1 of invasive species (EI), 1.20 mm dia-1 of the remaining forest (MR), 0.70 mm dia-1 of pasture (Pa), 0.65 mm dia-1 of annual crops (CA) e 0.72 mm dia-1 of perennial crop (CP). The year 2003 recorded the lowest average evapotranspiration of the basin with 0.42 mm dia-1, while the year 2015 had the highest annual average in the study period with 1.03 mm dia-1. It is worth noting that the evapotranspiration of the IE corresponds to the consumption of 25% of the population of Santa Fé do Sul, which has consequences in the dry season when the water resource is scarcer, requiring immediate actions for the production and storage of water in the watershed, which has an elongated morphometry, showing a lower risk of flooding under normal annual rainfall conditions. The mean slope of 5.4% is characterized by a smooth-wavy relief with poor drainage (1.054 km km-2). With these morphometric characteristics associated to the average annual precipitation of 1,271 mm and drainage pattern characterized as dendritic type, with low degree of branching (Order 3), the availability of water should not be a problem, but it is due to the fact that the watershed is degraded with only 4.5% of remaining forest, the ecosystem services provided by natural vegetation are minimal and insufficient to meet users' water demand. It is necessary to adopt mitigation actions, including intervention and implementation actions such as payment for environmental services, being an urgent measure the preservation or restoration of the riparian forest.

Orientador: Fernando Braz Tangerino Hernandez / Resumo: Em cenários de mudanças climáticas e de uso e ocupação do solo, a bacia do córrego Cabeceira Comprida, localizada em Santa Fé do Sul - SP, se apresenta degradada com talvegues assoreados, ausência de matas ciliares e nascentes desprotegidas levando à incapacidade de gerar e armazenar água para atender a demanda atual (população, agricultura e saneamento) e em períodos de seca, agravando-se em prolongadas estiagens, como em 2004, 2013 e 2014 agravando o problema do abastecimento de água à população. Sendo assim, torna-se importante avaliar os fluxos hídricos da água acima do solo na bacia com o uso combinado de imagens de satélites Landsat 5 (TM) e Landsat-8 (OLI e TIRS) no período de 2000 - 2011 e 2013 - 2015 e informações provenientes de estações agrometeorológicas. Para tanto, utilizou-se o modelo Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) para estimativa da evapotranspiração atual (ETa), resultando em uma média da bacia no período avaliado de 0,70 mm dia-1, 0,85 mm dia-1 das espécies invasoras (EI), 1,20 mm dia-1 da mata remanescente (MR), 0,70 mm dia-1 da pastagem (Pa), 0,65 mm dia-1 das culturas anuais (CA) e 0,72 mm dia-1 das culturas perenes (CP). O ano de 2003 registrou a menor média de ETa da bacia com 0,42 mm dia-1, enquanto o ano de 2015 apresentou a maior média anual do período estudado, com 1,03 mm dia-1. Destaca-se que os valores da ETa das EI equivale ao consumo de 25% da população de Santa Fé do Sul, o que traz consequências na época seca quand... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In a scenario of climate change and land use and occupation, the watershed of Cabeceira Comprida stream, located in Santa Fé do Sul - São Paulo State, presents as degraded with thalwegs sedimented, absence of riparian forests and unprotected springs leading to the inability to generate and store water to meet current demand (population, agriculture and sanitation) in periods of drought, aggravating in prolonged droughts, such as those of 2004, 2013 and 2014 exacerbating the problem of water supply to the population. Being necessary to evaluate the behavior of above-ground water in the watershed with combined use of Landsat 5 (TM) and Landsat - 8 images (OLI and TIRS) in the period of 2000 - 2011 and 2013 - 2015 and information from agrometeorological stations. Therefore, we used the Simple Algorithm for Retrieving Evapotranspiration (SAFER) to estimate actual evapotranspiration, resulting in average basin during the study period of 0.70 mm dia-1, 0.85 mm dia-1 of invasive species (EI), 1.20 mm dia-1 of the remaining forest (MR), 0.70 mm dia-1 of pasture (Pa), 0.65 mm dia-1 of annual crops (CA) e 0.72 mm dia-1 of perennial crop (CP). The year 2003 recorded the lowest average evapotranspiration of the basin with 0.42 mm dia-1, while the year 2015 had the highest annual average in the study period with 1.03 mm dia-1. It is worth noting that the evapotranspiration of the IE corresponds to the consumption of 25% of the population of Santa Fé do Sul, which has consequences in the d... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Les problèmes d’optimisation discrète sont pour beaucoup difficiles à résoudre, depar leur nature combinatoire. Citons par exemple les problèmes de programmationlinéaire en nombres entiers. Une approche couramment employée pour les résoudreexactement est l’approche de Séparation et Évaluation Progressive. Une approchedifférente appelée « Resolution Search » a été proposée par Chvátal en 1997 pourrésoudre exactement des problèmes d’optimisation à variables 0-1, mais elle restemal connue et n’a été que peu appliquée depuis.Cette thèse tente de remédier à cela, avec un succès partiel. Une première contributionconsiste en la généralisation de Resolution Search à tout problème d’optimisationdiscrète, tout en introduisant de nouveaux concepts et définitions. Ensuite,afin de confirmer l’intérêt de cette approche, nous avons essayé de l’appliquer enpratique pour résoudre efficacement des problèmes bien connus. Bien que notrerecherche n’ait pas abouti sur ce point, elle nous a amené à de nouvelles méthodespour résoudre exactement les problèmes d’affectation généralisée et de localisationsimple. Après avoir présenté ces méthodes, la thèse conclut avec un bilan et desperspectives sur l’application pratique de Resolution Search. / The combinatorial nature of discrete optimization problems often makes them difficultto solve. Consider for instance integer linear programming problems, which arecommonly solved using a Branch-and-Bound approach. An alternative approach,Resolution Search, was proposed by Chvátal in 1997 for solving 0-1 optimizationproblems, but remains little known to this day and as such has seen few practicalapplications.This thesis attempts to remedy this state of affairs, with partial success. Itsfirst contribution consists in the generalization of Resolution Search to any discreteoptimization problem, while introducing new definitions and concepts. Next, wetried to validate this approach by attempting to solve well-known problems efficientlywith it. Although our research did not succeed in this respect, it lead usto new methods for solving the generalized assignment and uncapacitated facilitylocation problems. After presenting these methods, this thesis concludes with asummary of our attempts at practical application of Resolution Search, along withfurther perspectives on this matter.

nÃo hà / This study aims to investigate the long-term relationship between the exclusion of the board of trade companies of Cearà (JUCEC) and the exclusion of same in the Integrated Payment of Taxes and Contributions of Micro and Small Enterprises (SIMPLE). The study is conducted in the period 1997 to 2011 with monthly data obtained from the competent bodies (JUCEC and Ministry of Finance through the IRS). The econometric approach used was the cointegration test of Engle-Granger (EG). The results show that before starting the National SIMPLE which entered into force in July 2007, the relationship between variables was stable. Only after that period the relationship became ascendant indicating non-stationarity of both series. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a relaÃÃo de longo prazo entre a exclusÃo de empresas na junta comercial do Cearà (JUCEC) e a inclusÃo da mesma no Sistema Integrado de Pagamento de Impostos e ContribuiÃÃes das Microempresas e Empresas de Pequeno Porte (SIMPLES). O estudo foi realizado no perÃodo de 1997 a 2011 com dados mensais obtidos junto aos ÃrgÃos competentes (JUCEC e MinistÃrio da Fazenda atravÃs da Receita Federal). A abordagem economÃtrica utilizada foi o teste de cointegraÃÃo de Engle- Granger (EG). Os resultados mostraram que antes de iniciar o SIMPLES Nacional que entrou em vigor em julho de 2007, a relaÃÃo entre as variÃveis era estÃvel. Somente apÃs tal perÃodo a relaÃÃo passou a ser ascendente indicando a nÃo estacionariedade de ambas as series.

Metrodorea A. St.-Hil. é um gênero neotropical de Rutaceae, com espécies que apresentam folhas compostas ou unifolioladas e heterofilia, além de uma intrigante estrutura protetora de gemas em sua base. Filogenias moleculares disponíveis para a família apontam para uma necessidade de revisão de sua classificação tradicional, que deve encontrar respaldo em sinapomorfias morfológicas adequadas para os novos grupos estabelecidos. Foi realizado um estudo da morfanatomia e ontogênese foliar de Metrodorea e grupos relacionados, observadas sob uma perspectiva filogenética, com dados disponíveis na literatura e obtidos de técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal. No primórdio de folha ocorre formação da base seguida de diferenciação acrópeta de primórdios de folíolos, sendo dois proximais pareados e um terminal nas folhas trifolioladas, mas apenas o terminal nas folhas simples e unifolioladas. Rudimentos de folíolos foram observados em espécies heterofilas de Metrodorea. Na base foliar das espécies deste gênero a estrutura protetora inicia-se como apêndices pareados, revelando uma condição estipular. A quantidade de folíolos é dependente de uma maior ou menor determinação do primórdio foliar e sua redução pode ter sido favorecida pela perda de folíolos durante uma restrição do espaço necessário para o desenvolvimento. Metrodorea tem como sinapomorfias a presença de aborto de folíolos, estípula intrapeciolar vascularizada, tricomas glandulares proximais adaxiais no pecíolo, folíolos evidentemente peciolulados, duas sementes por lóculo no fruto e estivação valvar da corola. Suas relações infragenéricas são debatidas de acordo com a localização dos cristais, forma de aderência da base das folhas e presença ou não de tricomas na lâmina foliar. A proximidade do gênero com Raulinoa é sustentada por uma maior quantidade de sinapomorfias morfológicas do que com outros gêneros. A monofilia de Esenbeckia não encontra apoio em nossos dados e Helietta + Balfourodendron (outrora de outra subfamília) são mais relacionados a Esenbeckia, Raulinoa e Metrodorea (antigas Pilocarpinae) do que com Pilocarpus, relação sustentada pela presença de tricomas glandulares no pecíolo, cristais prismáticos romboédricos, carpelos conatos e apófises dorsais do fruto / Metrodorea A. St.-Hil. is a Neotropical genus of Rutaceae, with species that have compound or 1-foliolated leaves and heterophylly, in addition to an intriguing bud-protecting structure on its basis. Available molecular phylogenies for the family indicate a need in reviewing its traditional classification, which must find support in appropriate morphological synapomorphies that support the new established groups. We conducted a study of leaf ontogeny and morphoanatomy of Metrodorea and related groups, under a phylogenetic framework, with data available in the literature and obtained from standard techniques in plant anatomy. In leaf primordia, the base formation is followed by acropetal differentiation of leaflet primordia, two paired proximal and one terminal on 3-foliated leaves, but only the terminal one on simple and 1-foliolated leaves. Leaflets rudiments were observed in heterophyllous species of Metrodorea. In species of this genus, at the base of the leaf, the protective structure emerges as paired appendages, revealing a stipular condition. The number of leaflets is dependent upon a greater or lesser determination of leaf primordium and its reduction may have been favored by the loss of leaflets as consequence of a restriction of the space required for development. Metrodorea synapomorphies found were: aborted leaflets, vascularized intrapeciolar stipules, glandular hairs in the proximal and adaxial region of the petiole, petiolulated leaflets, two seeds per locule in the fruit and valvar aestivation of the corolla. Their infrageneric relations are discussed according to the location of the crystals, adherence of the base of the leaves and the presence or absence of trichomes on the leaf blade. The close-relationship of the genus with Raulinoa is supported by a greater number of morphological synapomorphies than with other genera. The monophyly of Esenbeckia finds no support in our data and Helietta + Balfourodendron (formerly of another subfamily) are more related to Esenbeckia, Raulinoa and Metrodorea (former Pilocarpinae) than Pilocarpus, and such relationship is sustained by the presence of glandular hairs on the petiole, rhombohedral prismatic crystals, conate carpels and dorsal apophysis of the fruit

Les mécanismes d’assortiment, sont des marchés dont l’objet est de réaliser une allocation économique efficace mais qui opèrent sans échange monétaire. L’efficacité d’un mécanisme peut être évaluée de manière théorique, mais il est aussi important d’évaluer sa performance avec des agents réels pour tenir compte des biais comportementaux et leur rationalité limitée. La thèse résumée dans cette note s’inscrit dans cette démarche en fournissant des résultats empiriques qui permettront d’améliorer l’utilisation des mécanismes d’appariement sur le terrain. Le premier chapitre de la thèse vise à analyser l’expérience acquise par des agents ayant participé à un mécanisme d’acceptation différée qui peut être transmise à de nouveaux participants pour améliorer l’efficacité du mécanisme. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les sujets sont plus susceptibles de révéler leur préférence réelle dans leur proposition quand ils reçoivent des conseils de leurs pairs des sessions précédentes. Le deuxième chapitre de la thèse étudie l’effet de la taille du marché sur la performance de deux mécanismes d’appariement. Les résultats montrent que l’augmentation du marché de 4 à 40 joueurs accroit le taux des participants qui révèlent leur préférence réelle dans leur proposition au mécanisme d’acceptation différée, mais que ce taux diminue dans le mécanisme de Boston. Le passage à une taille de marché de 4000 joueurs n’a pas d’effet supplémentaire significatif. Le troisième chapitre de la thèse justifie l’évolution du système d’admission des Universités en Chine. Des études montrent que le mécanisme de Boston n’élimine pas l’envie justifiée, qu’il est manipulable, et qu’il n’est pas Pareto-efficace. Le mécanisme d’allocation simple élimine l’envie justifiée, et il est non-manipulable et Pareto-efficace. Ce résultat justifie la transition récente de l’algorithme de choix séquentiel à l’algorithme de choix parallèle dans les pratiques d’admission aux Universités chinoises. / This thesis consists of three essays examining empirical factors that are important for the success of the matching mechanism in the real world. The first chapter discusses whether highly experienced people can transmit what they have learned and encourage new participants to reveal their true preferences under the Deferred Acceptance mechanism. I address this issue in a laboratory experiment to check the effect of peer experience on individual behaviors and the performance of the DA mechanism. Results show that subjects are more likely to play truthfully when learning advice from their peers in previous sessions.The second chapter studies the performance of the Boston and the DA mechanism in a laboratory under different scale of the matching markets. Results show that increasing the market size from 4 to 40 students per match increases participant truth-telling under the DA but decrease it under the Boston mechanism, leading to a decrease in efficiency but no change in the large stability advantage of the DA over the Boston mechanism. However, further increase in the scale to 4,000 students per match has no effect.The third chapter justifies the evolution of the college admissions system in China from a mechanism design perspective. Studies show that the Boston mechanism does not eliminate justified envy, is not strategy-proof and is not Pareto-efficient. The Simple Serial Dictatorship mechanism eliminates justified envy, is strategy-proof and is Pareto-efficient, thus outperforming the Boston mechanism in all three criteria. This result provides justification for the mechanism transition in recent years in China’s college admissions practices.

The work deals with financial mathematics and its teaching in upper secondary school. This thesis contains introduction to finance, simple and compound in- terest, securities, bonds, loans and savings. The work is also presented in the form of web pages. The web pages are enhanced with interactive features such as applets in GeoGebra and step-by-step solutions for exercises. The web pages include a final test in which one can check his knowledge. The test contains ten randomly generated tasks which cover the curriculum of the thesis. The work is meant as an extending teaching materials for upper secondary school pupils. 1

[Truncated abstract] The collection of buccal cells is common practise in the epidemiological and forensic science. Unlike venipuncture collection of blood; it is a safer, non-invasive method for collection of biological material. The methods by which these cells are collected from the inner cheek of an individual and stored are the key elements in preserving DNA. Typically, forensic samples require long term storage. Samples are commonly collected on cotton swabs and stored moist at low to ultra-low temperatures (less than -20oC). Although this is the method of choice in most forensic facilities, there are drawbacks. The samples are inherently contaminated with microflora within the oral cavity and the moisture allows a plethora of microorganisms to grow. As the time frame that has elapsed from collection to storage increases, there is an exponential increase in bacterial cells. Storage of containers containing swabs coated with cells at temperatures below 20oC is also costly due to requirements for large freezers which are running and monitored over 24 hours. In the pass 10 to 15 years, researchers have focussed on alternative ways to store buccal cells. The FTA card system by Whatman is one such development. The FTA card is unique in that it provides a means for the collection of buccal cells for storage at room temperature. DNA profiling from samples stored in this way for 11 years has been successfully achieved. The filter paper matrix of the FTA card binds and subsequently lyses cells. ... (2) The second component of this thesis describes a study which subjected cells on buccal swabs to various conditions of increased temperature over periods of time to establish if DNA could be amplified. The aim was to mimic exposure to the vigours of field conditions, particularly in the extreme local environments that prevail in the United Arab Emirates. a. Initially, buccal cells stored at -20oC over 360 days were used to mimic standard archiving procedures. The cells were subsequently transferred to FTA cards, amplified and profiled by using ABI AmpFLSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Complete STR profiles were successfully recovered from the archived swabs. In most cases 100% of alleles were recovered, suggesting that it is feasible to transfer DNA from properly archived buccal swabs to FTA cards. b. The second phase involved the storage of fresh swabs that had been artificially aged by using incubation temperatures ranging from 40oC to 100oC. Partial profiles resulted from artificially aged samples, indicating that the prevailing conditions prior to low temperature storage of the swabs plays an important role in ensuring cellular integrity and thus, DNA quality. Results from this study suggest that it is possible for biological samples stored under correct conditions to be transferred from swabs to FTA card. In combination, the two chapters presented in this study show that it is feasible to transfer achieved forensic biology samples from swabs to the FTA card system. However, it is necessary to ensure that the samples are treated in the correct manner so as to minimise contamination from external sources and to maintain the correct environmental state to maintain intact cells and usable DNA.

Dans ce travail, on analyse la rhéologie et les microstructures des matériaux composites à matrice polymère thermodurcissable renforcée par des fibres de verre tels que les Bulk Moulding Compounds et Sheet Moulding Compounds (SMC). Dans un premier temps, la rhéologie des BMC est analysée sur des rhéomètres spécifiques en compressions simple et en déformation plane. Les résultats expérimentaux soulignent les influences de la vitesse de déformation, du type de charge, du taux de fibres et de la température sur la rhéologie des BMC. Des modèles viscoélastiques non linéaires 1D et 3D sont alors proposés pour reproduire la réponse de ce matériau. Dans un deuxième temps, les microstructures de plaques de SMC comprimées industriellement sont analysées par microtomographie à rayons X, en utilisant le mode de contraste de phases. Les influences des conditions de moulage sur les porosités résiduelles, les migrations de matrice, l'intégrité, la flexion, l'écrasement et l'orientation des mèches de fibres de verre sont mises en exergue et permettent d'(in)valider les hypothèses des modèles rhéologiques de la littérature.

La restauration des films anciens est un domaine de recherche qui a été largement étudié par la communauté scientifique. La restauration de la piste son optique, quant à elle, n'a été en pratique effectuée que dans le domaine audio, bien qu'elle constitue une image continue sur la pellicule photographique, située entre la succession des images et les perforations. Deux types de pistes son optiques existent : les pistes son à largeur variable qui contiennent une région transparente située entre deux régions opaques symétriques. La taille de la région transparente est proportionnelle à l'amplitude du signal audio. Pour la restauration de ce type de pistes, nous avons proposé des algorithmes pour le réglage d'azimut, la détection de l'axe de symétrie et la correction de la topologie. Le nettoyage est assuré par une étape de segmentation. Le second type est celui des pistes son à densité variable, dans lesquelles c'est l'intensité de chaque ligne qui est proportionnelle à l'amplitude du signal audio. Pour la restauration de ce type de pistes, nous avons proposé un algorithme pour la détection et la correction de la déviation d'azimut, puis un algorithme de « clipping » pour la suppression des différents défauts. Nous avons également étudié le problème de la mauvaise exposition des pistes son. Ce problème est dû à la diffusion de la lumière pendant les différentes copies. Plusieurs méthodes morphologiques ont été développées pour la détection et la restauration de ce type de défauts. Le système de restauration est d'abord évalué par nos partenaires experts en la matière. Nous avons aussi organisé des tests audio en aveugle pour avoir une évaluation objective des résultats.