Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) following hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (S/R) is an important contributor to late morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. S/R promotes ARDS by inducing oxidative stress that primes cells of the innate immune system for excessive responsiveness to small inflammatory stimuli, termed the “twohit” hypothesis. Activated alveolar macrophages (AM) play a central role and when recovered from S/R animals exhibit an exaggerated responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with increased activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and augmented expression of cytokines. LPS triggers AM signalling through Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), which resides in plasma membrane lipid rafts. The objective of this work is to define cellular mechanisms of macrophage priming by oxidative stress following shock resuscitation. The main hypothesis investigated is that altered cellular distribution of TLR4 can lead to macrophage priming and antioxidant resuscitation strategies can diminish these effects. AM of rodents, exposed in vivo to oxidant stress following S/R, increase their surface levels of TLR4, which in turn results in augmented NF-κB translocation in response to small doses of LPS. Furthermore, in vitro H2O2 treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages results in similar TLR4 surface translocation. Depletion of intracellular calcium, disruption of the cytoskeleton or inhibition of the Src kinases prevents the H2O2-induced TLR4 translocation, suggesting the involvement of receptor exocytosis. Further, fluorescent resonance energy iii transfer between TLR4 and lipid rafts as well as biochemical raft analysis demonstrated that oxidative stress redistributes TLR4 to surface lipid rafts. Preventing the oxidant-induced movement of TLR4 to lipid rafts using methyl-ß-cyclodextrin precluded the increased responsiveness of cells to LPS after H2O2 treatment. Further, AM priming by oxidative stress can be diminished by early exposure to resuscitation regimens with direct or indirect systemic antioxidant effects, such as 25% albumin, N-acetylcysteine and hypertonic saline. Hyperosmolarity was found to modulate AM TLR4 gene and protein expression. Collectively, these studies suggest a novel mechanism whereby oxidative stress might prime the responsiveness of cells of the innate immune system. Targeting the TLR4 signalling pathway early during shock resuscitation may represent an anti-inflammatory strategy able to ameliorate late morbidity and mortality following S/R.

En aménagement du territoire, les modalités de conception et d'utilisation d'un Système d'Information à Référence Spatiale (SIRS) dépendent du type de contexte décisionnel auquel il est intégré : la gestion, la planification stratégique ou la négociation. De ce fait, le SIRS doit témoigner, de manière appropriée, des besoins en gestion de l'incertitude et de l'ambiguïté caractéristiques d'un type de contexte décisionnel. D'une part, ces deux concepts sont illustrés par le niveaux requis de flexibilité du processus de traitement de l'information. D'autre part, ils s'expriment au travers de la qualité de l'information classiquement caractérisée par son exactitude, sa complétude, sa cohérence, son opportunité et son intelligibilité, mais aussi par son réalisme, son interprétation, sa dialectique, sa projection et son originalité. Nous proposons un guide d'aide à la pratique des SIRS issu du croisement entre les caractéristiques des contextes décisionnels retenus et les attributs relatifs à la qualité de l'information. Des applications SIG sont développées pour chaque type de contexte décisionnel afin de confronter la pertinence de ce guide avec ces études de cas. Une application SIG en question : un organisme chargé de la gestion du milieu récepteur souhaite hiérarchiser ses interventions de contrôle réglementaire auprès des établissements industriels. Il peut, à l'aide d'un SIG, simuler le trajet probable de déversements toxiques potentiels en temps d'orage afin de déterminer les risques localisés d'impact sur le milieu récepteur, de même que les sources potentielles de pollution industrielle. Une application SIG en planification stratégique : un organisme chargé de la planification du traitement des effluents industriels souhaite analyser la faisabilité d'options de gestion collective en tenant compte d'indicateurs d'économies d'échelle, de coûts de transport et de vulnérabilité au déversement. Le couplage d'un SIG avec une procédure opérationnelle composée de fonctions d'optimisation sous contraintes peut constituer un support d'aide à la décision. Une application SIG en négociation coopérative : un organisme animant un processus de négociation relatif à la gestion collective des effluents industriels souhaite stimuler le débat entre acteurs publics et privés aux perceptions, valeurs et intérêts différents. Il peut proposer une méthode d'aide à la négociation basée sur les principes du jeu de rôle et sur un couplage entre un SIG et une méthode d'analyse multi-critères dans le but de rechercher une combinaison "contextualisée" d'options individuelles et collectives d'assainissement industriel tout en respectant les règles d'une négociation coopérative.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) following hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (S/R) is an important contributor to late morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. S/R promotes ARDS by inducing oxidative stress that primes cells of the innate immune system for excessive responsiveness to small inflammatory stimuli, termed the “twohit” hypothesis. Activated alveolar macrophages (AM) play a central role and when recovered from S/R animals exhibit an exaggerated responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with increased activation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and augmented expression of cytokines. LPS triggers AM signalling through Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), which resides in plasma membrane lipid rafts. The objective of this work is to define cellular mechanisms of macrophage priming by oxidative stress following shock resuscitation. The main hypothesis investigated is that altered cellular distribution of TLR4 can lead to macrophage priming and antioxidant resuscitation strategies can diminish these effects. AM of rodents, exposed in vivo to oxidant stress following S/R, increase their surface levels of TLR4, which in turn results in augmented NF-κB translocation in response to small doses of LPS. Furthermore, in vitro H2O2 treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages results in similar TLR4 surface translocation. Depletion of intracellular calcium, disruption of the cytoskeleton or inhibition of the Src kinases prevents the H2O2-induced TLR4 translocation, suggesting the involvement of receptor exocytosis. Further, fluorescent resonance energy iii transfer between TLR4 and lipid rafts as well as biochemical raft analysis demonstrated that oxidative stress redistributes TLR4 to surface lipid rafts. Preventing the oxidant-induced movement of TLR4 to lipid rafts using methyl-ß-cyclodextrin precluded the increased responsiveness of cells to LPS after H2O2 treatment. Further, AM priming by oxidative stress can be diminished by early exposure to resuscitation regimens with direct or indirect systemic antioxidant effects, such as 25% albumin, N-acetylcysteine and hypertonic saline. Hyperosmolarity was found to modulate AM TLR4 gene and protein expression. Collectively, these studies suggest a novel mechanism whereby oxidative stress might prime the responsiveness of cells of the innate immune system. Targeting the TLR4 signalling pathway early during shock resuscitation may represent an anti-inflammatory strategy able to ameliorate late morbidity and mortality following S/R.

Dexamethason-21-isonicotinat als Begleittherapie bei Kühen mit Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Schlüsselwörter: Dexamethason, SIRS, Phagozytoseaktivität/Burstaktivität von Monozyten und neutrophilen Granulozyten, Tumornekrose Faktor alpha

170f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-06-03T13:57:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 _Dissertação - Jose pereira.pdf: 1226288 bytes, checksum: 00e0b57504fc55d4c2d64711870544f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-06-04T19:03:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 _Dissertação - Jose pereira.pdf: 1226288 bytes, checksum: 00e0b57504fc55d4c2d64711870544f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-04T19:03:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 _Dissertação - Jose pereira.pdf: 1226288 bytes, checksum: 00e0b57504fc55d4c2d64711870544f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES / Esta dissertação analisa a gestão do Fundo de Emancipação, artigo terceiro da lei 28 de setembro de 1871, na Bahia. Investiga a formação e o trabalho realizado pelas Juntas de Classificação, que eram formadas nos municípios baianos pelo promotor público, o coletor das rendas e o presidente da câmara de vereadores. Discute a intervenção e as tentativas de apropriação da lei por escravos e seus familiares, senhores e abolicionistas, durante o período de sua vigência. Relatórios do ministério da agricultura, comércio e obras públicas, falas e relatórios dos presidentes de província da Bahia, petições, ofícios, recursos administrativos, correspondências de juízes e de vereadores, listas dos escravos alforriados e jornais fazem parte do diversificado leque de documentos utilizados na pesquisa. O trabalho é influenciado pela historiografia da emancipação e da abolição de inspiração thompsoniana, que vem investigando as reformas jurídicas do escravismo e as apropriações e/ou os usos diversificados da legislação emancipacionista por parte dos senhores, escravos e demais segmentos da sociedade imperial brasileira. This work analyses the managing of the Emancipation Fund, third article of the September 28th 1871 Law, in Bahia. Search the formation and the work made by Classification Committee, that It were formed in the baiano´s countries by the public promoter, collector of rents and the president City Council. It discusses the intervention and the trying of the appropriation of the law for slaves and them parents, Sirs, and abolitionists, during the period of this occurrence. Ministério da Agricultura´s reports, commerce and public works, speeches and reports of the president of the Bahia´s province, petitions, documents, administrative recourse, letters of judges and city councilmen, lists of the freed slaves and journals compound the diverse conjunct of documents utilized in search. This work is influenced by emancipation historiography and the abolition influenced by Thompson, that it is studying the juridical reconstructions of the slaving and the appropriations and the diverse uses of the emancipationists legislation used by part of the Sirs, slaves and others parts of the Brazilian imperial society. / Salvador

In this thesis we explore the importance of consumer protection (concretely protection against misleading advertising and minimal quality standards of product) for providing consumers' utility. Our target is to discover whether these protections are necessary for providing consumers' utility or not, and whether are the consumers able to provide themselves equal or higher utility (then can mentioned protections do), scilicet through their mutual communication and buying behavior. Furthermore, we want to discover, if can happen a situation in which the mentioned protection decline the consumers' utility, in comparison with situation, when no protections exist. These conclusions are stated for concrete product (LCD TV) and concrete society (little community within the Czech Republic society), whereas we explore the influence of consumer protection both on utility of whole community and on utility of each social class within different proportions of these classes within society. For this research has been created an original multi-agent model, in which we simulate consumer behavior and companies behavior on market. The important parts of the model architecture are presented in this thesis: principles of social structure creation (based on the knowledge about social groups and different types of social ties), buyer behavior and principles of consumer communication through social network, and decision of companies about product characteristics. In conclusion we have interpreted the simulation results and have stated an importance of consumer protection in tested society buying tested product.

Malingering is the deliberate production of feigned symptoms by a person seeking external gain such as: financial compensation, exemption from duty, or leniency from the criminal justice system. The Test Translation and Adaptation Guidelines developed by the International Test Commission (ITC) specify that only tests which have been formally translated into another language and validated should be available for use in clinical practice. Thus, the current study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS). Using a simulation design with 80 Spanish-speaking Hispanic American outpatients, the Spanish SIRS was produced reliable results with small standard errors of measurement (SEM). Regarding discriminant validity, very large effect sizes (mean Cohen's d = 2.00) were observed between feigners and honest responders for the SIRS primary scales. Research limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.

Dans ce travail de thèse, nous étudions des modèles mathématiques de la dynamique des populations en environnements déterministe et stochastique. Pour les environnements déterministes, nous considérons trois modèles. Le premier est un modèle intra-guilde prenant en compte des effets d'un environnement spatial hétérogène avec une migration rapide des individus entre les différents sites. Le deuxième est un modèle de pêche dans une zone constituée d’une aire marine protégée où la pêche est interdite et d’une zone où la population de poissons est pêchée. Enfin le troisième est un modèle prédateur-proie considérant une proie et deux prédateurs avec des réponses fonctionnelles de Beddington-DeAngelis. Pour les environnements stochastiques, nous étudions un modèle épidémique SIRS et un modèle prédateur-proie en prenant en compte un bruit télégraphique. Nous étudions le comportement dynamique de ces modèles et nous recherchons les conditions de maintien ou de disparition des espèces modélisées. / In this thesis, we consider mathematical population dynamics models in deterministic and stochastic environments. For deterministic environments, we study three models: an intraguild model with the effects of spatial heterogeneous environment and fast migration of individuals; a fishery model with Marine Protected Area where fishing is prohibited and an area where the fish population is harvested; a predator-prey model which has one prey and two predators with Beddington-DeAngelis functional responses. For stochastic environments, we study SIRS epidemic model and predator-prey models under telegraph noise. We try to present the dynamical behavior of these models and show out the existence or vanishing of species in the models.

Dexamethason-21-isonicotinat als Begleittherapie bei Kühen mit Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Schlüsselwörter: Dexamethason, SIRS, Phagozytoseaktivität/Burstaktivität von Monozyten und neutrophilen Granulozyten, Tumornekrose Faktor alpha

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of a cloud-based CDS alerting system for SIRS, a precursor to sepsis, and sepsis itself, on adult patient and process outcomes at VCU Health System. The two main hypotheses are: 1) the implementation of cloud-based SIRS and sepsis alerts will lead to lower sepsis-related mortality and lower average length of stay, and 2) the implementation of cloud-based SIRS and sepsis alerts will lead to more frequent ordering of the Sepsis PowerPlan and more recording of sepsis diagnoses. To measure these outcomes, a pre-post study was conducted. A pre-implementation group diagnosed with sepsis within the year leading up to the alert intervention consisted of 1,551 unique inpatient visits, and the three-year post-implementation sample size was 9,711 visits, for a total cohort of 11,262 visits. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to test the hypotheses. Study results showed that sepsis-related mortality was slightly higher after the implementation of SIRS alerts, but the presence of sepsis alerts did not have a significant relationship to mortality. The average length of stay and the total number of recorded sepsis diagnoses were higher after the implementation of both SIRS and sepsis alerts, while ordering of the Sepsis Initial Resuscitation PowerPlan was lower. There is preliminary evidence from this study that more sepsis diagnoses are made as a result of alert adoption, suggesting that clinicians can consider the implementation of these alerts in order to capture a higher number of sepsis diagnoses.