Visamos, ao realizar a presente pesquisa, investigar psicanaliticamente a experiência emocional de adolescentes que defrontam-se com situações de morte de coetâneos com os quais convivem proximamente. A partir de uma rede de contatos institucionais, derivados de pesquisas anteriores, realizadas nos últimos cinco anos, obtivemos informação acerca da ocorrência de um acidente que vitimou uma adolescente. Contatamos a organização não governamental, dedicada ao cuidado de adolescentes de favelas, em que a vítima frequentava atividades grupais. Organizamos a investigação distinguindo, metodologicamente, procedimentos investigativos de configuração, registro e interpretação do acontecer com os participantes e procedimento investigativo de interlocução reflexiva. Configuramos dois tipos diferentes para esses encontros: visitas institucionais e entrevista coletiva estruturada ao redor do uso do Procedimento de Desenhos-Estórias com Tema. Elaboramos, posteriormente, narrativas transferenciais que, consideradas conjuntamente com os desenhos e histórias, permitiram a produção interpretativa de quatro campos de sentido afetivo-emocional ou inconscientes relativos: Quem será o próximo?, Preso no acontecer, Mais do mesmo e Por nossa conta e risco. Finalizando o trabalho, estabelecemos interlocuções reflexivas que nos levam a considerar que a experiência de morte de coetâneos tende a ser significada em sentido que reforça crenças na impossibilidade de futuro favorável e esperançoso. Tais crenças associam-se à percepção clara de sua inserção social desfavorecida em um país periférico do capitalismo globalizado. O quadro geral requer ações afirmativas, favorecendo a constituição de ambientes familiares e sociais que possam sustentar o amadurecimento pessoal segundo uma ética de respeito à vida humana / We aim, in this research, investigate psychoanalytically the emotional experience of adolescents that, from pronounced social precariousness, faced with death situations of peers with whom they live closely. From a network of institutional contacts, derived from previous research conducted in the last five years, we obtained information about the occurrence of an accident that killed a teenager. We contacted the non-governmental organization dedicated to the care of adolescents in slums, where the victim attended group activities. We organized this research distinguishing methodologically investigative procedures of configuration, registration and interpretation of inter-human occur. We configure two different types of meeting participants: institutional visits and press conference structured around the use of Thematic Story-Drawing. Elaborated later transference narratives which considered together with drawings and stories, allowed the production of four comprehensive field of affective-emotional sense or unconscious relative: \"Who will be the next\", Stuck in place, \"More of the same\" and \"By our peril.. Finishing work, we established reflective dialogues that lead us to consider that the experience of death in adolescents tends to be meant as evidence that reinforces belief in the impossibility of favorable and hopeful future. The overall picture demand a vehement criticism of all psychological reductionism. Moreover, it requires affirmative action favoring the formation of family and social environments that can sustain personal growth according to an ethic of respect for human life

Propõe-se a aplicação de técnicas do geoprocessamento, por meio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas, à problemática da regularização fundiária e urbanística de favelas; com o objetivo de facilitar, agilizar e ampliar o conhecimento de instituições públicas sobre estas áreas irregulares, apoiando-as em suas decisões. A proposta foi aplicada ao Município de Taboão da Serra, e a área piloto estudada foi a favela Jardim Santo Onofre. Vários materiais e procedimentos técnicos foram apresentados nesta pesquisa como: o uso de imagens aéreas, a pesquisa sobre a situação de registro em cartório da área, a realização da pesquisa sócio-econômica, o levantamento topográfico e a realização de análises espaciais - no intuito de identificar com segurança o tipo de irregularidade presente e quais os procedimentos corretos para regularizar a terra e a situação urbanística local. Também foi apresentada a aplicabilidade do Sistema de Informações Geográficas à gestão de projetos urbanísticos e como mecanismo para ampliar as chances de sucesso do programa de regularização. O aumento da agilidade do processo de regularização e a melhoria na qualidade das análises e caracterização da área favelada são os principais resultados esperados com a aplicação desta proposta, que fez uso de dados reais e hipotéticos para gerar demonstrações da aplicabilidade do geoprocessamento. / The proposition of this study is the application of geoprocessing techniques, through geographic information systems, to slums urban and land regulation problematic. The objective of this purpose is to make easier and faster and to enlarge the public institutions knowledge about those irregular places, helping and supporting them on their decisions. This purpose was applied to Taboão da Serra town and the studied area was a slum named Jardim Santo Onofre. Many different material and technical procedures were presented here as aerial images use, research about registry offices documents, social and economical stages, topographic studies and spatial analysis everything with the intention of identify the kind of existent irregularity and the correct procedures to regulate the land and local urban situation. It also presented the GIS applicability to the management of urban project and as a mechanism to enlarge the success chances of regulation process. The improvement of regulations agility, of the analysis quality and of the slums characterization studies are the most important expected results of this proposition and its application. This masters degree text is based on real and hypothetic data to prove the geoprocessing application.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-31T13:51:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 annebastosmartinsrosa.pdf: 1300025 bytes, checksum: 94087fe0e94865e6ef7bc6152cb12cee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-31T13:52:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 annebastosmartinsrosa.pdf: 1300025 bytes, checksum: 94087fe0e94865e6ef7bc6152cb12cee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-31T13:52:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 annebastosmartinsrosa.pdf: 1300025 bytes, checksum: 94087fe0e94865e6ef7bc6152cb12cee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-27 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / O turismo de favela é uma modalidade que vem se expandindo com celeridade no mundo. Entretanto, poucas pesquisas foram conduzidas sobre o tema, em especial em relação à percepção do morador local que, na maioria das vezes, está distante dos processos de operacionalização e de venda do turismo em seu local de moradia. Trata-se, também, de prática baseada na assimetria de poder nas relações entre visitantes, visitados e agentes externos que exploram o turismo de favela. Estereótipos desfavoráveis cruzam-se no desenrolar do turismo de favela, que ocorre em local e em grupo social que são historicamente estigmatizados. O objetivo desse estudo é identificar se tais aspectos influenciam a percepção e o comportamento de moradores locais em relação ao turismo de favela. Quarenta e oito entrevistas, e observação sistematizada, foram conduzidas, entre setembro de 2015 e julho de 2016, nas favelas da Rocinha e Santa Marta, no Rio de Janeiro. Essas comunidades foram escolhidas porque que nelas o turismo de favela assume formatos diferentes. A análise, baseada em hermenêutica revelou que, em ambas as favelas, os moradores mostraram-se favoráveis ao turismo, mas com ressalvas em relação à sua exploração por agentes externos. Os relatos não sugeriram haver, por parte dos moradores, sentimentos de inferioridade nos encontros sociais com os turistas, a maioria de estrangeiros. Entretanto, na Rocinha, a maior parte dos entrevistados mostrou ressentimentos ao se sentirem invadidos e explorados por empresas de turismo estranhas à favela, confessando ter vergonha e inconformismo pela maneira como tais empresas procuram apresentar aos turistas muitos aspectos negativos, relacionados a estigmas de miséria e pobreza, mostrando deliberadamente a sujeira de valões de esgoto, a pobreza de moradores, emaranhados de fios de ligações clandestinas à rede elétrica e moradias precárias, assim desqualificando o local e seus moradores. / Favela tourism is an activity that has been expanding swiftly around the world. Despite this, little research has so far been conducted around this topic, especially in relation to the perception of the local resident, who, in most cases, stands apart from the processes of tourism implementation and sale in the area where he or she resides. The practice in question is also grounded in the power asymmetry that characterises relationships among the visitors, the visited and the external agents who benefit from favela tourism. Unflattering stereotypes are evoked as favela tourism takes place involving both areas and social groups historically stigmatised. The aim of this study is to identify whether such aspects have an impact on local residents’ perception and behaviour vis-à-vis favela tourism. Forty-eight interviews, as well as systematised observation, have been conducted between September, 2015 and July, 2016 at the favelas of Rocinha and Santa Marta, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. These communities have been chosen because favela tourism takes different formats in them. The hermeneutics-based analysis has revealed that, in both favelas, residents take a favourable approach towards tourism, albeit with a few reservations to how it is explored by external agents. The accounts compiled do not indicate the presence of feelings of inferiority on the part of the residents during their social encounters with tourists, most of these from foreign countries. However, at Rocinha, most of the interviewees resent the feeling of invasiveness and exploitation by tourist companies with no connection to the favelas. These residents have confessed to feelings of shame and animosity towards the way in which these companies seek to introduce tourists to several negative aspects related to stigmas of poverty by deliberately pointing to the dirt building up over sewage channels, the poverty of residents, the mesh of illegal wiring connected to the electricity grid and the precariousness of homes, which contributes to the devaluation of both the area and its residents.

Submitted by Andréa Borges (andreamaborges@gmail.com) on 2013-01-18T16:43:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoAndreaBorges[FINAL-com-ata] (1).pdf: 4162188 bytes, checksum: f64f0a970f659f6d14df28fc55d1ba7c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2013-05-10T15:41:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoAndreaBorges[FINAL-com-ata] (1).pdf: 4162188 bytes, checksum: f64f0a970f659f6d14df28fc55d1ba7c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-05-15T12:31:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoAndreaBorges[FINAL-com-ata] (1).pdf: 4162188 bytes, checksum: f64f0a970f659f6d14df28fc55d1ba7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-15T12:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoAndreaBorges[FINAL-com-ata] (1).pdf: 4162188 bytes, checksum: f64f0a970f659f6d14df28fc55d1ba7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / This thesis deals with the construction of the Paraisópolis slum (São Paulo-SP) as a tourist destination. Estevão, Ber bela and Antenor, slum dwellers, perform 'artworks' which represent the main elem ent of the tourist attractiveness of Paraisópolis. From the field work, as a participatory observation, I describe the divergent attitudes of ar tists, tourist guides and th e Residents' Union of Paraisópolis. I point that these attit udes generate symbolic di sputes and power relations among the actors involved in the process of transformation of Paraisópolis into a tourist destination. The main guideline is to understand how this process can be affected by conflicts , whether due to polit ical, economic or ideological issues. The perspective of analysis focuses on the central disputed views on tourism and the practices in whic h are based on. Thus, I am trying to understand how the local values and practices are articulated with exogenous speeches and actions geared to the development of tourism. / Essa dissertação versa sobre a construção da favela Paraisópolis (São Paulo- SP) como destino turístico. Estevão, Berbela e Antenor, moradores da favela, realizam 'trabalhos artísticos' que compõem o elemento principal da atratividade turística de Paraisópolis. A partir do trabalho de campo, do tipo observação participante, descrevo os posicionamentos divergentes dos artistas, guias de turismo e a União de Moradores de Paraisópolis. Aponto que esses posicionamentos geram disputas simbólicas e relações de poder entre os diversos atores envolvidos no processo de transformação de Paraisópolis em um destino turístico. A intenção principal é entender como esse processo é perpassado por conflitos, tanto de ordem econômica quanto de ordem política e ideológica. A perspectiva de análise tem como enfoque central as visões em disputa sobre o turismo e as práticas que as tomam por base. Assim, procuro entender como os valores e práticas locais se articulam com ações e discursos exógenos voltados para o desenvolvimento do turismo.

Despite being an indicator of modernization and macro-economic growth, urbanization in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa is tightly interwoven with poverty and deprivation. This has manifested physically as slums, which represent the worst residential urban areas, marked by lack of access to good quality housing and basic services. To effectively combat the slum phenomenon, local slum conditions must be captured in quantitative and spatial terms. However, there are significant hurdles to this. Slum detection and mapping requires readily available and reliable data, as well as a proper conceptualization of measurement and scale. Using Bamenda, Cameroon, as a test case, this dissertation research was designed as a three-pronged attack on the slum mapping problematic. The overall goal was to investigate locally optimized slum mapping strategies and methods that utilize high resolution satellite image data, household survey data, simple machine learning and regionalization theory. The first major objective of the study was to tackle a "measurement" problem. The aim was to explore a multi-index approach to measure and map local slum conditions. The rationale behind this was that prior sub-Saharan slum research too often used simplified measurement techniques such as a single unweighted composite index to represent diverse local slum conditions. In this study six household indicators relevant to the United Nations criteria for defining slums were extracted from a 2013 Bamenda household survey data set and aggregated for 63 local statistical areas. The extracted variables were the percent of households having the following attributes: more than two residents per room, non-owner, occupying a single room or studio, having no flush toilet, having no piped water, having no drainage. Hierarchical variable clustering was used as a surrogate for exploratory factor analysis to determine fewer latent slum factors from these six variables. Variable groups were classified such that the most correlated variables fell in the same group while non-correlated variables fell in separate groups. Each group membership was then examined to see if the group suggested a conceptually meaningful slum factor which could quantified as a stand-alone "high" and "low" binary slum index. Results showed that the slum indicators in the study area could be replaced by at least two meaningful and statistically uncorrelated latent factors. One factor reflected the home occupancy conditions (tenancy status, overcrowded and living space conditions) and was quantified using K-means clustering of units as an ‘occupancy disadvantage index’ (Occ_D). The other reflected the state of utilities access (piped water and flush toilet) and was quantified as utilities disadvantage index (UT_D). Location attributes were used to examine/validate both indices. Independent t-tests showed that units with high Occ_D were on average closer to nearest town markets and major roads when compared with units of low Occ_D. This was consistent with theory as it is expected that typical slum residents (in this case overcrowded and non-owner households) will favor accessibility to areas of high economic activity. However, this situation was not the same with UT_D as shown by lack of such as a strong pattern. The second major objective was to tackle a "learning" problem. The purpose was to explore the potential of unsupervised machine learning to detect or "learn" slum conditions from image data. The rationale was that such an approach would be efficient, less reliant on prior knowledge and expertise. A 2012 GeoEye image scene of the study area was subjected to image classification from which the following physical settlement attributes were quantified for each of the 63 statistical areas: per cent roof area, percent open space area, per cent bare soil, per cent paved road surface, per cent dirt road surface, building shadow-roof area ratio. The shadow-roof ratio was an innovative measure used to capture the size and density attributes of buildings. In addition to the 6 image derived variables, the mean slope of each area was calculated from a digital elevation dataset. All 7 attributes were subject to principal component analysis from which the first 2 components were extracted and used for hierarchical clustering of statistical areas to derive physical types. Results show that area units could be optimally classified into 4 physical types labelled generically as Categories 1 – 4, each with at least one defining physical characteristic. Kruskal Wallis tests comparing physical types in terms of household and locations attributes showed that at least two physical types were different in terms of aggregated household slum conditions and location attributes. Category 4 areas, located on steep slopes and having high shadow-to-roof ratio, had the highest distribution of non-owner households. They were also located close to nearest town markets. They were thus the most likely candidates of slums in the city. Category 1 units on other hand located at the outskirts and having abundant open space were least likely to have slum conditions. The third major objective was to tackle the problem of "spatial scale". Neighborhoods, by their very nature of contiguity and homogeneity, represent an ideal scale for urban spatial analysis and mapping. Unfortunately, in most areas, neighborhoods are not objectively defined and slum mapping often relies in the use of arbitrary spatial units which do not capture the true extent of the phenomenon. The objective was thus to explore the use of analytic regionalization to quantitatively derive the neighborhood unit for mapping slums. Analytic neighborhoods were created by spatially constrained clustering of statistical areas using the minimum spanning tree algorithm. Unlike previous studies that relied on socio-economic and/or demographic information, this study innovatively used multiple land cover and terrain attributes as neighborhood homogenizing factors. Five analytic neighborhoods (labeled Regions 1-5) were created this way and compared using Kruskal Wallis tests for differences in household slum attributes. This was to determine largest possible contiguous areas that could be labeled as slum or non-slum neighborhoods. The results revealed that at least two analytic regions were significantly different in terms of aggregated household indicators. Region 1 stood apart as having significantly higher distributions of overcrowded and non-owner households. It could thus be viewed as the largest potential slum neighborhood in the city. In contrast, regions 3 (located at higher elevation and separated from rest of city by a steep escarpment) was generally associated with low distribution of household slum attributes and could be considered the strongest model of a non-slum or formal neighborhood. Both Regions 1 and 3 were also qualitatively correlated with two locally recognized (vernacular) neighborhoods. These neighborhoods, "Sisia" (for Region 1) and "Up Station" (for Region 3), are commonly perceived by local folk as occupying opposite ends of the socio-economic spectrum. The results obtained by successfully carrying the three major objectives have major implication for future research and policy. In the case of multi-index analysis of slum conditions, it affirms the notion the that slum phenomenon is diverse in the local context and that remediation efforts must be compartmentalized to be effective. The results of image based unsupervised mapping of slums from imagery show that it is a tool with high potential for rapid slum assessment even when there is no supporting field data. Finally, the results of analytic regionalization showed that the true extent of contiguous slum neighborhoods can be delineated objectively using land cover and terrain attributes. It thus presents an opportunity for local planning and policy actors to consider redesigning the city neighborhood districts as analytic units. Quantitively derived neighborhoods are likely to be more useful in the long term, be it for spatial sampling, mapping or planning purposes.

[pt] Este trabalho faz uma reflexão sobre a autorrepresentação da favela a partir da produção audiovisual feita por jovens moradores de favelas do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo investiga a capacitação por meio de núcleos de audiovisual instalados dentro das comunidades, a produção e o conteúdo dos filmes, o diálogo da favela com os recursos humanos e materiais do mercado audiovisual e da academia para pensar a constituição de sujeitos heterotópicos dispostos a criar estratégias que permitam a sua inserção no mercado cinematográfico. / [en] This paper discuss the self-representation of slums in audiovisual productions done by young residents from slums of Rio de Janeiro. The research investigates proficiency acquired through community-based audiovisual centers, the production and content of films, the language of the slums portrayed with the help of optimum materials and professional teams from the audiovisual industry and schools to consider the preparation of heterotopic individuals eager to create strategies that will enable their inclusion in the film production industry.

[pt] Este estudo é decorrente de uma inquietação a respeito de um tema bastante atual: A favela. A existência de uma crise urbana e habitacional na atualidade traz à tona a discussão sobre as favelas nas grandes metrópoles brasileiras, como uma das questões mais importantes a serem discutidas no espaço urbano. Cada vez mais as favelas estão evidenciadas na paisagem urbana, tornando-se necessário o entendimento da dinâmica das áreas faveladas e também da sua relação com a metrópole. Temos aqui o objetivo de mostrar a favela como a expressão de alguns conflitos no espaço urbano atual, utilizando como exemplo a Zona Sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, buscando apontar as principais contradições que envolvem a presença das áreas faveladas em bairros voltados para grupos sociais de alta renda na cidade. Buscamos, portanto, observar os elementos que expressam estes conflitos e entender até que ponto esta população favelada participa do cotidiano dos bairros em estudo, uma discussão que envolve, portanto, a questão do direito à cidade. Entendemos que estes conflitos são também simbólicos e perpassam a questão do estigma que envolve a favela e o favelado no Rio de Janeiro, por isso, buscamos também exemplificar o quanto estes conflitos e contradições contribuem para acirrar este estigma e a distância entre a favela e o bairro. / [en] This study is due to a concern about a very current topic: the slum. The existence of an urban and housing crisis in the news brings up the discussion on the slums in major Brazilian cities, as one of the most important issues to be discussed in the urban space. More and more are discussed in the slums in the urban landscape, making it necessary to understand the dynamics of slum areas and also its relationship with the metropolis. Here we have the objective of showing the slum as the expression of some conflicts in urban areas, utilizing the example of the South Zone of Rio de Janeiro, pointing the main contradictions involving the presence of the shantytowns in neighborhoods facing social groups high income in the city. We seek, therefore, to observe the elements that express these conflicts and to understand the extent to which this part of the slum population of the districts daily in the study, a discussion that involves, therefore, the issue of right to the city. We believe that these conflicts are also symbolic and run through the issue of stigma surrounding the slum and the slum in Rio de Janeiro, so, we seek also illustrate how these conflicts and contradictions contribute to exacerbate the stigma and the distance between the slum and the neighborhood.

[pt] Este trabalho tem por objeto central o sujeito político mulher de favela. Sendo este um constructo teórico, ele é entendido como sendo coletivo por natureza, historicamente determinado e geograficamente circunscrito. Este estudo assume que do ponto de vista histórico o sujeito político mulher de favela vem se construindo, principalmente, a partir da década de 1990, no contexto da globalização, e geopoliticamente se refere aos territórios de segregação sócio-espacial que se classificam como favelas (ou são percebidos como comunidades) no Rio de Janeiro. A questão que norteia este estudo é: Quem é o sujeito político mulher de favela? Os objetivos centrais deste trabalho são: 1) refletir sobre quem são elas e o quê as distingue das demais moradoras das favelas cariocas; 2) descrever como, porquê e através de quais mecanismos elas se constroem enquanto um sujeito político e atuam em seus territórios, e 3) adensar o entendimento sobre qual o papel, as funções e os significados sociais do sujeito coletivo que elas encarnam. A construção conceitual do objeto deste estudo se dá através da mobilização dos conceitos de território e territorialidade da área da Geografia; do conceito de identidade apropriado do campo antropológico e de uma discussão ontológica sobre a mulher de favela a partir de contribuições do debate feminista, em particular sobre a mulher negra no Brasil. Do ponto de vista epistêmico, adotamos o testemunho dos sujeitos subalternos como principal base documental de onde se extraíram evidências sobre as sinergias das trajetórias de vida de 15 colaboradoras, todas elas encarnando o conceito mulher de favela em cada uma das 15 favelas cariocas que representam neste estudo. As conclusões apontam para a solidariedade como o valor ético central e a urgência da necessidade de uma transformação radical como eixo central da luta política da mulher de favela. / [en] The core object of this work is the political subject favela woman. It is assumed that this theoretical concept represents a subject that is collective by nature, historically dated and geo-politically circumscribed. From the historical point of view, the political subject favela woman emerged, mainly, from the 1990 s onwards, in a context known as globalization and it is geopolitically referred to the social-spatial segregation territories named favelas (or perceived as communities) in Rio de Janeiro. This work s research question is: Who is the political subject favela woman? The goals of this study are: 1) to learn who they are and what makes them different from other women who live in the favelas; 2) to describe how, why and by which means they turn themselves into such a political subject within their territories, and 3) to deepen the knowledge about their social role, their territorial management functions and their social meanings as such. The conceptual support of this work has been built by the appropriation of the concepts of territory and territoriality from Geography; identity from the anthropological field and an ontological discussion about the favela woman based on the contributions of the feminist debate, particularly about the back woman in Brazil. From the epistemological point of view, we adopted the subaltern s testimony as the main documental base, from which we extracted evidences about the synergies observed in the life stories of 15 research collaborators. All of them are favela woman who represents 15 favelas of Rio de Janeiro, where they belong. The conclusions points out to the solidarity as her major ethical value and for the urgency of a radical socio-political transformation as the core line of her political struggle.

[pt] O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi investigar a motivação do aluno para o estudo em associação com variáveis de cunho sociodemográfico, escolar, de habilidade com computador e de práticas culturais. Constitui um recorte de uma pesquisa maior, intitulada Juventude e Mídia: contextos escolares e sociais, cuja amostra foi de 3705 alunos do nono ano de trinta e nove escolas públicas municipais do Rio de Janeiro, divididas em cinco estratos demográficos: escolas grandes próximas e distantes de favelas, escolas pequenas próximas e distantes de favelas e escolas pólo. A partir de modelos, utilizando a regressão linear múltipla, identificamos variáveis significativas para composição da motivação: uso educacional do computador, práticas culturais cultivadas, de lazer e de esporte no tempo livre, prática religiosa e prática de assistir televisão e identificou-se que a escola pequena próxima a favela é o estrato onde há maior motivação. A partir do recorte da base com alunos deste estrato, por meio da regressão logística binária, identificou-se: a condição escolar avançada (alunos sem histórico de repetência), o uso social do computador, o uso do computador em lan houses, e a prática religiosa como variáveis associadas a um desfecho favorável. Porém, neste estrato, percebe-se que o nível de desfecho desfavorável também é alto (88,1 por cento), o que permitiu inferir que fatores no interior das escolas que pertencem a este estrato atuam de forma a contribuir para a manutenção da desigualdade a despeito da alta motivação dos seus alunos. Os argumentos do efeito-território nos ajudaram a entender esse processo evidenciando a complexidade existente em tais escolas. / [en] The main objective of the research was to investigate the student s motivation for the study in association with sociodemographic, school, computer and cultural practices skills s variables. This study represents an excerpt of a larger research entitled Youth and Media: school and social contexts, which sample was 3705 9th grade students of thirty-nine public schools in Rio de Janeiro, divided into five demographic strata: nearby and far slums large schools, nearby and far slums small schools, small and reference schools. From models, and the multiple linear regression, we identified significant variables for motivational composition: computer educational use, cultivated cultural, leisure and sport practices in their free time, religious and watching television practice and the results indicated the stratum small school nearby slum as highly motivated. From this new base it was possible to identify the advanced scholastic condition (students with no history of repetition), the social use of computer, Internet cafes (Lan houses) computer use, and religious practice as variables associated to a favorable outcome. However, on this stratum, it is clear that the level of unfavorable outcome is also high (88.1 percent). This relationship made us infer that factors within schools that belong to this stratum act to contribute to the maintenance of inequality despite the high motivation of its students. The arguments of the effect-territory helped us understand this process, highlighting the existing complexity in such schools.

Understanding local perceptions of disease causation could help public health officials improve strategies to prevent bloody diarrhoea. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh to elicit community beliefs about the causes of and prevention strategies for bloody diarrhoea. Between March and June 2003, we interviewed 541 randomly selected respondents. Overall, 507 (93%) respondents perceived that a vaccine could prevent bloody diarrhoea. If a vaccine provided lifetime protection, 445 (83%) respondents stated that they would opt to get the vaccine and would pay a median of $0·05 (range U.S.$0·01-0·15) for it, equivalent to <1% of their median weekly income. There was almost universal perception that an effective vaccine to prevent bloody diarrhoea was highly beneficial and acceptable. While respondents valued a vaccine for prevention of bloody diarrhoea, they were only willing to pay minimally for it. Therefore, achieving a high rate of Shigella vaccine coverage may require subsidy of vaccine purchase.