Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Very little data exists regarding the nutritional status of adolescent soccer players and there is no national data regarding this population. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary intake and anthropometric profile of N=39 male, high-performance, adolescent soccer players who are of mixed race (14 -18 years of age), during the competitive season. Methods: The study design was a descriptive, observational study with an analytical component. A quantified food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ), which has been validated for athletes, was used to characterise their nutritional intake in terms of energy (kCal), macronutrient as well as micronutrient intake. Interpretation of anthropometric data included plotting and interpreting growth indicators such as height-for-age, body mass index (BMI)-for-age, tricep skinfold-for-age, subscapular skinfold-for-age, sum of skinfolds-for-age, arm muscle area (AMA)–for-age, arm muscle circumference (AMC)-for-age, arm fat area (AFA)-for-age and percentage body fat. Results: The anthropometric data showed that most of the players had an adequate height-for-age (100%, N=39) and BMI-for-age (87.2%, N=34). The mean percentage body fat was 10.9±3.5%. The majority of players’ skinfold thickness measurements were above the 85th percentile for triceps (56.4%, N=22), subscapular (59.0%, N=23) as well as the sum of two skinfolds (triceps and subscapular), (72.0%, N=28), AMA (82.1%, N=32), AMC (56.4%, N=22) and AFA (56.4%, N=22). Daily minimum and maximum mean energy expenditure was between 3146.9±213.4 and 3686.4±250.0 kcal while daily mean energy intake was 4374.0±1462.4 kcal. Protein (156±53 g/day), carbohydrate (CHO) (557±172 g/day), total fat (149±67.8 g/day) and cholesterol (546±230 mg/day) intake were all above levels recommended for athletes. The mean micronutrient intake met the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) for all nutrients. Players who were more physically active displayed more favourable anthropometric indices which included body weight, BMI, body fat indices as well as muscle mass indices, despite having a greater total energy intake (TEI). This difference did however not reach statistical significance. Supper was the most regularly consumed meal (97.4%, N=38). The majority of players (61.5%, N=24) ate breakfast daily with only 5.1% (N=2) who never ate breakfast. However, 20.5% (N=8) of the players only ate breakfast 3 days a week. Conclusion: Although most of the players had a normal body weight and BMI, they were predominantly categorised as above average according to indices of body fat. Body muscle indices was categorised as above average for most players suggesting a beneficial finding in terms of sporting performance. The mean TEI, CHO, protein intake and fat intake were all above the recommended levels for athletes. The mean intake of all vitamins and minerals met the EAR/AI. Players who were more physically active displayed more favourable anthropometric indices, despite having a higher TEI. Although this study population exhibited no evidence of stunting, indicating that the players were well nourished (in terms of sufficient macronutrients and micronutrients), they are at risk of being over-nourished which may negatively impact sporting performance as well as overall health. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Daar is baie min studies wat die dieetinname van adolosent-sokkerspelers ondersoek het en daar is sover die navorser se kennis strek, geen nasionale data rakende dieetinname in hierdie studie populasie nie. Doel: Die doel van die studie was om die dieetinname en antropometriese profiel van N=39 manlike hoë-prestasie adolosent-sokkerspelers van gemengde ras (14-18 jaar) gedurende die kompeterende seisoen te bepaal. Metodes: ‘n Kwantitatiewe voedselfrekwensie vraelys was gebruik om die totale energie (kcal), makronutriënt- en mikronutrientinname te bepaal. Die antropometriese data was geïnterpreteer met behulp van die volgende groei indikatore; lengte-vir-ouderdom, liggaamsmassa indeks (LMI)-vir-ouderdom, trisep velvou-vir-ouderdom, subskapulêre velvou-vir-ouderdom, som van velvoue-vir-ouderdom, arm spier area (ASA)-vir-ouderdom, arm spier omtrek (ASO)-vir-ouderdom, arm vet area (AVA)-vir-ouderdom en persentasie liggaamsvet. Resultate: Die antropometriese data het getoon dat meeste van die spelers toepaslike lengte-vir ouderdom (100%, N=39) en LMI-vir-ouderdom (87.2%, N=34) het. Die gemiddelde persentasie liggaamsvet was 10.9±3.5%. Die meerderheid van die spelers se velvou metings was bo die 85ste persentiel vir die trisep (56.4%, N=22), subskapulêr (59.0%, N=23) sowel as die som van twee velvoue (trisep en subscapulêr), (72.0%, N=28), ASA (82.1%, N=32), ASO (56.4%, N=22) en AVA (56.4%, N=22). Die daaglikse maksimum en minimum gemiddelde energie verbruik was 3146.9±213.4 tot 3686.4±250.0 kcal en daaglikse energie inname was 4757.9±2121.2 kcal. Proteïen (155.6±53.3 g/day), koolhidraat (556.8±172.1 g/day), totale vet (148.8±67.8 g/day) en cholesterol (545.5±230.1 mg/day) inname was bo die aanbevelings. Die gemiddelde mikronutriënt inname was binne die geskatte gemiddelde aanbeveling of toereikende inname vir al die mikronutriënte. Die gemiddelde vloeistof inname gedurende ‘n sokker wedstryd en ‘n twee uur oefen sessie was 479.1±163 ml en 597.7±281 ml, onderskeidelik. Die meer aktief spelers het ‘n meer geskikte antropometriese profiel, soos laer gewig, LMI en liggaamsvet waardes en hoër spiermassa waardes beskik, ten spite van ‘n hoër energie inname. Die maal wat die mees gereeld geëet was is aandeete (97.4%, N=38). Meeste (61.5%, N=24) van die spelers het ontbyt daagliks geëet met net 5.1% (N=2) wat nooit ontbyt geëet. Alhoevel daar nogsteeds 20.5% (N=8) van spelers was wat net ontbyt 3 keer per week geëet het. Die maaltyd wat die minste ingeneem was, was ontbyt, met net 20.5% (N=8) wat onybyt 3 dae per week eet. Slot: Alhoewel meeste van die spelers ‘n normale gewig en LMI getoon het, is die meeste spelers gekatogoriseerd as bo gemiddeld in terme van liggaamlike vet waarde. Die meeste van die spelers kan ook gekatogoriseer word as bo gemiddeld in term van spiermassa, wat voordelig is vir sport prestasie. Die gemiddlede energie, koolhidraat, proteïen, en vet innames was bo die aanbevole reikwydtes. Die gemiddelde mikronutriënt inname was binne die geskatte gemiddelde aanbeveling of toereikende inname vir al die mikronutriënte. Meer aktief spelers het ‘n meer geskikte antropometriese profiel getoon, ten spite van ‘n hoër energie inname. Alhoewel hierdie populasie wel gevoed is, in terme van makronutriënt en micronutrient, draar hulle ‘n risiko om oor gevoed to wees. Dit mag hulle sport prestasie en algehele gesondheid negatief beïnvloed.

Orientador: Fabio Augusto Barbieri / Banca: Sergio Augusto Cunha / Banca: Sergio Tosi Rodrigues / Resumo: O futsal é um esporte de alta intensidade e intermitente que tem como principal ação na tentativa de fazer gol o chute, porém não se sabe como ocorre a interação entre o goleiro e o batedor. Portanto, entender o mecanismo de percepção-ação sob efeito da fadiga durante o chute utilizando a estratégia de goleiro-dependente é de grande relevância para o esporte. Assim os objetivos do estudo são: a) verificar a influência de diferentes momentos de inserção da dica visual durante a corrida de aproximação no comportamento motor e do olhar no desempenho do chute com a bola parada no futsal; b) investigar o efeito da fadiga no comportamento do olhar e na precisão durante o chute com a bola parada no futsal de acordo com a manipulação da dica visual. Do estudo 1, participaram 17 atletas amadores que realizaram 18 chutes com bola parada em 3 condições (dica visual a 1,6 e 0,8 metros da corrida de aproximação pra bola e sem dica visual). Para verificar os parâmetros motores, visuais e desempenho foram utilizados sistemas de câmeras infravermelho (OptiTrack 17W) e de rastreamento do olho (EyeTracking Mobile System). As condições foram comparadas por meio de ANOVA one way e análise de magnitude de efeito. Houve somente diminuição na velocidade do último passo na condição de dica visual a 0,8 metros comparado com a 1,6 metros (p = 0,042). A análise de magnitude de efeito revelou pequenos possíveis aumento na atenção e diminuição na velocidade do movimento na condição sem dica visual e dica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Futsal is a high-intensity and intermittent sport that has as main action in the attempt to make goal kick, but it isn't known how the interaction between the goalkeeper ante the bater occurs. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of perception-action under the effect of fatigue during the kick using the goalkeeper-dependent strategy is of great relevance for the sport. Thus the aims of the study are: a) To verify the influence of different moments of insertion of the visual tip during the approach run in the motor behavior and visual control in the performance of the kick with stationary ball in futsal; b) To investigate the effect of fatigue in the visual behavior and the precision during the kick with stationary ball in futsal according to the manipulation of the visual tip. From Study 1, 17 amateur athletes participated in 18 kicks stationary ball in 3 conditions (visual tip at 1.6 a 0.8 meters from the approach run to the ball and without visual tip). To verify the motor, visual and performance parameters were used infrared camera systems (OptiTrack 17W) and eye tracking (EyeTracking Mobile System). The conditions was compared using ANOVA one way and effect magnitude analysis. There was only a decrease in velocity of the last step in the visual tip condition at 0.8 meters compared to 1.6 meters (p = 0.042). The analysis of magnitude of effect revealed small possible increase in attention and decrease in movement speed in the condition without visual tip and visual t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This study aimed to compare the acute effects of two independent warm-up (WU) protocols, neuromuscular warm-up (NMWU) and standardized soccer warm-up (STWU), on three soccer-specific performance tests in adolescent male and female soccer players. Substantial evidence exists of NMWU programs reducing Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries, particularly in soccer. Regardless of this reduced risk of injury, NMWU program adherence is low. Enhanced athletic performance has been reported to encourage consistent WU adherence more effectively than injury risk, especially in youth athletes. Therefore this study compared the effects of a NMWU and a STWU on physical performance in youth soccer players to encourage adherence and implementation. Following familiarization with a locally developed NMWU, 35 (11 female, 24 male) student-athletes (mean age: 14.7 yrs) from two high school-based soccer academies completed four sessions over a two week period evaluating the effects of WU on three soccer specific performance tests. Performance tests included T-test (agility), vertical jump (Peak Power Output), and 20-m sprint (acceleration and speed). The first week of testing consisted of NMWU familiarization, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, and the collection of physical characteristics. The second week of testing consisted of two testing sessions, WU protocols were randomly assigned to the testing sessions ahead of time (session 1: STWU; session 2: NMWU) and were completed at the beginning of the session prior to testing. A series of five two-tailed repeated measures ANOVA were conducted to determine significant differences in WU means. The overall group demonstrated a significant increase in Peak Power Output (p=0.001) and agility (p=0.016) following the STWU compared to the NMWU. Neither WU demonstrated a measurable effect on 5m,10m, and 20m times. The findings of this research may have been influenced by the single use of the NMWU which may have limited the NMWU potential to enhance the three soccer-related performance tests. In order to explore the effectiveness of NMWU on performance enhancement as a means of improving its adherence in youth players, further research implementing NMWU over an extended period of weeks or months should be carried out, consistent with studies demonstrating NMWU impact on ACL injury risk in youth and adults. / Graduate

OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, Ricardo César Gadelha de. Doação e trabalho voluntário dos torcedores no futebol cearense: o caso do Movimento Independente da Torcida Tricolor. 2012. 132f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sociologia) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Ciências Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza-CE, 2012. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-31T11:54:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Dis_RCGOliveirajunior.pdf: 922243 bytes, checksum: b68136d0b88d64f68003cbec35b86178 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-16T11:53:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Dis_RCGOliveirajunior.pdf: 922243 bytes, checksum: b68136d0b88d64f68003cbec35b86178 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-16T11:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Dis_RCGOliveirajunior.pdf: 922243 bytes, checksum: b68136d0b88d64f68003cbec35b86178 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / This dissertation intends to analyze the actions of a group of supporters of the Fortaleza Esporte Clube, named Movimento Independente da Torcida Tricolor, also called MITT, founded in 2006,whose main objective is there form and expansion of physical assets of the club, through campaigns raising money and building materials. The analysis considers football as a field, in terms used by Pierre Bourdieu, a space defined by the competition of a very symbolic capital and specific forms of consecration. Based on the opinions of the fans in sports radio programs and discussions in online forums, as well as the observation of meetings held by the MITT, it was observed that, since its founding, the group has gained prestige and is considered by fans as a model to be followed. This growth in the value of the association, in this social space where the gift, the giving without expecting something in return, the sacrifice in the name of something bigger(the club) and the suppression of individual interests are considered supreme values, has been achieved from two modes of public expression of disinterest: first, for some financial gain, explained by the constant publication in the media of the benefits of account of what is collected from the fans, and finally by renouncing the pursuit of consecration, i.e., by the very specific form of symbolic capital at stake. / Essa dissertação pretende analisar as ações de um grupo de torcedores do Fortaleza Esporte Clube, denominado Movimento Independente da Torcida Tricolor, também denominado MITT, fundado em 2006, que tem como principal objetivo a reforma e ampliação do patrimônio físico do clube, por meio de campanhas de arrecadação de dinheiro e material de construção. A análise se dá considerando o futebol como um campo, nos termos usados por Pierre Bourdieu, um espaço marcado pela disputa de um capital simbólico próprio e formas de consagração específicas. Partindo das opiniões dos torcedores em programas esportivos de rádio e discussões em fóruns virtuais, bem como da observação das reuniões realizadas pelo MITT, observou-se que, desde sua fundação, o grupo tem conquistado prestígio, sendo considerado pelos torcedores um modelo a ser seguido. Esse crescimento do valor da associação, nesse espaço social onde a dádiva, o dar sem esperar algo em troca, o sacrifício em nome de algo maior (o clube) e a supressão dos interesses individuais são considerados valores supremos, tem sido conquistado a partir de dois modos de manifestação pública de desinteresse: primeiro, por algum ganho financeiro, explicitada pela constante divulgação nos meios de comunicação das prestações de conta do que é arrecadado junto aos torcedores, e finalmente pela renúncia da busca de consagração, ou seja, pela própria forma específica de capital simbólico aí em jogo.

Entre as diversas manifestações esportivas, o futebol é o que apresenta maior popularidade no Brasil, sendo conhecido e reconhecido como o Esporte das Multidões. O futebol é um terreno fértil para estudos e reflexões, pois seus simbolismos permitem articulações com outras dimensões da vida social. Entre os atores sociais envolvidos no futebol, destacam-se os torcedores, essenciais para a existência do espetáculo esportivo. São os torcedores que vivenciam e partilham emoções, que percebem e internalizam toda natureza simbólica do futebol, revelando então sua própria natureza. Para os torcedores há um lugar sagrado: os estádios de futebol, verdadeiros santuários de culto a bola, que remetem o espetáculo esportivo a um rito mitificador. Os estádios de futebol estão presentes no imaginário como a casa dos homens. Entretanto cresce cotidianamente o número de mulheres que comparecem regularmente a esses templos do futebol. Empregando o método bola de neve foram selecionadas sete mulheres frequentadoras de estádios de futebol que responderam a uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Com uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizou-se a análise do discurso com o intuito de compreender e analisar a produção imaginária dessas mulheres. Foram encontradas as marcas estádio (com sentido imprevisibilidade, espaço de confraternização, espaço masculino e espaço democrático), gente (com sentido de grupo), homem (com sentido de preconceito e domínio), mulher (com sentido de conquista de espaço, torcedora, companheira e insegurança) e time (com sentido de paixão e zoeira). A interpretação dos dados remete a figura de Dionísio, pelos aspectos do êxtase, do entusiasmo, do prazer, da liberdade, da autonomia, por não se deixar dominar e pela quebra de tabus

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-02. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000856706.pdf: 945344 bytes, checksum: 73d9d7136221d098816d52da5c717de1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As habilidades técnicas são fundamentais para o sucesso de uma equipe no futebol. Diversos estudos têm utilizado testes de habilidades técnicas isoladas do contexto do jogo para identificar jogadores talentosos no futebol e diferenciar jogadores de alto nível daqueles de nível inferior. Pesquisadores salientam que testes de habilidades técnicas podem ser utilizados para seleção de jogadores com potencial para atuar em alto nível. No entanto, não há evidência conclusiva sobre a relação entre o desempenho apresentado pelos jogadores em bateria de testes e o desempenho dos jogadores no próprio jogo. O propósito do presente estudo foi examinar o desempenho de jogadores de futebol em uma bateria de testes envolvendo habilidade técnicas e o desempenho dessas habilidades durante uma partida. Foram selecionados para o estudo 36 jogadores de futebol de duas equipes participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Sub-17 em 2014. A avaliação das habilidades técnicas fora do contexto do jogo foi realizada pela bateria de testes F-MARC. A análise do desempenho dos jogadores no jogo foi realizada pelo Instrumento de Avaliação do Jogador de Futebol (IAJF). No presente estudo, o IAJF foi validado quanto ao seu conteúdo por receber conceito no mínimo aceitável (3 de 5) de todos os especialistas. Além disso, o IAJF foi validado em sua fidedignidade intra e inter avaliadores, com resultados da correlação de Spearman forte (> 0,60) e concordância Kappa que variou entre boa (0,61 a 0,80) e excelente (0,81 a 1,0). O desempenho de jogadores entre as duas equipes na bateria de testes F-MARC não apontou diferença significativa em qualquer dos testes. Por último, os resultados indicaram que não há uma relação entre os desempenhos em testes específicos de habilidade técnicas com o desempenho dessas habilidades realizadas durante um jogo. Em conjunto, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a avaliação motora de jogadores que... / Technical skills are critical to the success of a team in soccer. Several studies have used isolated from the game context technical skills tests to identify talented players in soccer and differentiate high level players from those of lower level ones. Researchers stress out that testing technical skills can be used to select potential players to play at high levels. However, there is no conclusive evidence on the relationship between the performance shown by the players in a test battery and the performance of the players in a match. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of soccer players by a battery of tests involving technical skill and performance of these skills during a match. Were selected for the study 36 players of two teams participating in the U-17 in Campeonato Paulista de Futebol 2014. The assessment of technical skills outside the match context was performed by the F-MARC tests. The performance analysis of the players in the match e was held at Soccer Player Assessment Instrument (SPAI). In this study, IAJF had its content validated because it received the minimum acceptable concept (3 of 5) from all experts. Furthermore, SPAI was validated in its intra and inter examiner reliability, with the Spearman's correlation coefficient results (> 0.60) and Kappa agreement ranging from good (0.61 to 0.80) and excellent (0.81 1.0). The performance of players between the two teams in the F-MARC tests showed no significant difference in any of the them. Finally, the results indicated that there is no relationship between performance on specific tests of technical skill and the performance of these skills during a match. In short, the results of this study suggest that the motor evaluation of players who are training to become professional through batteries of tests little expresses the technical skills performed during a match

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mg_me_guara.pdf: 891887 bytes, checksum: f0821f5c19c026a3c479d3e2370051df (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O chute no futebol é um gesto técnico bastante estudado, devido a sua importância dentro de uma partida, porém existem algumas lacunas importantes a serem preenchidas, principalmente quanto a sua análise no aspecto quantitativo. Este estudo teve como objetivo encontrar um sistema eficaz de análise dos fatores técnicos intervenientes na performance motora de jogadores de futebol de campo. Neste sentido tornou-se de fundamental importância avaliar parâmetros biomecânicos aplicados durante o chute com o dorso do pé em atletas de categorias de base, a fim de melhorar a performance motora e corrigir falhas não detectadas pela análise qualitativa. Desta forma foi elaborado um sistema de medidas específico, que teve como ponto central da pesquisa, a análise do movimento de chute ao gol. Utilizou-se a cinemetria bidimensional (2D), visando analisar o ângulo formado pelo joelho da perna de apoio; a força de reação do solo ou força vertical (Fv); o COP (centro de pressão) medido pelo equilíbrio do pé de apoio e deslocamento em fases determinantes do chute; e através de acelerômetro, encontrou-se o comportamento da aceleração ou desaceleração produzidas nas fases do movimento de chute. A amostra foi constituída de quatro indivíduos com idades compreendidas entre 16 e 19 anos, atletas da equipe do Resende Futebol Clube, sendo dois da categoria juniores e dois da categoria juvenil. O teste consistiu na execução de chutes com o dorso do pé cujo objetivo foi acertar o alvo posicionado a nove metros do voluntário; o chute caracterizou-se por ser funcional, mas ao mesmo tempo empregando potência. Os resultados encontrados foram coerentes para Fv e aceleração na análise inter-voluntários. Em relação à velocidade alcançada pela bola para inter-voluntários, os resultados apresentaram padrão esperado... / The kick in soccer is a technical gesture extensively studied because of its importance within a game, but there are some important gaps to be filled, specially regarding its analysis on the quantitative aspect. This study aimed to find an effective system of analysis of technical factors involved in motor control performance of soccer players in the field. In this sense has become of paramount importance to assess biomechanical parameters applied during the kick with the instep of the basic categories of athletes, to improve motor performance and to correct errors not detected by qualitative analysis. Thus was developed a system of specific measures, which had as its central point of the research, analysis of the motion of kicking the goal. Kinemetry used the two-dimensional (2D) to evaluate the angle formed by the knee of the supporting leg, the ground reaction force, especifically vertical force (Fv), the COP (center of pressure) measured by the balance of the foot support and decisive shift in phases of the kick, and by accelerometer, found the behavior of acceleration or deceleration produced in the phases of the motion of kick. The sample consisted of four individuals aged between 16 and 19 years, athletes team Resende Football Club, two juniors and two categories of the youth category. The test consisted in the execution of kicks with the instep whose goal was to hit the target positioned at nine meters of the volunteer, the kick was characterized by being functional, but at the same time employing power. The results were consistent for Fv and acceleration parameters between inter-volunteers and the ball speeds were registered according with literature. The results showed the expected pattern, however, COP parameter presented the individual pattern between inter-volunteers and showed same trend for intra- volunteers

Orientador: Cynthia Yukiko Hiraga / Banca: Walter Gama / Banca: Sergio Augusto Cunha / Resumo: As habilidades técnicas são fundamentais para o sucesso de uma equipe no futebol. Diversos estudos têm utilizado testes de habilidades técnicas isoladas do contexto do jogo para identificar jogadores talentosos no futebol e diferenciar jogadores de alto nível daqueles de nível inferior. Pesquisadores salientam que testes de habilidades técnicas podem ser utilizados para seleção de jogadores com potencial para atuar em alto nível. No entanto, não há evidência conclusiva sobre a relação entre o desempenho apresentado pelos jogadores em bateria de testes e o desempenho dos jogadores no próprio jogo. O propósito do presente estudo foi examinar o desempenho de jogadores de futebol em uma bateria de testes envolvendo habilidade técnicas e o desempenho dessas habilidades durante uma partida. Foram selecionados para o estudo 36 jogadores de futebol de duas equipes participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Sub-17 em 2014. A avaliação das habilidades técnicas fora do contexto do jogo foi realizada pela bateria de testes F-MARC. A análise do desempenho dos jogadores no jogo foi realizada pelo Instrumento de Avaliação do Jogador de Futebol (IAJF). No presente estudo, o IAJF foi validado quanto ao seu conteúdo por receber conceito no mínimo aceitável (3 de 5) de todos os especialistas. Além disso, o IAJF foi validado em sua fidedignidade intra e inter avaliadores, com resultados da correlação de Spearman forte (> 0,60) e concordância Kappa que variou entre boa (0,61 a 0,80) e excelente (0,81 a 1,0). O desempenho de jogadores entre as duas equipes na bateria de testes F-MARC não apontou diferença significativa em qualquer dos testes. Por último, os resultados indicaram que não há uma relação entre os desempenhos em testes específicos de habilidade técnicas com o desempenho dessas habilidades realizadas durante um jogo. Em conjunto, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a avaliação motora de jogadores que... / Abstract: Technical skills are critical to the success of a team in soccer. Several studies have used isolated from the game context technical skills tests to identify talented players in soccer and differentiate high level players from those of lower level ones. Researchers stress out that testing technical skills can be used to select potential players to play at high levels. However, there is no conclusive evidence on the relationship between the performance shown by the players in a test battery and the performance of the players in a match. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of soccer players by a battery of tests involving technical skill and performance of these skills during a match. Were selected for the study 36 players of two teams participating in the U-17 in Campeonato Paulista de Futebol 2014. The assessment of technical skills outside the match context was performed by the F-MARC tests. The performance analysis of the players in the match e was held at Soccer Player Assessment Instrument (SPAI). In this study, IAJF had its content validated because it received the minimum acceptable concept (3 of 5) from all experts. Furthermore, SPAI was validated in its intra and inter examiner reliability, with the Spearman's correlation coefficient results (> 0.60) and Kappa agreement ranging from good (0.61 to 0.80) and excellent (0.81 1.0). The performance of players between the two teams in the F-MARC tests showed no significant difference in any of the them. Finally, the results indicated that there is no relationship between performance on specific tests of technical skill and the performance of these skills during a match. In short, the results of this study suggest that the motor evaluation of players who are training to become professional through batteries of tests little expresses the technical skills performed during a match / Mestre

Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The hosting of 2014 FIFA World CupTM was an ideal opportunity for Brazil to enhance its international image. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact on Brazil and on Rio de Janeiro (as a host city and major tourist destination) of mainstream media reporting on the hosting of the 2014 FIFA World CupTM. It provides a picture of how Brazil and Rio de Janeiro were reported in selected newspapers at different stages of the event: pre-, lead-up, during, and post- the 2014 World Cup. The study also seeks to ascertain whether the major objectives of the Brazil World Cup bid were met in the hosting of this mega-event. A media content analysis was conducted in four key tourism markets: Argentina, USA, Germany and Portugal. These countries were chosen because they represent Brazil’s main tourism markets and reported significant numbers of ticket sales for the event. The methodology used was qualitative analysis, including content sourcing, content identification and the use of Leximancer, an analytic tool for large amounts of textual data. The study examined online newspapers with the largest readership and circulation numbers in the selected markets. In total, 1961 online newspaper articles relevant to Brazil’s hosting of the 2014 FIFA World CupTM were analysed. The findings revealed both positive and negative sentiments associated with Brazil’s hosting of the event. A key finding from the analysis was that for all markets, there was a shift from relatively positive sentiment in the pre-World Cup period, to more negative sentiment in the lead-up, followed by a return to positive sentiment during and after the World Cup. Having shifted to a more negative view leading up to and during the event, the USA market was dominated by media attention to social unrest and corruption. The period immediately prior to the tournament recorded an increase in both positive and negative media coverage in the US, German and Portuguese markets, but became more positive in the Argentinian market. Thus, the lead-up period was particularly significant in all markets. Safety and security concerns expressed in the lead-up period decreased significantly during the hosting and post- periods, and a positive image of the country was noticeable in the international media. Therefore, while the positive sentiments emerging during the event should be capitalised on, Brazil should also address the lurking concerns and negative perceptions that continue despite its successful hosting of the mega-event. By doing this the nation can consolidate its brand’s position in a sustained and positive way. As different reporting tones were noticed in the different markets across the time periods, it becomes important to consider these changes in the future event marketing and positioning of Rio de Janeiro as the leading tourism destination and events capital for Brazil, especially in relation to Rio de Janeiro’s hosting of future events.