O trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar e oferecer uma nova política de eletrificação rural para o Estado de São Paulo, tendo por base o seguinte questionamento: cabe ao Estado de São Paulo manter política própria de eletrificação rural após a lei da universalização, nº 10.438/2002, do programa Luz para Todos e, ainda, do conjunto de Resoluções da ANEEL sobre o assunto? A abordagem do assunto tem por base a experiência do autor sobre o tema eletrificação rural, em especial com os programas desenvolvidos no Estado a partir de 1996, sob gestão ou coordenação da CERESP, órgão da Secretaria de Saneamento e Energia (SSE). A regulação da época previa que o interessado deveria pagar pelo custo de conexão à rede elétrica das concessionárias, assim, os programas desenvolvidos até então, tratavam de complexos sistemas de financiamento dessas conexões. As inovações desses programas contribuíram para a implantação da lei da universalização 10.438/2002 e do programa Luz para Todos. O programa Luz para Todos trata a universalização de modo diferente daquele determinado pela Resolução 456/2000, em que os benefícios concedidos aos interessados atendidos pelo programa são mais abrangentes daqueles permitidos pela regulação atual. A pesquisa mostra que esse é o diferencial que permite a real universalização do acesso ao serviço público de eletricidade no meio rural, de forma adequada. O programa será encerrado em dezembro de 2010, cabendo às concessionárias atender os interessados apenas pelos critérios da universalização. O trabalho aponta grande possibilidade de exclusão do acesso à eletricidade a partir desse momento, e propõe oferecer ao Estado uma pesquisa que indique caminhos que possibilite a São Paulo antecipar-se às consequências que virão com fim do Programa Luz para Todos. Trata-se, assim, de pesquisa que envolve experiência profissional e conhecimento acadêmico. / The research work aims to study and provide a new policy of rural electrification in the State of Sao Paulo, based on the following question: \"the State of Sao Paulo must maintain its own policy of rural electrification after the universal law, nº 10.438/2002, the Light for All program and also the set of resolutions by ANEEL on the matter?\" The approach to the subject is based on the author\'s experience on the subject of rural electrification, especially through programs developed in the state since 1996, under the management or coordination of CERESP, organ of the SSE. The regulation of time provided that the person should pay for the cost of grid connection to the utilities power grids, therefore the programs developed so far, dealt with complex financial systems of these connections. The innovations of these programs contributed to the implementation of the law universal nº 10438/2002 and the Light for All program. The Light for All Program is universal and so different from that determined by ANEEL Resolution 456/2000, where the benefits granted to persons enrolled in the program are the most comprehensive of those allowed by current regulation. Research shows that this is the differential that allows the real universal access to public electricity in rural areas, as appropriate. The program will end in December 2010, leaving it to dealers only meet the criteria of universality. The work shows great possibility of exclusion from access to electricity from that time, and proposes giving the state a survey indicating that enable paths to Sao Paulo to anticipate the consequences that come with the end of the Light for All Program. Therefore, it is a research that involves work experience and academic knowledge.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-17T11:54:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Silva Mesquita.pdf: 7538322 bytes, checksum: a41e962e4ef0b303cd1305a4881dade8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T11:54:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Silva Mesquita.pdf: 7538322 bytes, checksum: a41e962e4ef0b303cd1305a4881dade8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / Brazil's economic history is characterized by a strongly shortage of saving, and this has always been considered one of the main causes for the low level of productive investment in the economy. The pension funds could boost the country economy by allocating a portion of their available reserves in the manufacturing sector of the economy. Nowadays, the majority of the pension funds investment resources are concentrated in the speculative market; it means that they practically do not contribute with the economic development of the country. The Brazilian’s very high interest rate disincentives the investment in the manufacturing sector, because the pension fund managers can fulfill their obligations by concentrating investments only in bonds or other promissory certificates issued by the government. The ultimate goal of a pension fund is to ensure comfortable retirement for its participants, and the fund managers must ensure the liquidity and solvency of the offered plans. However, in addition to promoting the country's social security (main role), the pension funds could also be actively contributing to Brazil's economic development. The capital investment in the hands of pension funds could be extremely useful for social development, but it is eventually redirected to the speculative market / A história econômica do Brasil é fortemente marcada por grande escassez de poupança e isso sempre foi apontado como um dos problemas centrais para o baixo nível de investimento na economia. Os fundos de pensão, possuidores de grandes recursos disponíveis para investimento, poderiam alavancar o desenvolvimento do país alocando uma parcela de seus recursos nos setores produtivos da economia. Hoje em dia, a maior parte destes recursos disponíveis para investimento está concentrado no mercado especulativo, ou seja, praticamente não contribuem em nada com o desenvolvimento econômico do país. O principal fator de desincentivo ao investimento produtivo é a elevadíssima taxa de juros praticada hoje na economia brasileira, próxima de 14% a.a., que possibilita aos gestores dos fundos de pensão o cumprimento de suas obrigações concentrando os investimentos apenas em títulos públicos federais. O objetivo fim de um fundo de pensão é garantir uma aposentadoria confortável aos seus participantes, e para isso os administradores dos fundos devem zelar pela liquidez e solvência dos planos. Porém, além de atuar com destaque na seguridade social do país (seu papel principal), os fundos de pensão poderiam também estar contribuindo de forma mais ativa no desenvolvimento econômico do Brasil. Esse montante de capital disponível para investimento, com obrigações apenas de longo prazo, que poderia ser extremamente útil para o desenvolvimento social, termina concentrado em sua grande maioria no mercado especulativo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Telma Goncalves Cunha.pdf: 2207931 bytes, checksum: df3ad047c91a7372650d86b8131a00b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In many ways that can be used to promote country s development usually appears basic themes such as education and health as priorities in the strategic plan, which would be natural considering models like the pyramid of needs / motivations of Maslow. In Brazil, as developing country, still appears illness in that direction as well as in other sectors of basic infrastructure as shown by a series of indicators. In this context, the primary objective of this research is to search among different social development indicators in Brazil, which would be the most relevant at regional and local level to examine the country. For this purpose statistics analysis were performed by using platform of 2013 Atlas Brazil provided by the United Nations Program for Development (UNDP) which contains information about the 5565 Municipalities and the Federal District. The issues raised were (i) which are the relationships between the indicators within each seven dimensions used in Atlas, in order to reduce the dimensionality of data (ii) which are the most significant to detect differences among the five regions of the country and (iii) at the local level, which of these indicators would be most critical to detect differences between the states, which could be used for planning and monitoring state. Among the results found critical indicators are observed: (1) the relevance of the population is still below the level of extreme poverty, (2) the importance of the high illiteracy rate of adults and (3) the lowest percentage of income earned by 20 % of the poorest as the most important indicators in distinguishing between regions and states of Brazil / Nos diversos caminhos que podem ser utilizados para promover o desenvolvimento do país normalmente aparecem os temas básicos de educação e saúde como prioridades no planejamento estratégico, o que seria natural pensando em modelos como a pirâmide de necessidades/motivações de Maslow. No Brasil, como país em desenvolvimento, ainda aparecem mazelas nessa direção bem como em outros setores de infraestrutura básica conforme mostram uma série de indicadores. Neste contexto, o objetivo primordial da presente pesquisa é procurar dentre os diferentes indicadores sobre desenvolvimento social no Brasil, quais seriam os mais relevantes ao nível regional e local para analisar o país. Para essa finalidade no trabalho foram realizadas analises estatísticas utilizando a plataforma Atlas Brasil 2013, disponibilizada pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) e contendo informações sobre os 5565 municípios e o Distrito Federal. As questões levantadas foram (i) qual são as relações existentes entre os indicadores dentro de cada uma das setes dimensões utilizadas no Atlas, com o intuito de diminuir a dimensionalidade dos dados (ii) quais são os mais significativos para detectar os diferencias entre as cinco regiões do pais e (iii) ao nível mais local, quais desses indicadores seriam mais críticos para detectar diferencias entre os estados, que poderiam servir para planejamento e monitoramento estadual. Dentre os resultados de indicadores críticos encontrados se observam: (1) a relevância da população que ainda se encontra abaixo do nível de extrema pobreza, (2) a importância da alta taxa de analfabetismo de adultos e (3) o ínfimo porcentual da renda apropriada pelos 20% mais pobres, como os indicadores mais importantes na distinção entre regiões e estados do Brasil

O Índice de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável (IDRS) foi elaborado com o objetivo de caracterizar, no espaço rural (local predominantemente ocupado pela agricultura e pecuária), o desenvolvimento econômico (IDE), social (IDS) e ambiental (IDA) por intermédio de três índices primários, sete índices secundários e sete parâmetros. Os índices secundários foram calculados utilizando os valores médios dos diferentes parâmetros, por município, por intermédio de variáveis normalizadas. O índice de desenvolvimento econômico utilizou as seguintes variáveis normalizadas (variando de 0 a 1): produto interno bruto (R$.município-1.ano-1) (parâmetro 1) relativo, renda per capita relativa (R$.pessoa-1.ano- 1) (parâmetro 2) (em relação aos valores máximos de um dado município). O social utilizou a relação entre a escolaridade (número de anos) (parâmetro 3), a expectativa de vida (anos) (parâmetro 4) e o nível de emprego (%)(parâmetro 5) e os respectivos valores máximos de um dado município. O ambiental utilizou a relação entre as áreas de reserva legal (ha) (parâmetro 6), bem como as áreas de preservação permanente (ha) (parâmetro 7), atualmente usadas pelos agricultores e as correspondentes áreas mínimas exigidas pela lei 12.651 (publicada no Diário Oficial da União em 25 de maio de 2012). O modelo universal, de crescimento tipicamente exponencial, foi proposto para o cálculo do índice secundário (variável dependente) utilizando a variável normalizada como variável independente. Aplicando essa metodologia de caracterização especificamente para o CODEMAU (Conselho de Desenvolvimento Regional do Médio Alto Uruguai), localizado na região norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, verificou-se que: (i) Rodeio Bonito e Dois Irmãos das Missões, Alpestre e Frederico Westphalen, e Vicente Dutra e Taquaruçu do Sul foram os municípios que apresentaram, respectivamente, os menores e maiores valores de IDE, IDS e IDA; porém, (ii) Vicente Dutra e Dois Irmãos das Missões foram os municípios que apresentaram, respectivamente, os menores e maiores valores de IDRS. O índice de desenvolvimento rural sustentável apresenta-se como uma excelente ferramenta para comparar regiões (propriedades rurais, municípios, estados e países, por exemplo). / The Sustainable Rural Development Index (IDRS) was elaborated with the purpose of characterizing, in the rural space (predominantly occupied by agriculture and livestock), the economical (IDE), social (IDS) and environmental (IDA) development through three primary indexes, seven secondary indexes and seven parameters. The secondary indexes were computed using the mean values of different parameters, by county, trough normalized variables (range from 0 to 1). The economical index used the following normalized variables: Gross Income Product (R$.county-1.year-1) (first parameter), per capita income (R$.person-1.year-1) (second parameter) (in relation to their maximum values for a specific county). The social index used relative values of scholarity (number of years) (third parameter), life expectance (years) (fourth parameter) and employment level (%) (fifth parameter) (also in relation to their maximum values for a specific county). The environmental index used relative values of Legal Reserve area (ha) (sixth parameter), as well as the Permanent Preservation Area (ha) (seventh parameter), actually used by farmers and the correspondent minimum areas required by the law 12.651 (published at DOU in 25 May 2012). The universal model, that typically presents exponential growth, was proposed for computing the secondary index (dependent variable) using a normalized variable as independent variable. This methodology was applied for characterizing the CODEMAU (Association for Developing the \'Médio Alto Uruguai\' region) area (23 counties), located at North region of \'Rio Grande do Sul\' State. It was verified that: (i) \'Rodeio Bonito\' and \'Dois Irmãos das Missões\', \'Alpestre\' and \'Frederico Westphalen\', and \'Vicente Dutra\' and \'Taquaruçu do Sul\' were the counties that presented, respectively, the lowest and highest values of IDE, IDS and IDA; but, (ii) \'Vicente Dutra\' and \'Dois Irmãos das Missões\' were the counties that presented, respectively, the lowest and highest values of IDRS. The sustainable rural development index presents as an excellent tool for comparing regions (rural properties, counties, states and countries, for example).

Thesis (MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / This study drew attention to the influential role the transformational leadership constructs can play in increasing women representation in decision making structures of the Department of Social Development (DSD). The DSD’s Sekhukhune District in Limpopo Province was used as an area of study. The aim of the study was to investigate the significance of transformational leadership in pursuing gender parity in the DSD’s Sekhukhune District. The study followed an exploratory research design and implemented a qualitative methodology. A total of 10 DSD managers were targeted. Furthermore, a purposive sampling was used and interviews were conducted as the method of data collection. The data collected had been analysed thematically. The results revealed that although there have been improvements of more appointed women managers within the organisation. There were still more women managers than men managers within the organisation. However, most men occupy senior management positions while most women occupy the lower managerial positions. Most managers were not inspired to perform more than they were expected giving the reason that, they lack resources and their efforts often go unrecognised. Most managers found political appointment discouraging towards fair promotions. Nevertheless, there were enough women who possess required leadership skills. Conversely, there were no programmes that support women participation and empowerment in issues relating to gender parity. Leadership training, transformational leadership, provision of resources and salary acceleration were common suggestions to pursue gender parity. The study recommends that the DSD Sekhukhune District leadership should adopt and implement transformational leadership, change political appointment, appoint leaders with relevant qualifications, establishing a functional gender mainstreaming office within the DSD Sekhukhune District, adequate budgetary support and specialised training of staff shall assist in closing the gender parity gap.

Thesis (M.Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2011 / The mining sector in South Africa has enjoyed decades of profiteering and unchecked neglect of developmental needs of surrounding communities. Most of the communities surrounding South African mines are therefore synonymous with social problems that include poverty, poor health, unemployment, adult illiteracy, poor housing, family disorganization and high influx of unaccompanied migrant labour. On the contrary, mining is presented as the paradigm of wealth in particular when dealing with gold and diamond mining, while its marketing conceals its terrible social and environmental consequences. However mining is responsible for such impacts and many others. This study looks at the socio-economic impact of mining on community development in Greater Tubatse Municipal area located in Limpopo Province, South Africa. From the interviews conducted and questionnaires administered to sampled community members and workers of the platinum mine in Greater Tubatse Municipality, it emerged that the existence of mining companies in the area has done little to uplift the lives of the people in terms of socioeconomic development. The study makes recommendations on how the situation can be improved so that the population living in the area can benefit from the work carried out by mining companies.

<p>This study investigates the challenges facing the management of public enterprises in the Democratic of Congo. The study is based on the hypothesis that poor performance by state-owned enterprises in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been influenced by inadequate management which has led to the dissatisfaction of citizens. Due to this problem increasing attention is being paid by the DRC Government to encouraging private sector involvement in services such as water and electricity. This study investigates the arguments for and against privatization, especially in the water and electricity sectors. In pursuing this debate the study explores the following main research question: To what extent will the DRC Reform Law aimed at transforming the commercialisation of public enterprises enhance the effectiveness of basic services such as water and electricity services in the DRC? A case study of the city of Bukavu in the eastern DRC is used to explore this question.</p>

Regional development in Canada is uneven. However, it is less clear whether native development in Canada is similarly patterned as non-native development. As well, it is not evident whether variations exist in the differences between the level of development of native and non-native people in different regions of Canada.<p> Development is a multi-dimensional process involving economic and social change. The primary purpose of this thesis is to examine the use of the indicator approach to create a measure of development which encompasses both the economic and social dimensions of development. The secondary purposes of the thesis are: (1) to use the indicator approach to compute a measure of development to identify spatial variations in the level of development of native people in Canada in 1981, and (2) to use development indicators to examine the spatial variations in the concept of dualism as it applies to native and non-native residents of Canada.<p> The data source for this analysis is the 1981 Native Summary Tape, a special tape produced by Census Canada containing a multitude of socio-economic data for natives and non-natives at the national, provincial, census division and census subdivision level. The primary statistical technique used in the computation of the development measures is principal components analysis. The development measures are computed at the census division level and mapping aids in the identification of the spatial patterns.<p> The results from this analysis suggest that the indicator approach to measuring development presented in this thesis is a valuable tool in the identification of spatial variations in development. This is an important procedure for researchers who wish to examine development in its socio-economic totality. Native development and dualism between native and non-native Canadians do vary spatially. The general pattern is higher native development and lower dualism between natives and non-natives in the larger urban centers and in central Canada.

Sammanfattning:   Min studies syfte är att synliggöra vad leken har för betydelse för barnens sociala utveckling. Den beskriver leken och dess betydelse för att barnen ska utvecklas genom den. Den lyfter även fram pedagogernas syn på leken och hur de hjälper till för att stötta barnen under tiden de är i fritidshemmet. Frågeställningarna som studien bygger på är vad leken innebär för eleverna och hur den påverkar elevernas sociala utveckling och hur pedagogerna som arbetar i verksamheten ser på leken samt hur de stöttar eleverna i deras utveckling. En strukturerad kvalitativ intervjumetod och en ostrukturerad observation ligger till grund för studien. Intervjuerna har jag gjort i tre grupper om fyra barn i varje grupp, detta gjorde jag tre gånger med olika barn. Jag intervjuade även fyra pedagoger som arbetar i verksamheten. Observationen genomförde jag endast på barnen, när de lekte och en av pedagogerna hade styrd lek som går ut på att barnen inte vet med vem de ska leka med eller vad de ska leka. Detta bestäms genom att pedagogerna drar lott för att se hur grupperna blir och vad/ var de ska leka. Social utveckling är ett centralt begrepp i min uppsats, genom leken utvecklas barns sociala utveckling. Och att det är färdigheten till att klara av att vara tillsammans med andra människor och att visa dem sympati och empati i olika situationer. Som vi vill bli behandlade ska vi också behandla människorna runt oss.

Regional development in Canada is uneven. However, it is less clear whether native development in Canada is similarly patterned as non-native development. As well, it is not evident whether variations exist in the differences between the level of development of native and non-native people in different regions of Canada.<p> Development is a multi-dimensional process involving economic and social change. The primary purpose of this thesis is to examine the use of the indicator approach to create a measure of development which encompasses both the economic and social dimensions of development. The secondary purposes of the thesis are: (1) to use the indicator approach to compute a measure of development to identify spatial variations in the level of development of native people in Canada in 1981, and (2) to use development indicators to examine the spatial variations in the concept of dualism as it applies to native and non-native residents of Canada.<p> The data source for this analysis is the 1981 Native Summary Tape, a special tape produced by Census Canada containing a multitude of socio-economic data for natives and non-natives at the national, provincial, census division and census subdivision level. The primary statistical technique used in the computation of the development measures is principal components analysis. The development measures are computed at the census division level and mapping aids in the identification of the spatial patterns.<p> The results from this analysis suggest that the indicator approach to measuring development presented in this thesis is a valuable tool in the identification of spatial variations in development. This is an important procedure for researchers who wish to examine development in its socio-economic totality. Native development and dualism between native and non-native Canadians do vary spatially. The general pattern is higher native development and lower dualism between natives and non-natives in the larger urban centers and in central Canada.