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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Strong Stability Preserving Hermite-Birkhoff Time Discretization Methods

Nguyen, Thu Huong January 2012 (has links)
The main goal of the thesis is to construct explicit, s-stage, strong-stability-preserving (SSP) Hermite–Birkhoff (HB) time discretization methods of order p with nonnegative coefficients for the integration of hyperbolic conservation laws. The Shu–Osher form and the canonical Shu–Osher form by means of the vector formulation for SSP Runge–Kutta (RK) methods are extended to SSP HB methods. The SSP coefficients of k-step, s-stage methods of order p, HB(k,s,p), as combinations of k-step methods of order (p − 3) with s-stage explicit RK methods of order 4, and k-step methods of order (p-4) with s-stage explicit RK methods of order 5, respectively, for s = 4, 5,..., 10 and p = 4, 5,..., 12, are constructed and compared with other methods. The good efficiency gains of the new, optimal, SSP HB methods over other SSP methods, such as Huang’s hybrid methods and RK methods, are numerically shown by means of their effective SSP coefficients and largest effective CFL numbers. The formulae of these new, optimal methods are presented in their Shu–Osher form.
62

Queima do canavial: aspectos sobre a biomassa vegetal, fertilidade do solo e emissão de CO2 para atmosfera / Burning of the sugarcane crop: biomass aspects, soil, fertility and CO2 emission in atmosphere

Sasso, Carlos Guilherme 20 September 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS GUILHERME_DISSERTACAO_TEXTO.pdf: 280186 bytes, checksum: d4cf929cf3647cdde2332128553f159b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-20 / The objective of the work was to evaluate the changes that occur in the ground, the plant and the atmosphere immediately after the practical one of the burning of the canavial. For in such a way, it compared the effect of the burning of the sugarcane plantation in the ground and the proper sugar cane, thus, samples of these items in two situations had been collected show before (treatments) and after burning. The standardized areas had been referencing as pulley and had been repeated five times, for each pulley five samples had been carried through. All the data had been submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA, p<0,05) and to the test of comparison of Scott-Knott averages (p<0,05) and for the analysis multivaried for main components (PCA). In the multivaried analysis it had a clear division it enters the data of the daily pay and after-burns. The data show that before the burning only the variable leaves they had presented variations in the standardized pulley and that subsequent to burns these differences for leaves had disappeared. With regard to comparison of the one before and of after-it burns, the variable, Leaves, Hands, Stalk, Total and % Leaves had presented statistical differences. The variable % ponter and corrected Brix had not presented differences when comparative before and subsequent to it burns. The result of I calculate it of the amount of CO2 emitted for the burning of leaves was of 3,89 Mg ha-1 and had the burning of the hands 0,92 Mg ha-1 of CO2 they had been more launched by hectares, totalizing therefore 4.81 Mg ha-1 of CO2. In the data of Mo, Mn, Cu e B they had presented statistical text differences when compared before and after-it burns. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças que ocorrem no solo, na planta e na atmosfera imediatamente após a prática da queima do canavial. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de solo e da planta em duas situações (tratamentos) pré e pós-queima. As áreas foram padronizadas e referenciadas como talhões, cinco foram os talhões usados para cada tratamento (repetições). Para cada talhão foram realizadas cinco amostras. Estimou-se a emissão de CO2 utilizando as reduções de folhas, ponteiros e colmos proporcionadas pela queima, nos tratamentos. Todos os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA, p<0,05) com o teste de comparação de médias Scott-Knott (p<0,05) e estudados por análise multivariada por componentes principais (PCA). Com relação à comparação da pré e da pós-queima, as variáveis de biomassa (folhas, ponteiros, colmos) apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Entretanto, as variáveis % de MS do ponteiro (%ponteiro) e brix corrigido não apresentaram diferenças quando comparadas a pré e a pós-queima. O resultado do cálculo da quantidade de CO2 emitida pela queima das folhas foi de 3,89 Mg ha-1 (toneladas por hectare) e devido à queima dos ponteiros mais 0,92 Mg ha-1 de CO2 foram lançadas na atmosfera, totalizando 4,81 Mg ha-1 de CO2 totais. Os dados referentes ao Mn, Cu e B apresentaram diferenças estatísticas de teores quando comparados antes e após a queima. Na análise multivariada houve uma divisão clara entre os dados da pré e pós-queima, influenciados pela biomassa vegetal. O trabalho concluiu que a queima da cana promove redução de folhas, ponteiros e colmos em 92,48%, 33,52% e 30,70% respectivamente. No solo ocorreu redução de manganês em 21,04%, de cobre em 19,32% e de boro em 30,56%. Na atmosfera ocorre emissão de 4,8 Mg ha-1 de CO2, provenientes da queima de 10,41 Mg de biomassa vegetal.
63

Queima do canavial: aspectos sobre a biomassa vegetal, fertilidade do solo e emissão de CO2 para atmosfera / Burning of the sugarcane crop: biomass aspects, soil, fertility and CO2 emission in atmosphere

Sasso, Carlos Guilherme 20 September 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS GUILHERME_DISSERTACAO_TEXTO.pdf: 280186 bytes, checksum: d4cf929cf3647cdde2332128553f159b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-20 / The objective of the work was to evaluate the changes that occur in the ground, the plant and the atmosphere immediately after the practical one of the burning of the canavial. For in such a way, it compared the effect of the burning of the sugarcane plantation in the ground and the proper sugar cane, thus, samples of these items in two situations had been collected show before (treatments) and after burning. The standardized areas had been referencing as pulley and had been repeated five times, for each pulley five samples had been carried through. All the data had been submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA, p<0,05) and to the test of comparison of Scott-Knott averages (p<0,05) and for the analysis multivaried for main components (PCA). In the multivaried analysis it had a clear division it enters the data of the daily pay and after-burns. The data show that before the burning only the variable leaves they had presented variations in the standardized pulley and that subsequent to burns these differences for leaves had disappeared. With regard to comparison of the one before and of after-it burns, the variable, Leaves, Hands, Stalk, Total and % Leaves had presented statistical differences. The variable % ponter and corrected Brix had not presented differences when comparative before and subsequent to it burns. The result of I calculate it of the amount of CO2 emitted for the burning of leaves was of 3,89 Mg ha-1 and had the burning of the hands 0,92 Mg ha-1 of CO2 they had been more launched by hectares, totalizing therefore 4.81 Mg ha-1 of CO2. In the data of Mo, Mn, Cu e B they had presented statistical text differences when compared before and after-it burns. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as mudanças que ocorrem no solo, na planta e na atmosfera imediatamente após a prática da queima do canavial. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de solo e da planta em duas situações (tratamentos) pré e pós-queima. As áreas foram padronizadas e referenciadas como talhões, cinco foram os talhões usados para cada tratamento (repetições). Para cada talhão foram realizadas cinco amostras. Estimou-se a emissão de CO2 utilizando as reduções de folhas, ponteiros e colmos proporcionadas pela queima, nos tratamentos. Todos os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA, p<0,05) com o teste de comparação de médias Scott-Knott (p<0,05) e estudados por análise multivariada por componentes principais (PCA). Com relação à comparação da pré e da pós-queima, as variáveis de biomassa (folhas, ponteiros, colmos) apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Entretanto, as variáveis % de MS do ponteiro (%ponteiro) e brix corrigido não apresentaram diferenças quando comparadas a pré e a pós-queima. O resultado do cálculo da quantidade de CO2 emitida pela queima das folhas foi de 3,89 Mg ha-1 (toneladas por hectare) e devido à queima dos ponteiros mais 0,92 Mg ha-1 de CO2 foram lançadas na atmosfera, totalizando 4,81 Mg ha-1 de CO2 totais. Os dados referentes ao Mn, Cu e B apresentaram diferenças estatísticas de teores quando comparados antes e após a queima. Na análise multivariada houve uma divisão clara entre os dados da pré e pós-queima, influenciados pela biomassa vegetal. O trabalho concluiu que a queima da cana promove redução de folhas, ponteiros e colmos em 92,48%, 33,52% e 30,70% respectivamente. No solo ocorreu redução de manganês em 21,04%, de cobre em 19,32% e de boro em 30,56%. Na atmosfera ocorre emissão de 4,8 Mg ha-1 de CO2, provenientes da queima de 10,41 Mg de biomassa vegetal.
64

Automating Engineering Interoperability : Uniting Geometrical Design and Systems Simulation

During, Fredrik January 2023 (has links)
Modeling of complex mechanical systems faces challenges throughout the systems lifecycle. From keeping track of evolving system requirements during development to design configuration and version control for legacy models. Methodologies such as Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) emphasize the utilization of information already embedded in models to aid in the propagation of information between disciplines and stakeholders. By automating the creation of digital artifacts and standardizing their formatting, robust connections between specialized engineering tools can be generated and full adoption of MBSE is possible. One such connection that must be established for MBSE adoption is between tools for geometrical design, such as CATIA V5, and tools for system simulation. The Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) and System Structure and Parameterization (SSP) standards have been shown to provide a viable standardized format for coupling geometrical Computer Aided Design (CAD) models with system simulation models. However, the application of such standards coupled with geometrical design is still in its infancy and more research is needed to prove its usability and establish functional methodologies in an industry setting. The goal of the thesis was to further develop the application of the SSP standard on a geometrical CAD model of a Coolant Distribution System (CDS), and through automation estimate deterministic simulation parameters. The work was carried out at Saab Aeronautics in Linköping, Sweden. By utilizing the industry as laboratory method, the industry-grade geometrical CAD models were used to converge the research and the industry needs to make the resulting proposed methodology applicable in an industry setting. The work showed that with the help of automated frameworks, deterministic simulation data can be retrieved from new and legacy geometrical CAD models of CDS whilst complying with version control protocols. The implemented automation frameworks were able to estimate pressure loss coefficients for the different parts included in the CDS such as pipes, hoses, and couplings. Additionally, other needed simulation data such as lengths, insulation coverage, and inlet coordinates for the simulation components was also extracted from the geometrical model. By utilizing the presented method of isolated mapping, parts in the geometrical CAD model could be mapped to the correct simulation component whilst offering substantial flexibility and minimal editing of the models. Ultimately, the work showed that the tools needed for using automation for interoperability between geometrical design and system simulation does already exist. With automation frameworks and necessary knowledge integrated into the geometrical models, the field of geometrical design is shown to be ready for MBSE adoption.
65

Short Dark Triad : En begreppsvalidering av svensk översättning med femfaktormodellens IPIP-120 och Swedish universities Scales of Personality / Validation of the Swedish translation of the Short Dark Triad with the Five factor model IPIP-120 and Swedish universities' Scales of Personality

Eklund, Jimmie, Hultman, Niclas January 2015 (has links)
Dark triad är en kombination av mörka personlighetsdrag som består av subklinisk psykopati, subklinisk narcissism och machiavellism (Paulhus &amp; Williams, 2002). Jones och Paulhus (2013), utvecklade Short Dark Triad (SD3), ett test som mäter dark triads personlighetsdrag. Den föreliggande studiens syfte var att validera en svensk version av SD3. Respondenterna svarade på nio enkäter som ingick i ett forskningsprojekt varav tre användes till denna studie. Respondenterna (N = 103) var mellan 19 och 64 år, och alla var aktiva i arbetslivet. Konvergent validering gjordes genom korrelationsanalyser som kontrollerade sambanden mellan de delar, i beprövade instrument, som mäter personlighetsdrag relaterade till begreppen subklinisk psykopati, subklinisk narcissism och machiavellism. Sambandsanalyserna gjordes mellan SD3 och IPIP-120 som mäter femfaktormodellens dimensioner, samt Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) som grundar sig på biologiska markörer för olika psykiatriska tillstånd. Resultaten gick i huvudsak i linje med tidigare forskning (Furnham, Richards, Rangel, &amp; Jones, 2014) med avseende på sambanden mellan femfaktormodellens dimensioner och SD3. En gemensam kärna i de tre personlighetsdragen i dark triad var ovänlighet, och ett viktigt resultat var de signifikanta negativa sambanden med femfaktordimensionen vänlighet. Den Svenska versionen av SD3 anses validerad. / Dark triad is a group of three dark personality scales consisting of subclinical psychopathy, subclinical narcissism and Machiavellianism (Paulhus &amp; Williams. 2002). The Short Dark Triad (SD3), is the measuring tool and was developed by Jones and Paulhus (2013). The purpose of this thesis was to validate a Swedish translation of the SD3. This was done within an existing research project and included 103 respondents, aged 19-64 years, all being employed. They were assigned to respond to nine different surveys, three of them measuring psychopathy, narcissism and Machiavellianism-related scales. Convergent validation was done by correlation analysis with IPIP-120, measuring the personality of five factor model and Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP), measuring personality traits based on biological markers, and how well they measure the SD3. Our results generally confirm earlier research on studies between five factor models personality scales and SD3 (Furnham, Richards, Rangel, &amp; Jones, 2014). One result of particular importance was the negative correlation with the Agreeableness Scale since it is a core for the dark triad personalities. Furthermore, our results followed the expected patterns in the correlations between dark triad personalities and the five factor model. The result of our thesis concludes that the Swedish translation of thPSKe SD3 test is to be considered valid.
66

Caracterização de promotores de expressão especifica de cana-de-açucar (Saccharum ssp.) em sistema modelo Micro-Tom (Solanum lycopersicum L) / Characterization of promoters specific expression of sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) In model systems Micro-Tom (Solanum lycopersicum L)

Ferrari, Ilse Fernanda 31 October 2012 (has links)
O emprego de novas tecnologias, como a transgenia, associadas ao melhoramento convencional de cana-de-açúcar apresenta grande potencial no combate a pragas e desenvolvimento de novas variedades. Entretanto, a falta de especificidade na expressão temporal e/ou local dos genes introduzidos tem se mostrado um fator limitante para o sucesso de produtos derivados da transgenia. Os promotores das metalotioneínas, por exemplo, podem representar uma alternativa ao uso de promotores constitutivos, particularmente, aqueles de metalotioneínas do tipo 1 (MT1) por apresentarem níveis elevados de expressão, em diferentes tecidos/órgãos e serem responsivos a estresses bióticos e abióticos. O uso de promotores sintéticos, contendo apenas elementos-cis, como GCG-like, W boxes e JERE, tem sido relevante por induzirem a expressão gênica local em resposta ao ataque de agentes bióticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a caracterização funcional de promotores de genes de metalotioneínas de cana-de-açúcar e o uso de elementos regulatórios sintéticos e, em paralelo, avaliou-se o uso de promotores sintéticos no controle da expressão gênica em cana-de-açúcar. Após as análises de expressão transiente, verificou-se que o promotor SoMT1b apresentou atividade GUS e GFP em epitélios de cebola e os promotores sintéticos, 4X Wbox, 4X GCC-like, 4X JERE e 4xW 4xS-box, e o promotor SoMT1b foram capazes de dirigir a expressão do gene repórter uidA (GUS) em calos embriogênicos de cana-de-açúcar. Em análise de expressão estável, o promotor SoMT1b foi capaz de dirigir a expressão do gene GUS para os frutos e sementes de tomate \'Micro-Tom\', mas não foi responsivo a estresse por herbivoria, cádmio e cobre. Também foi realizada a transformação de plantas de cana-de-açúcar, as quais ainda estão sendo analisadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a funcionalidade do promotor SoMT1b / New technologies, like genetic transformation, associated with conventional breeding of sugarcane have a large potential in developing new varieties tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress. However, the lack of specificity in the spatial and/or temporal expression of the introduced genes has been a limited factor for the success of products derived from transgeny. Metallothionein promoters, for instance, can represent an alternative to the use of constitutive promoters, particularly those from metallothionein type 1 (MT1) because they present high expression levels in different tissues / organs and are responsive to biotic and abiotic stress. Another alternative is the use of synthetic promoters which contain only cis elements, as GCG-like, W-box and JERE, which induces local gene expression in response to pathogen attack. In this work, we aimed to make the functional characterization of sugarcane metallothionein promoters and synthetic regulatory elements, in parallel, we evaluated the use of synthetic promoters in the control of gene expression in sugarcane. After transient expression analyzis, it was found that SoMT1b promoter was able to control the expression of the reporter genes to GUS and GFP in onion epithelium and GUS in sugarcane embryogenic calli. Additionally, synthetic promoters 4X Wbox, 4X GCC-like, 4X JERE and 4xW 4xS-box were able to direct the expression of the gene uidA (GUS) in embryogenic calli of sugarcane. In stable transformation analysis, SoMT1b promoter was capable of directing uidA expression in fruits and seeds of tomato cv. \'Micro-Tom\', but it was not responsive to herbivory, cadmium and copper stress. It was also carried out the transformation of sugarcane plants with the construction containing the SoMT1b promoter, but these are still being analyzed. The results demonstrate the functionality of the SoMT1b promoter in sugarcane and tomato
67

Metabolismo de poliaminas durante a embriogênese somática de cana-de-açúcar. / Polyamines metabolism during somatic embryogenesis in sugarcane.

Macedo, Amanda Ferreira 12 May 2010 (has links)
O estudo do metabolismo de poliaminas (PAS), envolvendo parâmetros fisiológicos, bioquímicos e moleculares, pode gerar uma melhor compreensão do processo de maturação, e criar estratégias importantes para a otimização da embriogênese somática (ES) em cana-de-açúcar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a relação entre os conteúdos endógenos de PAs, associados à determinação da competência embriogenética e a maturação progressiva de embriões somáticos em cana-de-açúcar. Calos embriogênicos (E) e não-embriogênicos (NE) da variedade SP-803280, foram submetidos a diferentes tratamentos, utilizando agentes de maturação adicionados ao meio MS. Observou-se que as culturas NE não foram capazes de promover a diferenciação de embriões somáticos, devido principalmente, ao alto grau de oxidação das culturas. Os tratamentos suplementados com 0,75 e 1,5 g.L-1 de carvão ativado (CA), foram os que apresentaram as maiores freqüências de formação de embriões somáticos. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi possível associar a ES em calos de cana-de-açúcar ao aumento do conteúdo endógeno de Spd (Espermidina) e Spm (Espermina), principalmente Spd, acompanhado por uma redução nos níveis de Put (Putrescina). / Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a highly potential supplier of the material involved in the regeneration and genetic transformation of transgenic plants. The aim was to study correlations between endogenous PA contents, associated to defining embryogenetic competence and the progressive maturation of somatic embryos. Embryogenic (E) and non-embryogenic (NE) calli from the SP-803280 variety, were submitted to different maturation treatments. It was found that the NE cultures submitted to the two maturation experiments, were incapable of promoting somatic embryo differentiation, mainly due to browning. It was noted that in the first experiment, total PA endogenous content of the E callus was higher than in the NE, although, in the control, no significant differences between both callus types were encountered. We can associate the progression of sugarcane somatic embryogenesis to an increase in endogenous content of Spd e Spm, mainly Spd, accompanied for a reduction in Put levels. Thus, it was shown that somatic embryo maturation in sugarcane can be related with PA biosynthesis, thereby indicating the importance of their metabolism in the competence of sugarcane embryogenic cultures.
68

Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos ssp. ochraceus, Handroanthus serralifolius (Vahl) S. Grose, Tabehuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith ssp. insignis e Tabehuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith - Bignoniaceae. Caracterização morfológica de fruto, semente, desenvolvimento pós- seminal e plântula, como subsidio a taxonomia

ROSA, Roberta Helena Lavareda January 2008 (has links)
Seedlings of tropical forest species show an extraordinary morphological diversity. Tabebuia and Handrohantiis, belong the Bignoniaceae, are classify in Tecomeae tribe. This study aimed to verify the morphological differences between these two genera from the analysis of fruits, seeds and seedlings of Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos ssp. ochraceus, Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S. Grose, Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith ssp. insignis e Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith to subsidize taxonomic decisions inherent in these taxa, and indicate relevant characteristics to recognize these species in the field when, still in the seedling stage, during the evaluations of natural regeneration, allowing the practical application in ecological studies, in the management and flora conservation. Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos ssp. ochraceus presented persistent cup fruit, many trichomes surface, velvety looks, seeds with dark brown line, going from the base to the center, cotyledons creams, reticulated nervation and valve prefoliation eophyll; while Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S. Grose don't presented without persistent cup fruit, glabrous surface, almost black dividing line seeds, from the base to the apex, green cotyledons, craspedodromous nervation and conduplicate prefoliation eophyll. Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith ssp. insignis presented fruit with the outer surfaces of the pericarp with trichomes, dehiscence with not twisted valves, ovate seeds with hilum, creams cotyledons, seedlings with petioles of eophylls with trichomes; while Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith presented fruit with the outer surfaces of the pericarp glabrous, dehiscence with twisting revolut valve, seeds with hilum in "v" form and browns cotyledons, seedlings petioles of eophylls glabrous. This study has differentiated Handroanthus of Tabebuia through some morphological characters, but there is need to study other species to confirm whether the characters described in this study are still in genera described. / As plântulas de espécies florestais tropicais demonstram uma extraordinária diversidade morfológica. Os gêneros Tabebuia e Handroanthus, pertencentes à Bignoniaceae, estão classificados na tribo Tecomeae. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar as diferenças morfológicas existentes entre esses dois gêneros a partir da análise dos frutos, sementes e plântulas de Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos ssp. ochraceus, Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S. Grose, Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith ssp. insignis e Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith a fim de subsidiar decisões taxonômicas inerentes a esses táxons, além de indicar características relevantes para reconhecer estas espécies no campo quando, ainda em estágio de plântula, durante as avaliações de regeneração natural, permitindo a aplicação prática em estudos ecológicos, no manejo e conservação da flora. Handroanthus ochraceus (Cham.) Mattos ssp. ochraceus apresentou fruto com cálice persistente, superfície com muitos tricomas, com aparência aveludada, sementes com linha divisória castanho escura, indo da base ao centro, cotilédones cremes, eofilos com nervação reticulada e prefolheação valvar; enquanto que Handroanthus serratifolius (Vahl) S. Grose apresentou fruto sem cálice persistente, superfície glabra, sementes com linha divisória quase negra, indo da base ao ápice, cotilédones verdes, eofilos com nervação craspedódroma e prefolheação conduplicada. Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith ssp. insignis apresentou fruto com superfície externa do pericarpo com tricomas, deiscência com valvas não torcidas, sementes com hilo oval, cotilédones cremes, plântulas com pecíolos dos eofilos com tricomas; enquanto que Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith apresentou fruto com superfície externa do pericarpo glabra, deiscência com torção revoluta das valvas, sementes com hilo em forma de "v" , cotilédones castanhos, plântulas com pecíolos dos eofilos glabros. Este estudo possibilitou diferenciar Handroanthus de Tabebuia através de alguns caracteres morfológicos, porém, há a necessidade de se estudar outras espécies a fim de confirmar se os caracteres descritos neste trabalho se mantêm nos gêneros descritos.
69

Caracterização de promotores de expressão especifica de cana-de-açucar (Saccharum ssp.) em sistema modelo Micro-Tom (Solanum lycopersicum L) / Characterization of promoters specific expression of sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) In model systems Micro-Tom (Solanum lycopersicum L)

Ilse Fernanda Ferrari 31 October 2012 (has links)
O emprego de novas tecnologias, como a transgenia, associadas ao melhoramento convencional de cana-de-açúcar apresenta grande potencial no combate a pragas e desenvolvimento de novas variedades. Entretanto, a falta de especificidade na expressão temporal e/ou local dos genes introduzidos tem se mostrado um fator limitante para o sucesso de produtos derivados da transgenia. Os promotores das metalotioneínas, por exemplo, podem representar uma alternativa ao uso de promotores constitutivos, particularmente, aqueles de metalotioneínas do tipo 1 (MT1) por apresentarem níveis elevados de expressão, em diferentes tecidos/órgãos e serem responsivos a estresses bióticos e abióticos. O uso de promotores sintéticos, contendo apenas elementos-cis, como GCG-like, W boxes e JERE, tem sido relevante por induzirem a expressão gênica local em resposta ao ataque de agentes bióticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a caracterização funcional de promotores de genes de metalotioneínas de cana-de-açúcar e o uso de elementos regulatórios sintéticos e, em paralelo, avaliou-se o uso de promotores sintéticos no controle da expressão gênica em cana-de-açúcar. Após as análises de expressão transiente, verificou-se que o promotor SoMT1b apresentou atividade GUS e GFP em epitélios de cebola e os promotores sintéticos, 4X Wbox, 4X GCC-like, 4X JERE e 4xW 4xS-box, e o promotor SoMT1b foram capazes de dirigir a expressão do gene repórter uidA (GUS) em calos embriogênicos de cana-de-açúcar. Em análise de expressão estável, o promotor SoMT1b foi capaz de dirigir a expressão do gene GUS para os frutos e sementes de tomate \'Micro-Tom\', mas não foi responsivo a estresse por herbivoria, cádmio e cobre. Também foi realizada a transformação de plantas de cana-de-açúcar, as quais ainda estão sendo analisadas. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a funcionalidade do promotor SoMT1b / New technologies, like genetic transformation, associated with conventional breeding of sugarcane have a large potential in developing new varieties tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress. However, the lack of specificity in the spatial and/or temporal expression of the introduced genes has been a limited factor for the success of products derived from transgeny. Metallothionein promoters, for instance, can represent an alternative to the use of constitutive promoters, particularly those from metallothionein type 1 (MT1) because they present high expression levels in different tissues / organs and are responsive to biotic and abiotic stress. Another alternative is the use of synthetic promoters which contain only cis elements, as GCG-like, W-box and JERE, which induces local gene expression in response to pathogen attack. In this work, we aimed to make the functional characterization of sugarcane metallothionein promoters and synthetic regulatory elements, in parallel, we evaluated the use of synthetic promoters in the control of gene expression in sugarcane. After transient expression analyzis, it was found that SoMT1b promoter was able to control the expression of the reporter genes to GUS and GFP in onion epithelium and GUS in sugarcane embryogenic calli. Additionally, synthetic promoters 4X Wbox, 4X GCC-like, 4X JERE and 4xW 4xS-box were able to direct the expression of the gene uidA (GUS) in embryogenic calli of sugarcane. In stable transformation analysis, SoMT1b promoter was capable of directing uidA expression in fruits and seeds of tomato cv. \'Micro-Tom\', but it was not responsive to herbivory, cadmium and copper stress. It was also carried out the transformation of sugarcane plants with the construction containing the SoMT1b promoter, but these are still being analyzed. The results demonstrate the functionality of the SoMT1b promoter in sugarcane and tomato
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STAPHYLOCOCCUS XYLOSUS E LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS SSP LACTIS NATIVOS UTILIZADOS NA ELABORAÇÃO DE SALAME TIPO ITALIANO / NATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS XYLOSUS AND LACTOCOCCUS LACTIS SSP LACTIS USED IN THE ELABORATION FERMENTED ITALIAN SAUSAGE

Cirolini, Andréia 25 February 2008 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this study was to produce and to test the performance of native starters cultures in the elaboration of fermented Italian sausage in relation to the security and quality of the sausages. In the first experiment strains of Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from colonial sausages, were characterized and after identified for the Kit Api Staph (Biomérieux). In the second experiment, the microorganism Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis was fermented in pork plasma culture medium and evaluated its efficiency in relation to MRS broth, through microbiological analyses and optic density (OD). In the third experiment the isolated and multiplied cultures were added in dry fermented sausages, elaborating four treatments: T1 - addition of commercial starters (Staphylococcus xylosus and Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis); T2 - mixture of isolated Staphylococcus xylosus more commercial Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis ; T3 - mixture of isolated Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis more commercial Staphylococcus xylosus and T4 - Staphylococcus xylosus and Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis both isolated, evaluating its influence on the microbiological, physico-chemical and sensorial characteristics. About 13.3% of the colonies isolated of sausages were identified as Staphylococcus xylosus. The maximum growth of Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis, in pork plasma culture medium was 8.58 Log UFC.mL-1 in 27 hours, and the OD 0.88. In the MRS broth the growth reached the maximum peak (8.70 Log UFC.mL-1) in 6 hours, presenting OD of 0.81. All the elaborated sausages presented a significant decreased of pH and a reduction in the water activity, ensuring a microbiological security to the products. In relation the lipid oxidation, the treatment that contained isolated strains of Staphylococcus xylosus presented significantly lower values than the other treatments. The sausages elaborated with both strains isolated presented better sensorial results than the sausages elaborated with commercial starters cultures. Therefore, this study indicated that would be promising to extend the availability of microorganisms for industrial use from the selection of native cultures, that the pork plasma culture medium becomes an alternative for the multiplication of lactic acid bacteria, because it presented a similar fermentation performance to the commercial culture medium and that the addition of natives starters cultures can be used in the elaboration of fermented Italian sausages, providing safety products and with differentiated flavor. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo produzir e testar o desempenho de culturas starters nativas na fabricação de salame tipo Italiano quanto à segurança e qualidade dos salames. No primeiro experimento, cepas de Staphylococcus xylosus foram isoladas de salames coloniais, caracterizadas e após identificadas pelo Kit Api Staph (Biomérieux). No segundo experimento, o microrganismo Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis foi fermentado em meio de cultura de plasma suíno e avaliado sua eficiência em relação ao caldo MRS, através de análises microbiológicas e densidade óptica (DO). No terceiro experimento, as culturas isoladas e multiplicadas foram adicionadas em salame, elaborando-se quatro tratamentos: T1 - adição de starters comerciais (Staphylococcus xylosus e Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis); T2 - mistura de Staphylococcus xylosus isolado mais Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis comercial; T3 - mistura de Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis isolado mais Staphylococcus xylosus comercial e T4 - Staphylococcus xylosus e Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis ambos isolados, avaliando sua influência nas características microbiológicas, físico-químicas e sensoriais. Foram identificadas 13,3% das colônias isoladas de salames coloniais como Staphylococcus xylosus. O crescimento máximo de Lactococcus lactis ssp lactis, em meio de cultura de plasma suíno, foi de 8,58 Log UFC.mL-1 no tempo de 27 horas e DO de 0,88. Em caldo MRS, o crescimento atingiu pico máximo (8,70 Log UFC.mL-1) em 6 horas, apresentando uma DO de 0,81. Todos os salames elaborados apresentaram uma queda de pH significativa e também uma redução na atividade de água, garantindo uma segurança microbiológica aos produtos. Em relação a oxidação lipídica, os tratamentos que continham cepas de Staphylococcus xylosus isolados apresentaram valores significativamente menores que os outros tratamentos. Os salames elaborados com as duas cepas isoladas (T4) apresentaram melhores resultados sensoriais quando comparados com salames elaborados com culturas starters comerciais. Portanto, este estudo indicou que seria promissor ampliar a disponibilidade de linhagens para uso industrial proveniente da seleção de culturas nativas, que o meio de cultura de plasma suíno torna-se uma alternativa para a multiplicação de bactérias ácido lácticas, pois apresentou um desempenho semelhante à fermentação do meio de cultura comercial e que a adição de culturas starters nativas pode ser utilizada na elaboração de salames, proporcionando produtos seguros e com flavor diferenciado.

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