Enterprise Architectures (EA) are used to describe an enterprise’s structure in a standardized way. An Enterprise Architecture also provides decision-support when choosing a direction or making changes at different levels of an enterprise, such as the business architecture or technology architecture level. This can involve decisions such as: What kind of enterprise should this be, what kind of technologies should be used for new system developments etcetera. Therefore, using the Unified Modelling Language (UML) or Systems Modelling Language (SysML) together with standardized guidelines that help you decide what to do before, during, and after modelling could be important for producing correct and useful system models, which later on will be used to develop actual systems. At the moment, standardized guidelines of this kind do not really exist. However, there are a lot of information about why you should use UML or SysML, what kinds of UML or SysML diagrams that exist, or what notations to follow when creating a specific UML or SysML diagram. In this thesis, the objective has been to research about the usefulness and creation of standardized guidelines for UML or SysML modelling in an Enterprise Architecture (i.e. mainly intended for the automotive industry domain). For this reason, the two research questions: “how can you create useful standardized guidelines for UML or SysML modelling?” and “what do useful standardized guidelines for UML or SysML modelling look like?” were chosen. A case study was performed on a real-life project at the company Volvo Construction Equipment, which resulted in the two research questions being answered. Firstly, a three-step method (i.e. create guidelines – test guidelines – improve guidelines) was proven to create useful standardized guidelines. Secondly, useful standardized guidelines were created from this three-step method. Hopefully, these created standardized guidelines can be used by the targeted companies right away to make their modelling work more efficient, or serve as a foundation when creating their own standardized guidelines later on.

Thèse de doctorat : Automatique, Traitement du Signal, Génie Informatique : Nancy 1 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2009--Kassel.

Zugl.: Darmstadt, Techn. Univ., 2008 u.d.T.: Alt, O.: Modell-basierter Systemtest von Car-Multimedia-Systemen mit SysML

Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Paredis, Chris; Committee Member: McGinnis, Leon; Committee Member: Schaefer, Dirk

Submitted by Nayara Passos (nayara.passos@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-11T19:46:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE Ermeson Carneiro De Andrade.pdf: 4074311 bytes, checksum: 6b5b5cf26bd00821abaad692e167ee43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-11T19:46:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) TESE Ermeson Carneiro De Andrade.pdf: 4074311 bytes, checksum: 6b5b5cf26bd00821abaad692e167ee43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Os softwares possuem defeitos. Os computadores falham. Os v´ırus se propagam. Os pr´edios pegam fogo. As pessoas cometem erros. Os desastres acontecem. Embora gostar ´ıamos que tais eventos nunca acontecessem, ´e prudente prover mecanismos que tratem as interrup¸c˜oes dos servi¸cos, pois o custo do downtime pode ser extremamente elevado. Dessa forma, as empresas tˆem investido cada vez mais em mecanismos de tratamento de interrup¸c˜oes, visto que as interrup¸c˜oes, sejam elas brandas ou severas, podem acontecer em qualquer lugar, a qualquer momento, com pouco ou nenhum aviso. Os sistemas distribu´ıdos (ex.: computa¸c˜ao em nuvem) tˆem sido largamente usados nos ´ultimos anos como um meio de recupera¸c˜ao de interrup¸c˜oes de modo que o sistema (infraestrutura e dados) ´e distribu´ıdo sobre um conjunto de servidores dispersos geograficamente e na ocorrˆencia de interrup¸c˜oes, outros servidores assumir˜ao a operacionalidade do sistema. A forma mais amplamente usada para modelar sistemas complexos (ex.: sistemas distribu´ıdos) ´e atrav´es das linguagens semiformais, tais como SysML (System Modelling Language) ou UML (Unified Modeling Language), devido principalmente `a sua nota¸c˜ao amig´avel e intuitiva. Os modelos semiformais gerados por essas linguagens, por si s´os n˜ao fornecem suporte para avalia¸c˜ao de dependabilidade/desempenho das especifica¸c˜oes dos sistemas. Dessa forma, faz-se necess´ario o mapeamento desses modelos semiformais para modelos anal´ıticos, pois modelos anal´ıticos s˜ao apoiados por fundamentos matem´aticos s´olidos, que suportam sua semˆantica precisa, estimulam a avalia¸c˜ao de desempenho/ dependabilidade e fornecem suporte para verifica¸c˜oes das propriedades qualitativas e an´alises. Os modelos anal´ıticos, no entanto, n˜ao s˜ao intuitivos e requerem um consider´avel esfor¸co por parte dos projetistas para entenderem a nota¸c˜ao usada. Portanto, ´e sensato adotar o uso colaborativo dos modelos semiformais e anal´ıticos. Este trabalho prop˜oe um framework baseado em m´etricas, modelos e ferramentas que auxilia os projetistas, os quais n˜ao possuem (ou possuem pouca) expertise em modelagem estoc´astica, a modelar e estudar os mecanismos de tratamento de interrup¸c˜oes e as infraestruturas dos sistemas distribu´ıdos, a partir de especifica¸c˜oes de alto n´ıvel, descritas atrav´es da SysML e MARTE. Para alcan¸car esse objetivo, prop˜oe-se o mapeamento dos diagramas anotados da SysML em modelos DSPN (Rede de Petri Determin´ıstica e Estoc´astica). Essa abordagem resulta num modelo cujas propriedades s˜ao garantidas e provˆe um conjunto de indicadores de dependabilidade dos mecanismos e do sistema. Ademais, a fim de mostrar a corretude e aplicabilidade do framework proposto, estudos de casos s˜ao apresentados.

Managing and maintaining a system requires knowledge of its structure, along with the relations and interactions between its components. Systems Model- ing Language, SysML, is a language used to describe systems and enables the practice of Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Having a model of a system is one key to understand the system and useful for future management and maintenance. Apart from being an advanced language, the tools that support SysML are often both advanced and expensive. This work was commissioned to create a different tool, a tool that is free, web-based, and interactive. The tool not only allows the user to look at the system but also explore the system’s design and the interesting parts of its internal structure. The tool uses a textual input to generate interactive diagrams with the possibility to filter out redundant information. Since it is available in a web browser, one can share their textual input instead of sharing pictures of diagrams. The textual input makes it possible to share a system structure in a new way, as well as to make the system model easier to maintain.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

This thesis work is performed in collaboration with Syntell AB and a client company interested in assistance with charging infrastructure dimensioning. The aim of this thesis is to develop an executable, generalizable model that can aid decision making regarding charging infrastructure. Furthermore, this is done within a Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) context, which enables representation of the system as a model.  As the data and model concerning the client company is classified, it is not presented in this report. Instead, to further enhance the aim of developing a generalizable model, a test case is produced for this project work. This case consists of passenger electric vehicles and chargers in a metropolitan setting, where data is gathered from public sources.  The results show that the model is executable and flexible to fit any type of electric vehicle and different specifications of chargers. Using an MBSE approach enables the project owner to customize the model development for the specific use case. Additionally, defining a system in focus establishes what the system uptime is, enabling calculations of availability. The results for this specific use case are interpreted to show how the model can be used to aid the dimensioning of charging infrastructure using the model output. To further verify the model representation of the system, the model can be run in live-mode, where vehicles and chargers can be added while the model is running to instantly examine the system dynamics.  Concluding, the method for utilizing the model to evaluate systems availability is described. The model output, as well as the thorough description of the model, can be used to increase the knowledge within MBSE for executable modeling. / Detta projekt utförs i samarbete med Syntell AB och en tredje part som är intresserad av att förbättra sitt beslutsunderlag gällande dimensionering av laddinfrastruktur. Målet med arbetet är att utveckla en exekverbar och generaliserbar modell som kan användas för att underlätta dimensionering av laddinfrastruktur. Vidare så genomförs arbetet inom ramen för MBSE, vilket möjliggör en representation av systemet med hjälp av en modell. Eftersom kunddatan är konfidentiell appliceras modellen på ett fabricerat användningsfall som underlag för denna rapport. Detta baserar sig på elektriska personbilar i stadsmiljö, där data hämtas från publika källor. Att modellen används på två olika användningsfall stärker argumenten kring generaliserbarhet. Resultatet som presenteras är främst i syfte att demonstrera tolkning av resultat samt att grundligt förklara modellen. Resultaten visar att modellen är exekverbar och flexibel för att kunna anpassas utifrån godtyckligt elektriskt fordon och olika specifikationer för laddstationer. Genom att definiera ett system i fokus kan systemets drifttid utgöra grund för att kunna beräkna tillgänglighet. Resultaten tolkas i det specifika användningsfallet för att illustrera hur modellen kan användas för att underlätta en beslutsprocess gällande dimensionering av laddinfrastruktur. För att ytterligare verifiera modellens representation av verkligheten används ett interaktivt live-mode, där fordon och laddare kan läggas till under körning för att direkt undersöka systemdynamiken. Detta är ett viktigt verktyg vid kommunikation med intressenter för att stärka förtroendet för simuleringsresultat.  Sammanfattningsvis beskrivs metoden för att använda modellen till att undersöka systemtillgänglighet. Modellens utdata, tillsammans med beskrivningen av modellen, kan användas för att utöka kunskapen inom MBSE för exekverbar modellering.

L’intégration des systèmes mécatroniques est la source première de leur complexité de conception. Trois principaux types d’intégration sont en cause : l’intégration multi-domaine qui vise à intégrer en synergie la mécanique, l’électronique, l’informatique et l’automatique ; l’intégration multi-niveau prenant en compte les interfaces entre les différents niveaux d’abstraction du système et l’intégration physique dont l’objectif est d’agencer un maximum de composants dans un volume de plus en plus limité. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un moyen d’évaluer cette intégration dans la conception des systèmes mécatroniques, le plus tôt possible dans le cycle de conception. En effet, la phase de préconception génère de nombreuses architectures qui vont être échangées, analysées, discutées et modifiées, avant d’être évaluées en vue de sélectionner les plus pertinentes au regard du cahier des charges à respecter. Dès lors, les concepteurs ont besoin de moyens et d’outils performants pour comparer les différentes architectures candidates, justifier et tracer leurs choix de conception et ainsi réduire la durée de la phase de décisions. S’appuyant sur les modèles générés par le processus d’ingénierie système basée sur les modèles (MBSE), les métriques que nous avons développées visent à évaluer et comparer quantitativement le degré d’intégration des architectures mécatroniques pour faciliter le choix du concept à retenir. Les objectifs adressés par ces métriques sont l’intégration multi-niveau, multi-domaine et physique, ainsi que le degré d’innovation et la mise-en-œuvre d’un projet de conception des systèmes mécatroniques. Ces métriques ont été implémentées en SysML et expérimentées dans un logiciel de CAO (CATIA) pour le choix d’architectures de deux systèmes mécatroniques, à savoir : le moteur-roue et le moteur hybride. Finalement, une méthode de génération de métriques personnalisées a été établie pour répondre au besoin industriel de prendre en compte les spécificités relatives à la culture, l’organisation, la stratégie de chaque entreprise et à l’expérience de leurs concepteurs. / The integration of mechatronic systems is the main source of their design complexity. Three key types of integration are at stake: multi-domain integration which is intended to synergistically integrate mechanics, electronics, information technology and automation; multi-level integration taking into account the interfaces between the different system abstraction levels, and finally physical integration that aims at embedding a large number of components in an increasingly limited volume. The purpose of our approach is to propose a means of assessing this integration degree in mechatronic systems design, as early as possible in the design cycle. The predesign phase indeed generates numerous architectures that will be shared, analyzed, debated and revised before being assessed in order to select the most relevant one according to the specifications to be met. Designers then require means and effective tools to compare alternative architectures, to justify and trace their design choices and thus facilitate decision-making trade-offs. Based on Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), the metrics we developed aim at evaluating and quantitatively comparing the integration degree of mechatronic architectures, in order to provide systems architects an efficient support to opt for the concept to be selected. The objectives addressed by these metrics are multi-level, multi-domain and physical integrations, as well as the innovation degree and finally the design project implementation of mechatronic systems. These metrics have been implemented in SysML and experimented with a CAD tool (CATIA) on different architectures of two mechatronic systems: a wheel hub motor and a hybrid powertrain. Finally, a method to generate customized metrics has been established to meet industrial needs, by taking into account specificities relating to the culture, organization, strategy of each company and their designers’ knowledge and feedbacks.