Yes / Patients have the potential to provide a rich source of information on both organisational aspects of safety and patient safety incidents. This project aims to develop two patient safety interventions to promote organisational learning about safety - a patient measure of organisational safety (PMOS), and a patient incident reporting tool (PIRT) - to help the NHS prevent patient safety incidents by learning more about when and why they occur. METHODS: To develop the PMOS 1) literature will be reviewed to identify similar measures and key contributory factors to error; 2) four patient focus groups will ascertain practicality and feasibility; 3) 25 patient interviews will elicit approximately 60 items across 10 domains; 4) 10 patient and clinician interviews will test acceptability and understanding. Qualitative data will be analysed using thematic content analysis.To develop the PIRT 1) individual and then combined patient and clinician focus groups will provide guidance for the development of three potential reporting tools; 2) nine wards across three hospital directorates will pilot each of the tools for three months. The best performing tool will be identified from the frequency, volume and quality of reports. The validity of both measures will be tested. 300 patients will be asked to complete the PMOS and PIRT during their stay in hospital. A sub-sample (N = 50) will complete the PMOS again one week later. Health professionals in participating wards will also be asked to complete the AHRQ safety culture questionnaire. Case notes for all patients will be reviewed. The psychometric properties of the PMOS will be assessed and a final valid and reliable version developed. Concurrent validity for the PIRT will be assessed by comparing reported incidents with those identified from case note review and the existing staff reporting scheme. In a subsequent study these tools will be used to provide information to wards/units about their priorities for patient safety. A patient panel will provide steering to the research. DISCUSSION: The PMOS and PIRT aim to provide a reliable means of eliciting patient views about patient safety. Both interventions are likely to have relevance and practical utility for all NHS hospital trusts.

The subject of this thesis is "Quality management, occupational safety, health and fire protection in construction company". Its task is to introduce the basic rules and requirements of quality management, occupational safety, health and fire protection in construction industry. The second part of the thesis deals with quality management, occupational safety, health and fire protection in construction companies, which are presented and analyzed in detail. These findings are then applied to create methodology of implementing the occupational safety, health and fire protection management system for construction companies.

Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2008 / Blood transfusions carry a number of risks, one of which is transmitting HIV/AIDS from an infected donor. Since HIV is sexually and parenterally transmitted, the initial HIV risk management of donated blood in the early 1980‟s consisted of screening by visual assessment and completion of a lifestyle questionnaire, followed by deferral of practicing homosexual and bisexual male donors and intravenous drug addicts. The visual assessment was replaced by tests for antibodies directed against HIV, from the middle 1980‟s. In the early 1990‟s HIV was increasingly found in the black population of South Africa, particularly among black women. By 1998 0.26% of the received donations returned a positive test for HIV-1. In 1999 the South African Blood Transfusion Service (SABTS) Blood Safety Policy was introduced, including a donation HIV-risk categorization model which used the donor ethnic group, gender and donation history as indicators of the risk of exposure to HIV. The unacceptable use of the donor ethnic group as an indicator was the motivation to seek a suitable alternative donation risk categorization model which excludes the donor‟s ethnic group. The use of a more acceptable model with a high level of accuracy in predicting the risk of exposure to HIV has the potential of contributing to the reduced risk of HIV transmission through blood transfusion in South Africa. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of four alternative models based on the information obtained from donors. Donations from new and lapsed donors were categorized in the highest applicable risk category in each model. The study was divided into two phases to achieve the aim. The first phase needed to determine suitable parameters for a model which uses the donor‟s age as an indicator. For this phase the ages of the regular donors returning an HIV-positive test result, were analysed. The second phase was to evaluate the effectiveness of the four suggested alternative blood donation risk categorization models against the model introduced by the SABTS in 1999. During this phase the donor demographic data and donation histories of donors who made donations at the Bloemfontein branch of the South African National Blood Service (SANBS) between October 2004 and September 2005, were analysed statistically. This phase honed in on two aspects to evaluate the effectiveness of the alternative models. Firstly the percentages of HIV-positive donations found in each risk category of each model, were determined as indicators of the residual risk of HIV-positive donations within the window period. Secondly the percentages of the collected blood donations allocated to each risk category within each model, were analysed to give an indication of the availability of “safe” blood associated with each of the models. The first phase of the study highlighted the difference in the age-group prevalence between male and female regular donors who returned an HIVpositive test result. Potentially suitable parameters for an Age-based Model were formulated by comparing this data with the ages of the donors who donated in Bloemfontein during the twelve months covered by this study. The second phase compared a Donation Interval Model, a Combination Model (using donation interval, gender and ethnic group as indicators), the SANBS 2005 Model (using age and gender as indicators) and an Agebased Model (using age and gender as indicators) with the SABTS 1999 Model (using gender and ethnic group as indicators). This study has shown that each of the models analysed has its advantages and disadvantages. The SANBS 2005 Model proved the best model without an ethnic indicator, for SANBS. Several recommendations regarding further investigation emanating from the results of this study were made.

This research assessed the criminological significance of motor vehicle crash data within the criminal justice context. The study was conducted at the southern region Accident Bureau of the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Police Department (EMPD). The objectives of this research are to: a. Explore and describe the extent and criminological impact of road traffic crashes on a macro level. b. Explore and describe the impact of road traffic crashes on a micro level. c. Explain the criminological significance of road traffic crash data in relation to effective road safety management. d. Evaluate and describe the attendance and recording procedure of road crashes. e. Evaluate and describe the supervisor’s responsibility in relation to the quality of crash data recorded. f. Evaluate and describe the effectiveness of crash statistics accessed by management and/or officials. g. Evaluate and explain the current prosecution procedure as part of the CJS. h. Evaluate existing policy about the crash-recording process applicable to operational law enforcement practitioners of the EMPD. i. Explore and describe the current state of motor vehicle insurance and its necessity from a criminological perspective. The researcher followed a mixed-methods approach, collecting quantitative data from recorded Accident Report Forms and qualitative data from interviews with participants active in their fields of expertise. Road crashes are characterised by injury and damage; victims suffer trauma and economic consequences, and the society and the economy as a whole are affected. The research suggests that accurate road crash data form a crucial component in the investigation, prosecution and development of road safety strategies in the quest towards improved road safety efforts. It also indicates that existing crash data are of such a sub-standard that traffic professionals will not be able to develop effective and efficient road safety strategies in pursuit of road safety / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Criminology)

國內企業在行銷活動上時常展現積極的作為，因為行銷活動往往和利潤有關，在生產面上較少系統化推動安全管理，始終想得多、做得少，對於建立安全管理機制亦無法如推動行銷活動般積極；反觀有的企業卻能夠兼顧安全與營業利潤，持續成長壯大；推究原因，影響因素有很多，但重點關鍵在於是否充分認識安全文化，並掌握推動安全管理文化的進程及方法。 企業文化是企業成功的關鍵因素(Key Success Factor) ，但是非常抽象、含糊，難以定義。而建立企業文化相較於擬定營運計畫或行銷計畫更加困難，因為營業利潤具有量化數字而企業文化較難量化，因此常被企業經營者忽略；企業文化始終無法有效建立。 綜合以上，有鑑於國內企業對建立安全文化的方法較為陌生，但是對於行銷方法卻運用嫻熟，本研究運用企業管理者所熟知的行銷策略架構，以內部行銷的角度歸納企業在不同的安全文化階段可執行的實務方法，協助管理者有效地與員工進行價值交換，塑造企業安全管理文化。 本研究擬以邱志聖教授著作之策略行銷分析 (2006) 一書中所探討的內隱交易成本作為組織內部行銷策略之基礎，配合 Ahmed & Rafiq 二位學者所著內部行銷 (2002) 一書為輔，結合杜邦公司二百年來的安全管理實務作為個案分析，以了解、評估及探索在不同的安全文化階段下，企業可以採取哪些內部行銷方法促使員工改變觀念與行為，並驗證不同的安全文化階段所使用之內部行銷策略也將不同。 本研究結合專家訪談及問卷調查進行實證研究，研究發現如下：『利用內部行銷策略可以提升員工對於安全文化的認識，減少個人對不安全行為的僥倖心理，進而融入企業安全文化，展現安全行為。』

本研究主要探討我國企業對產品責任保險需求之原因，分別以四個構面來分析企業對產品責任保險的需求。包括企業經營動機、公司背景資料、產品安全風險管理與上市公司財務特性等四方面來探討企業的投保動機。本研究以我國上市公司為樣本，共計發放440份問卷，並以回收的90份問卷進行Logistic迴歸及複迴歸之實證分析。 研究結果發現，企業交易對象(買方)的要求、產品風險理財因素和產品市場行銷因素為影響上市公司投保產品責任保險之決定因素，呈顯著正向關係。另外，當上市公司過去曾發生過產品損害事件時，對產品責任保險之需求愈高；而且當公司的產品銷售本國地區、美加地區或同時銷售國內外地區時，對產品責任保險需求愈高。至於產品安全風險管理與產品責任保險需求之間的關係，實證結果顯示二者為互補關係，此與Ehrilich and Becker(1972)的理論假設一致。除此之外，本研究發現當公司規模愈大、產品銷售量愈大、負債對業主權益比率愈高以及公司無長期負債時，其對於產品責任保險的需求愈高。此外，當上市公司的財務危機成本愈高以及所面臨的損失頻率與幅度愈大時，其對於產品責任保險需求愈高。 / This paper investigates the corporate demand for product liability insurance in Taiwan. The motivations to purchase product liability insurance can be categorized into four groups, business operation incentive, features of the firm, product safety management, and financial management. The decision of insurance is analyzed based on the logistic model and multivariate regression models with a sample of 90 publicly traded companies in Taiwan. The empirical results of this study indicate that customers’ requests, product risk financing, and product marketing are the determinants for companies to buy product liability insurance. Further, the companies with previous experience of product liability losses have higher product liability insurance demand. Those companies selling their products to North America and Taiwan will purchase more product liability insurance. Moreover, the empirical evidences suggest significantly positive correlation between product safety management and product liability insurance demand, which is consistent with Ehrilich and Becker (1972) that market insurance and self-protection are complements. The results also show that the firm will purchase more product liability insurance when it has larger firm size, greater product sales, higher debt to equity ratio, and no long term debt.

Para a qualificação do processo de implantação do protocolo de quedas de uma instituição hospitalar, houve a necessidade de escutar a equipe de enfermagem em relação à como percebe o protocolo, suas qualidades, dificuldades e desafios. Estudo qualitativo descritivo desenvolvido num hospital público federal de Porto Alegre/RS, com o objetivo de descrever a opinião da equipe de enfermagem sobre o uso do protocolo de prevenção de quedas. A coleta das informações ocorreu em junho de 2015, por meio de questionário aberto, através de pergunta descritiva, tendo um total de 26 participantes. As informações foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo, resultando nas categorias temáticas “A importância do protocolo”, “A melhor maneira de prevenir quedas”, “Pontos a serem melhorados no protocolo” e “Pontos fortes do protocolo”, sendo a categoria temática “Pontos a serem melhorados no protocolo” a mais evidenciada, tendo sido abordada por todos os participantes do estudo. Os profissionais trouxeram que percebem o protocolo como importante, mas que precisa ser adaptado ao contexto institucional e ao contexto dos diferentes setores, expandindo a responsabilidade da realização do mesmo para além da equipe de enfermagem. Os resultados possibilitam inferir que para ampliar a qualidade da assistência através da cultura de segurança do paciente e da otimização da prevenção de quedas nos ambientes hospitalares, torna-se importante a participação dos profissionais na implantação dos protocolos. / To qualify the process of implementation of accidental falls protocol from an institutional hospital, there was the necessity to listen to the nursing staff, concerning how they perceive the protocol, its qualities, difficulties and challenges. This is a qualitative and descriptive study, which was developed at a public hospital in Porto Alegre/RS. It aimed to describe the nursing team’s opinion about using the protocol falls prevention. Data collection was carried out in June 2015 through opened questionnaire and descriptive questions, from which 26 persons participated. Data was submitted to content analysis, from which resulted thematic categories: “The protocol importance”, “The best way to prevent accidental falls”, “Protocol: things to be improved” and “Protocol: real strength”, being the thematic category “Protocol: things to be improved” the most evidenced, which was also approached by all participants. Professional brought up that they notice the protocol as important, but it has to be adapted to the institutional context and to the different sectors’ context either, expanding the responsibility to beyond the nursing staff. The results enabled to infer that the participation of professionals to implementing the protocols is important, in order to extend the quality of assistance through the culture of patient’s safety and optimization of fall prevention in hospitals. / Para la cualificación del proceso de implantación del protocolo de caídas de un hospital, hubo la necesidad de escuchar el equipo de enfermería en relación a como se lo percibe el protocolo, sus calidades, dificultades y desafíos. Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, desarrollado en un hospital público federal de Porto Alegre/RS. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la opinión del equipo de enfermería sobre el uso del protocolo de prevención de caídas. La recolecta de datos fue llevado a cabo en junio de 2015, por medio de cuestionario abierto, a través de pregunta descriptiva, teniendo un total de 26 participantes. Las informaciones fueron sometidas al análisis de contenido, resultando en las categorías temáticas “La importancia del protocolo”, “La mejor manera de prevenir caídas”, “Puntos a serien mejorados en el protocolo” y “Puntos fuertes del protocolo”, siendo la categoría temática “Puntos a serien mejorados en el protocolo” la más evidenciada, teniendo sido abordada por todos los participantes de estudio. Los profesionales trajeran que perciben el protocolo como importante, más que precisa ser adaptado al contexto institucional y al contexto de los distintos sectores, expandiendo la responsabilidad de la realización del mismo para además del equipo de enfermería. Los resultados posibilitan inferir que para ampliar la calidad de la asistencia a través de la cultura de seguridad del paciente y de la optimización de la prevención de caídas en los hospitales, se torna importante la participación de los profesionales en la implementación de los protocolos.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-04T17:56:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Samuel Cristiano de Souza.pdf: 1534676 bytes, checksum: 97cb01173f913f6beea644f027e747c9 (MD5) / Rejected by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br), reason: Verificar na ficha catalográfica: Souza, Samuel Cristiano. (NOME ESTÁ FALTANDO O "DE") Análise da percepção comportamental das equipes de manutenção de integridade estrutural como ferramenta para evitar acidente de trabalho: um estudo de caso (NA OUTRAS PARTES DO TRABALHO ESTÁ: "...EVITAR ACIDENTE NO TRABALHO..." /Samuel Cristiano Souza. – 2016 (FALTA O LOCAL - NITERÓI, RJ) Atenciosamente, Catarina Ribeiro Bibliotecária BEE - Ramal 5992/5993/5994 on 2017-07-10T13:21:02Z (GMT) / Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-26T19:55:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Samuel Cristiano de Souza.pdf: 1532982 bytes, checksum: eaf0696cc812b23b0091bc14898880e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-28T14:52:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Samuel Cristiano de Souza.pdf: 1532982 bytes, checksum: eaf0696cc812b23b0091bc14898880e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T14:52:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Samuel Cristiano de Souza.pdf: 1532982 bytes, checksum: eaf0696cc812b23b0091bc14898880e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Um dos grandes desafios dos tempos modernos consiste em gerar estruturas organizacionais que contribuam para a satisfação, crescimento e desenvolvimento humano enquanto também contribuem para a lucratividade e produtividade de uma organização. Como forma de se manterem competitiva no mercado, as empresas estão se conscientizando naturalmente da necessidade em alcançar e realizar desempenho satisfatório em relação à segurança e à saúde de seus empregados. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção comportamental das equipes de manutenção de integridade estrutural como ferramenta para evitar acidente no trabalho. A Gestão da Manutenção está engajada numa nova evolução, mesmo uma revolução com novas perspectivas e questões no âmbito das empresas, assim como novos desafios a serem enfrentados por cada um de seus responsáveis. Para tal foi realizada uma análise das mudanças de comportamento das equipes e fatores prioritários que motivaram os empregados a focarem nas atividades de modo a evitar acidentes no trabalho, assim a cada dia o acidente está voltado ao erro humano. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada em uma revisão bibliográfica e na pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa desencadeou em um estudo de caso em uma Indústria do Setor de Mineração, localizada na região Sudeste, Minas Gerais. Foi baseada na coleta de dados, através da aplicação de um questionário estruturado, como principal ferramenta. Os resultados apresentam a percepção das equipes referente ao principio da evolução comportamental em segurança no trabalho. Como conclusão verificou-se que a redução de acidentes no trabalho esta voltada a um processo de mudança de comportamento, onde é possível afirmar que a principal mudança foi a adoção do cuidado genuíno, “cuidar de você, cuidar do outro e deixar que cuidem de você”. / One of the great challenges of modern times is to generate organizational structures that contribute to satisfaction, growth and human development while also contributing to the profitability and productivity of an organization. In order to remain competitive in the market, companies are naturally aware of the need to achieve and deliver satisfactory performance in relation to safety and health of its employees. This study aims to analyze the behavioral perception of structural integrity maintenance teams as a tool to prevent accidents at work. The Maintenance Management is engaged in a new development, even a revolution with new perspectives and issues in the companies, as well as new challenges to be faced by each of its officers. For such an analysis was performed of the behavior change of teams and priority factors that motivate employees to focus on activities to avoid accidents at work, and every day the accident is geared to human error. The methodology used was based on a literature review and field research. The research triggered in a case study in an Industry Mining, located in the Southeast, Minas Gerais. It was based on the collection of data through the application of a structured questionnaire as the main tool. The results show the perception of the teams regarding the principle of behavioral evolution in safety. In conclusion it was found that the reduction of accidents at work is geared to a behavior change process, where it can be said that the main change was the adoption of genuine care, "take care of you, take care of each other and leave to take care of you".

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-08-24T19:01:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Samuel Cristiano de Souza.pdf: 1532982 bytes, checksum: eaf0696cc812b23b0091bc14898880e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-04T16:52:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Samuel Cristiano de Souza.pdf: 1532982 bytes, checksum: eaf0696cc812b23b0091bc14898880e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-04T16:52:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Samuel Cristiano de Souza.pdf: 1532982 bytes, checksum: eaf0696cc812b23b0091bc14898880e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Um dos grandes desafios dos tempos modernos consiste em gerar estruturas organizacionais que contribuam para a satisfação, crescimento e desenvolvimento humano enquanto também contribuem para a lucratividade e produtividade de uma organização. Como forma de se manterem competitiva no mercado, as empresas estão se conscientizando naturalmente da necessidade em alcançar e realizar desempenho satisfatório em relação à segurança e à saúde de seus empregados. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção comportamental das equipes de manutenção de integridade estrutural como ferramenta para evitar acidente no trabalho. A Gestão da Manutenção está engajada numa nova evolução, mesmo uma revolução com novas perspectivas e questões no âmbito das empresas, assim como novos desafios a serem enfrentados por cada um de seus responsáveis. Para tal foi realizada uma análise das mudanças de comportamento das equipes e fatores prioritários que motivaram os empregados a focarem nas atividades de modo a evitar acidentes no trabalho, assim a cada dia o acidente está voltado ao erro humano. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada em uma revisão bibliográfica e na pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa desencadeou em um estudo de caso em uma Indústria do Setor de Mineração, localizada na região Sudeste, Minas Gerais. Foi baseada na coleta de dados, através da aplicação de um questionário estruturado, como principal ferramenta. Os resultados apresentam a percepção das equipes referente ao principio da evolução comportamental em segurança no trabalho. Como conclusão verificou-se que a redução de acidentes no trabalho esta voltada a um processo de mudança de comportamento, onde é possível afirmar que a principal mudança foi a adoção do cuidado genuíno, “cuidar de você, cuidar do outro e deixar que cuidem de você”. / One of the great challenges of modern times is to generate organizational structures that contribute to satisfaction, growth and human development while also contributing to the profitability and productivity of an organization. In order to remain competitive in the market, companies are naturally aware of the need to achieve and deliver satisfactory performance in relation to safety and health of its employees. This study aims to analyze the behavioral perception of structural integrity maintenance teams as a tool to prevent accidents at work. The Maintenance Management is engaged in a new development, even a revolution with new perspectives and issues in the companies, as well as new challenges to be faced by each of its officers. For such an analysis was performed of the behavior change of teams and priority factors that motivate employees to focus on activities to avoid accidents at work, and every day the accident is geared to human error. The methodology used was based on a literature review and field research. The research triggered in a case study in an Industry Mining, located in the Southeast, Minas Gerais. It was based on the collection of data through the application of a structured questionnaire as the main tool. The results show the perception of the teams regarding the principle of behavioral evolution in safety. In conclusion it was found that the reduction of accidents at work is geared to a behavior change process, where it can be said that the main change was the adoption of genuine care, "take care of you, take care of each other and leave to take care of you".

<p>У оквиру истраживања ове докторске дисертације креиран је нови<br />оригинални метод за идентификацију опасних места на путевима<br />заснован на континуалној анализи варијансе (АНОВЕ). Метод, на основу<br />статистичких показатеља даје одређене карактеристике<br />(сигнификантности) односно разлике или сличности између<br />посматраних група. Под појмом &bdquo;група&ldquo; подразумевају се краће путне<br />деонице пута стандардне дужине (суб-деонице) на којима се у<br />одређеном временском периоду десио одређени број саобраћајних<br />незгода. Међусобним поређењем тих група (суб-деоница), као и<br />поређењем тих група (суб-деоница) са целим скупом (целом<br />посматраном путном деоницом коју чине све суб-деонице), добијају се<br />одређене статистичке вредности сигнификантности односно значајности<br />разлике или сличности међу њима. Ти показатељи дају одговарајуће<br />оцене посматраних суб-деоница у погледу безбедности односно не<br />безбедности тих суб-деоница.</p> / <p>U okviru istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije kreiran je novi<br />originalni metod za identifikaciju opasnih mesta na putevima<br />zasnovan na kontinualnoj analizi varijanse (ANOVE). Metod, na osnovu<br />statističkih pokazatelja daje određene karakteristike<br />(signifikantnosti) odnosno razlike ili sličnosti između<br />posmatranih grupa. Pod pojmom &bdquo;grupa&ldquo; podrazumevaju se kraće putne<br />deonice puta standardne dužine (sub-deonice) na kojima se u<br />određenom vremenskom periodu desio određeni broj saobraćajnih<br />nezgoda. Međusobnim poređenjem tih grupa (sub-deonica), kao i<br />poređenjem tih grupa (sub-deonica) sa celim skupom (celom<br />posmatranom putnom deonicom koju čine sve sub-deonice), dobijaju se<br />određene statističke vrednosti signifikantnosti odnosno značajnosti<br />razlike ili sličnosti među njima. Ti pokazatelji daju odgovarajuće<br />ocene posmatranih sub-deonica u pogledu bezbednosti odnosno ne<br />bezbednosti tih sub-deonica.</p> / <p>In the framework of the research of this doctoral dissertation, a new original<br />method for the identification of dangerous locations on roads based on<br />continual analysis of variance (ANOVE) was created. The method, based on<br />statistical indicators, gives certain characteristics (significance), ie differences<br />or similarities between the observed groups. The term &quot;group&quot; means shorter<br />road sections of standard length (subsections) where a certain number of<br />traffic accidents occurred during a certain period of time. By comparing these<br />groups (subsections) with each other, as well as by comparing these groups<br />(subsections) with the whole set (the entire observed road section consisting<br />of all subsections), certain statistical values of significance or significance of<br />the difference or similarity between them are obtained. These indicators<br />provide appropriate assessments of the observed subsections in terms of the<br />safety or not the safety of these subsections.</p>