Revision of Thesis--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1979. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [189]-199) and index.

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-15T13:37:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Letícia Borges da Silva Heinen.pdf: 4369897 bytes, checksum: 2e00a8b07d093787dbdb2e23dd6ac34e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-09-19T12:59:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Letícia Borges da Silva Heinen.pdf: 4369897 bytes, checksum: 2e00a8b07d093787dbdb2e23dd6ac34e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-19T12:59:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Letícia Borges da Silva Heinen.pdf: 4369897 bytes, checksum: 2e00a8b07d093787dbdb2e23dd6ac34e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-28 / CNPq / O gênero Flavivirus, família Flaviviridae, alberga arbovírus como os vírus dengue (DENV) e da febre amarela, que possuem importância médica e são envolvidos em epidemias de doença febril em áreas urbanas e rurais em regiões tropicais e subtropicais. No Brasil, atualmente, o DENV e o vírus da encefalite de Saint Louis (SLEV) são os dois flavivírus circulantes em áreas urbanas mais frequentes. Desde a introdução e emergência dos diferentes sorotipos de DENV a partir da década de 1980, extensas epidemias de febre do dengue vêm sendo reladas por todo o país. O SLEV, anteriormente reconhecido apenas em ciclos enzoóticos e com pouca relevância médica no Brasil, tem sido implicado em casos de doença febril durante epidemia de dengue no sudeste do país. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a circulação de flavivírus em pacientes com doença febril aguda com suspeita de dengue em Mato Grosso (MT) em 2011 e 2012. Material e Métodos: 604 amostras de soro obtidas entre outubro de 2011 e julho de 2012 de pacientes com doença febril aguda suspeita de dengue com até cinco dias do início dos sintomas em MT foram submetidas à multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR para a pesquisa de flavivírus, como os quatro sorotipos de DENV, SLEV, vírus da febre amarela, do Oeste do Nilo, Rocio, Bussuquara, Iguape e Ilhéus. Amostras positivas foram testadas em pelo menos duas reações independentes de single-nested RT-PCR e submetidas a sequenciamento nucleotídico de região do gene da glicoproteína de envelope para análise filogenética. Resultados: Dentre os 604 pacientes, 315 (52,2 %) foram positivos para DENV-4, 24 (4,0 %) para DENV-1, 3 (0,5 %) para SLEV, 1 (0,2 %) para DENV-2 e 1 (0,2 %) para DENV-3. Todas as amostras eram de pacientes oriundos de áreas urbanas de 17 municípios de MT. Entre as amostras positivas, 9 eram co-infecções entre DENV-1/DENV-4, 1 entre DENV-2/DENV-4, 2 por SLEV/DENV-4 e 1 entre SLEV/DENV-1/DENV-4. Os demais flavivírus pesquisados não foram detectados. Amostras negativas para flavivírus totalizaram 273/604 (45,20 %). Discussão: A ocorrência das arboviroses na população geralmente é subestimada, devido a fatores como quadro clínico inespecífico, infecções inaparentes e ausência de diagnóstico diferencial. O DENV-4 foi introduzido no MT em 2012, responsável pela maior casuística nas cidades da Baixada Cuiabana. Co-infecções são frequentes quando há circulação hiperendêmica dos quatro sorotipos do DENV, situação já relatada no Brasil em Manaus e Rio de Janeiro em 2011. O SLEV foi detectado em pacientes de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande. Infecções por SLEV são primariamente inaparentes ou brandas. Em MT, espécies de Culex e outros vetores deste virus são amplamente dispersas. Como humanos são hospedeiros finais e apresentam baixa viremia, sua ocorrência é provavelmente subestimada. Conclusão: DENV-1 e DENV-4 foram os flavivírus identificados com maior frequência. Os quatro sorotipos do DENV foram detectados em Cuiabá e infecções esporádicas pelo SLEV foram identificadas em pacientes co-infectados com o DENV-4 ou o DENV-4/DENV-1 em Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, indicando que outros arbovírus podem circular silenciosamente durante epidemia de dengue em áreas urbanas em MT. / The genus Flavivirus, Flaviviridae family, comprises arboviruses such as the medical important dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus, involved in febrile illness epidemics in urban and rural areas of tropical and subtropical regions. In Brazil, DENV and Saint Louis encephalitis (SLEV) virus are currently the two most important flaviviruses circulating in urban areas. Since the introduction and emergence of different DENV serotypes in the 1980´s, extensive dengue outbreaks have been reported throughout the country.SLEV, previously recognized only in enzootic cycles without medical relevance in Brazil, has been implicated to febrile illness etiology during dengue fever outbreaks in the Southeast region. The aim of this study was to investigate the circulation of flaviviruses in patients with acute febrile illness suspected of harboring dengue in Mato Grosso (MT) between 2011 and 2012. Material and Methods: 604 serum samples obtained between October 2011 and July 2012 from patients with acute febrile illness suspected of dengue lasting less than 5 days in MT were subjected to multiplex semi-nested RT-PCR for flaviviruses, including all four serotypes of DENV, SLEV Yellow Fever, West Nile, Rocio, Bussuquara, Iguape and Ilheus viruses. Positive samples were tested at least twice in independent single-nested RT-PCR reactions and subjected to nucleotide sequencing of the envelope glycoprotein (E) gene region for phylogenetic analysis. Results: Among 604 patients, 315 (52.2 %) were positive for DENV-4, 24 (4.0 %) for DENV-1, three (0.5 %) for SLEV, one (0.2 %) for DENV-2 and one (0.2 %) for DENV-3. All patients are residents in urban areas of 17 cities of MT. Among then, 9 were co-infections among DENV-1/DENV-4, 1 between DENV-2/DENV-4, two between SLEV/DENV-4 and one with SLEV/DENV-1/DENV-4. The other flaviviruses were not detected. Negative samples for flavivirus totaled 273/604 (45.20 %). Discussion: The occurrence of arboviruses in the population generally is underestimated, probably due to unapparent infection or unspecific clinical presentation, associated to the absence of differential diagnosis. The DENV-4 serotype was introduced in MT in 2012, responsible for the largest number of cases in Cuiabá and Varzea Grande. Co-infections are common when hiperendemic circulation of all four serotypes of DENV is observed. This situation has already been reported in Brazil in Manaus and Rio de Janeiro cities in 2011. Three patients were positive for SLEV in Cuiaba and Várzea Grande. SLEV infections are primarily mild or unapparent. In MT, species of Culex and other vectors are widely dispersed. As humans are final hosts and, therefore, present low titer viremia, the occurrence of SLEV in the population is probably underestimated. Conclusion: DENV-1 and DENV-4 were the most frequently flaviviruses identified. The four DENV serotypes were detected in Cuiaba and sporadic SLEV infections were identified in patients co-infected with DENV-4 or DENV-1/DENV-4 in Cuiaba and Várzea Grande, indicating that other arboviruses may circulate silently during dengue epidemics in urban areas of MT.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-20T17:14:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Otacília Pereira Serra.pdf: 1299760 bytes, checksum: adf22b742c77d45b935dd95c6e46cbda (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-04-27T17:52:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Otacília Pereira Serra.pdf: 1299760 bytes, checksum: adf22b742c77d45b935dd95c6e46cbda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T17:52:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Otacília Pereira Serra.pdf: 1299760 bytes, checksum: adf22b742c77d45b935dd95c6e46cbda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-20 / CAPES / FAPEMAT / Arbovírus são transmitidos por artrópodes hematófagos, representando um problema de saúde pública em áreas tropicais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a diversidade de espécies de culicídeos e sua frequência de infecção por Alphavirus e Flavivirus em Cuiabá, MT. Foram realizadas capturas com aspirador de Nasci e puçá entre janeiro e abril de 2013 em três locais de 200 setores censitários, definidos aleatoriamente. Os culicídeos foram identificados com chave dicotômica de Forattini, alocados em pools (1-20 mosquitos) segundo sexo, espécie, data, local de coleta e armazenados a -80˚C. Pools de fêmeas foram submetidos à extração de RNA e DNA total, à multiplex semi-nested-RT-PCR para cinco alphavírus e 11 flavivírus e Nested- PCR para identificação de Culex (Cx.) quinquefasciatus. Amostras positivas para SLEV, DENV-1, -4 e MAYV foram submetidas a single RT-PCR e sequenciamento nucleotídico. Pools positivos para o MAYV foram inoculados em células Vero e submetidos a RT-PCR para o gene de envelope E1 dos alphavirus. Pools positivos para flavivirus foram inoculados em células C6/36 (Flavivirus). Calculou-se a taxa de infecção mínima (MIR). Foram capturados 11.090 mosquitos, 4.556 fêmeas de 14 espécies, perfazendo 610 pools. Foram analisados 171 pools de Aedes (Ae.) aegypti; 1 Ae. albopictus; 1 Aedes sp.; 5 Cx. bidens/interfor; 1 Cx. spinosus; 403 Cx. quinquefasciatus; 1 Galindomyia sp; 6 Limatus sp; 2 Mansonia wilsoni; 5 Psorophora (Ps.) sp; 1 Ps. ciliata; 11 Ps. varipes/albigenu; 1 Sabethes chloropterus e 1 Uranotaenia sp. Encontrou-se 1/171 (MIR=0,92) pool de Ae. aegypti positivo para DENV-1; 1/403 (MIR= 0,2) Cx. quinquefasciatus para SLEV genótipo V-A, 12/403 (MIR=3,5) de Cx. quinquefasciatus, 4/171 (MIR=3,67) de Ae. aegypti para MAYV; destes, cinco pools apresentaram co-infecção com DENV-4. Um produto de 1,3 kb obtido com o protocolo para o gene de envelope de três pools positivos para o MAYV resultou em sequências nucleotidicas inespecíficas. O MAYV foi isolado de dois pools contendo duas fêmeas não ingurgitadas de Ae. aegypti (#958) e duas de Cx. quinquefasciatus (#489). Positividade para DENV-4 foi identificada em 58/171 (MIR=53,35) Ae. aegytpi, 105/403 (MIR=30,65) Cx. quinquefasciatus, 2/5 (MIR=400) Psorophora sp, 2/11 (MIR=142,85) Ps. varipes/albigenu, 1/1 (MIR= 1000) Sabethes chloropterus, 2/5 (MIR=285.7) Cx. bidens/interfor e 1/1 (MIR=1000) Aedes sp. O DENV-4 foi isolado de dois pools contendo três (#329) e 16 (#806) fêmeas de Cx. quinquefasciatus não ingurgitadas. O SLEV, MAYV e os sorotipos do DENV foram identificados em pacientes com suspeita de dengue na cidade de Cuiabá em estudos prévios do Laboratório de Virologia. Experimentalmente, Culex e Aedes spp. são vetores competentes do MAYV. A identificação do vírus em fêmeas não ingurgitadas sugere que estas espécies podem estar envolvidas no ciclo urbano do MAYV em Cuiabá. Dentre os sorotipos do DENV, somente o DENV-1 e o DENV-4 foram identificados em culicídeos. O DENV-4 tem produzido importantes epidemias em MT desde 2012. A positividade para DENV-4 em diferentes espécies de culicídeos pode ser decorrente de infecção natural ou da hematofagia em humanos, pois muitos destes pools apresentavam fêmeas ingurgitadas. Cuiabá possui ecossistema favorável para a ocorrência de arboviroses e proliferação de vetores. Estudos envolvendo vigilância entomológica e virológica são importantes para estimar a situação epidemiológica dos arbovírus no estado. / Arbovirus are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, posing a public health issue in tropical areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of culicidae and their frequency of infection by arboviruses from Alphavirus and Flavivirus genus in Cuiabá, MT. To achieve that, culicids were captured with Nasci aspirators and hand net between January and April 2013 in three locations of 200 censitary sectors randomly defined. The specimens were identified using the Forattini dichotomy key, allocated in pools (1-20 mosquitoes), according to sex, species, day and place of capture, and stored at -80˚C. Female pools were subjected to total RNA and DNA extraction and to multiplex semi-nested-RT-PCR for five alphaviruses and 11 flaviviruses and Nested-PCR for Culex (Cx.) quinquefasciatus identification. The pools positive for SLEV, DENV-1, -4 and MAYV were subjected to single RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. MAYVpositive pools were inoculated in Vero cells and subjected to RT-PCR for the E1 envelope gene of alphaviruses. Pools positive for flaviviruses were inoculated in C6/36 cells. The minimum infection rate (MIR) was calculated. 11,090 mosquitoes were captured, 4,556 females belonging to 14 species, comprising 610 pools, 171 pools of Aedes (Ae.) aegypti specimens; 1 Ae. albopictus; 1 Aedes sp.; 5 Cx. bidens/interfor; 1 Cx. spinosus; 403 Cx. quinquefasciatus; 1 Galindomyia sp.; 6 Limatus sp.; 2 Mansonia wilsoni; 5 Psorophora sp.; 1 Ps. ciliata; 11 Ps. varipes/albigenu; 1 Sabethes chloropterus e 1 Uranotaenia sp. Among them, 1/171 (MIR=0.92) Ae. aegypti pool was positive for DENV-1 and 1/403 (MIR=0.3) Cx. quinquefasciatus for SLEV genotype V-A. For MAYV, 12/403 (MIR=3.5) Cx. quinquefasciatus, 4/171 (MIR=3.67) Ae. aegypti were positive, five of them were also infected by DENV-4. A DNA product with 1.3 kb obtained from three pools positive for MAYV with the protocol for the envelope gene resulted in unspecific nucleotide sequences. MAYV was isolated from two pools, both containing two non-engorged females of Ae. aegypti (#958) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (#489). DENV-4 was detected in 58/171 (MIR=53.35) Ae. aegytpi, 105/403 (MIR=30,65) Cx. quinquefasciatus, 2/5 (MIR=400) Psorophora sp., 2/11 (MIR=142.85) Ps. varipes/albigenu, 1/1 (MIR= 1000) Sabethes chloropterus, 2/5 (MIR=285.7) Cx. bidens/interfor and 1/1 (MIR=1000) Aedes sp. DENV-4 was isolated from two pools containing three (#329) and 16 (#806) non-engorged females of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The SLEV, MAYV and the four DENV serotypes were identified in patients suspected of harboring dengue infection in Cuiabá in previous studies of the Virology Laboratory. Experimentally, Culex and Aedes spp. are competent vectors for MAYV. The identification of the virus in nonengorged females suggests these species may be involved in the urban cycle of MAYV in Cuiabá. Among the DENV serotypes, only DENV-1 and DENV-4 were identified in culicids captured in the city. DENV-4 has been responsible for major outbreaks in MT since 2012. The identification of DENV-4 in several mosquito species might be resultant either from natural infection or hematophagy in humans, since several of these pools presented engorged females. Cuiabá presents a favorable ecosystem for the occurrence of arboviruses and vector proliferation. Studies involving entomological and virological surveillance are important to estimate the epidemiological situation of arboviruses in the state.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao FINAL RICARDO.pdf: 485243 bytes, checksum: 1906f1911ad5edaec8d73c8546aaca3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-02 / The arboviruses are diseases that affect humans, horses and other animal species causing in the majority of cases an asymptomatic infection to neurological disorders. The Flaviviruses are important arbovirus found in Brazil. A descriptive study was conducted from serological surveys in 1775 horses for detection of anti-Flavivirus antibodies in the State of Paraná (Foz do Iguaçú, Maringá and Barracão), Santa Catarina (São Miguel do Oeste, Guaraciaba, Iraceminha, Dionisio Cerqueira, Guarujá do Sul and São José do Cedro) and Rio Grande do Sul (Uruguaiana, São Borja, Itaqui Alegrete and Porto Alegre) in the years of 2007 and 2008. By testing hemagglutination inhibition (HI) were detected HI antibodies of Saint Louis and Ilhéus and other Flaviviruses included in the tests, as well as cross-reactivity for Flaviviruses. By HI test, 14.3% (254/1775) of animals were positive for Flavivirus, monospecific reactions were observed in 42.9% (109/254) serum samples, being that 78.9% (86/109) for St. Louis, 17.4% (19/109) for Ilhéus and 3.7% (4 / 109) for Rocio and cross-reactions were detected in 57.1% (145/254). Among the positives, there was no difference between the sexes. The age group ≥ 10 years old was the most affected with 35.4% (73/206). The animals used for the practice of sport were positive in 34.3% (87/254). The state of Paraná showed 16.3% (107/657) of reacting animals, followed by Rio Grande do Sul with 15.1% (142/939) and Santa Catarina with 2.8% (5/179). This study brings new data regarding the immunity of horses against Flaviviruses in Brazil, and confirms the wide distribution of St. Louis and Ilhéus and the diversity of Flavivirus in the country, as well as the apparent absence of clinical disease in horses infected with the virus studied. / As arboviroses são enfermidades que acometem o homem, equinos e outras espécies animais causando na sua maioria das vezes infecções que vão desde assintomáticas até neurológicas. Os Flavivirus são importantes arbovírus encontrados no Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo a partir de inquéritos sorológicos em 1775 equinos para detecção de anticorpos anti-Flavivirus no Estado do Paraná (Foz do Iguaçu, Maringá e Barracão), Santa Catarina (São Miguel do Oeste, Guaraciaba, Iraceminha, Dionísio Cerqueira, Guarujá do Sul e São Jose do Cedro) e Rio Grande do Sul (Uruguaiana, São Borja, Itaqui, Alegrete e Porto Alegre) nos anos de 2007 e 2008. Por meio de testes de inibição da hemaglutinação (IH) foram detectados anticorpos IH de Saint Louis e Ilhéus e outros Flavivirus incluídos nos testes, assim como reações cruzadas para Flavivirus. Pelo teste de IH, 14,3% (254/1775) dos animais foram reagentes para Flavivirus, reações monoespecíficas foram observadas em 42,9% (109/254) amostras de soro, sendo que 78,9% (86/109) para Saint Louis, 17,4% (19/109) para Ilhéus e 3,7% (4/109) para Rocio e reações cruzadas foram detectadas em 57,1% (145/254). Dentre os animais reagentes, não foi observada diferença entre os sexos. A faixa etária ≥ 10 anos foi a mais acometida com 35,4% (73/206). Os animais utilizados para a prática do esporte foram reagentes em 34,3% (87/254). O Paraná apresentou 16,3% (107/657) dos animais reagentes, seguido do Rio Grande do Sul com 15,1% (142/939) e Santa Catarina com 2,8% (5/179). Este estudo traz novos dados a respeito da imunidade de equinos contra Flavivirus no Brasil, e confirma a ampla distribuição de Saint Louis e Ilhéus e a diversidade de Flavivirus no País, bem como a aparente ausência de doenças em equinos infectados pelos vírus estudados.

Ce travail qui propose une étude sur la représentation du Sarrasin dans Saint Louys ou la Sainte Couronne reconquise de Pierre Le Moyne, nous permet de constater que l’Orient véhicule tout un imaginaire qui attire et repousse à la fois. Ainsi ce travail comporte-t-il non seulement l’étude des Sarrasins eux-mêmes, mais aussi celle de la religion qui leur est attribuée, de leur organisation politique, de leurs armes et de leur manière de combattre. Une partie importante de cette étude consiste à découvrir si les Sarrasins de Pierre Le Moyne sont un portrait réaliste ou imaginaire des Arabes en Egypte et en Syrie, des Turcs, ou des Perses…etc.Ainsi, ce que Pierre Le Moyne dit des Sarrasins et de leur religion permet de nous faire une idée non seulement du contexte historique de l’époque, mais aussi de la conception sociale et culturelle de l’Orient. Cette représentation de l’ennemi sarrasin nous permet aussi de bien comprendre les intentions du poète qui voient fleurir différentes stratégies pour affronter le danger sarrasin. / This work which proposes a study on the representation of the Saracen in Saint Louys ou la Sainte Couronne reconquise of Pierre Le Moyne, allows us to observe that the Orient carries an imaginary that attracts and repulses at the same time. this work involves not only the study of the Saracens themselves, but also the characteristics of the religion which are attributed to them. But also their political organization, their arms, and their way to fight. An important part of this study is to discover that the Saracens of Pierre Le Moyne are a realistic or imaginary portrait of the Arabs in Egypt and Syria, Turks, or Persians ... etc.We can ask what Pierre Le Moyne says about the Saracens and their religion gives us an idea not only of the historical context of the time, but also of the social and cultural conception of the East. This representation of the Saracen enemy also allows us to understand the intentions of the poet who sees different strategies flowing to face the danger of Saracen.

Dans ce mémoire, nous avons voulu discerner le charisme et le prophétisme de Marie-Louise-Elisabeth, fondatrice de la congrégation des sœurs de la Charité de Saint-Louis. Pour ce faire, nous avons appliqué les concepts de charisme et de prophétisme aux principaux événements de la vie et aux écrits de cette servante de Dieu. Cette étude a été élaborée à la lumière de la théologie et de la sociologie. La conclusion de cette recherche nous autorise à affirmer que Marie- Louise-Elisabeth avait vraiment un charisme. De plus, sa vision prophétique s’est concrétisée et continue encore d’exercer son influence, dans plusieurs pays.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Within the state of Florida, there are three arboviruses of public health importance that can cause neuroinvasive disease in humans: West Nile Virus, Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus, and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) within the genus Culex are known and suspected vectors of these diseases. The vectors of these diseases can be present in urban wetland habitats that allow for exposure to residential communities. Vector ecology must be investigated in order to understand the dynamics of disease transmission. In Hillsborough County, Florida the spatial and temporal distribution of these vectors are not well established. An ecological study was conducted in the University of South Florida's Ecopreserve using trapping methodologies to sample the adult and gravid females as well as collect the egg population. Collections were made at three spatial points for the duration of July through December 2013 and compared to meteorological variables. Culex erraticus, a proposed bridge vector of Eastern Equine Encephalitis, was the most abundant adult species and gravid female captured. Culex nigripalpus, primary Floridian vector of Saint Louis Encephalitis and bridge vector of West Nile Virus, was the second most abundant adult species caught as well as the majority of eggs collected. Based on the results collected, the presence of Culex erraticus and Culex nigripalpus was confirmed. The majority of Culex erraticus adults were collected in September and October and Culex nigripalpus adults were the highest in July and August. The results of the gravid and egg collection generated crucial insight regarding methodology for studying vector ecology within this urban wetland habitat. However, modeling at spatial points based on meteorological variables yielded inconsistent results that illicit further investigation regarding these arboviral vectors of disease.

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