“The LGBTQIA+ community”, like all social groupings, is moulded by dialectical forces: inclusivity/exclusivity, belonging/non-belonging, sameness/difference. Literature on it is riddled with dichotomous conflicts over (dis)identification and (anti)relationality in theory, lived experiences, and political mobilisation. Dominant discourses tend to overlook intersectional complexities therein, focus on labels over interactions, and reiterate a framing of the LGBTQIA+ as inherently vulnerable. The gaps point to a need for a more open and reparative investigation that creates space for exploring and (re)negotiating the assumed coalition. This study investigated what diverse groups of queer-identified individuals experienced when sharing their lived accounts of “sameness and difference” with others. Twenty-one people each participated in one of four focus groups and in a follow-up interview were invited to reflect on their experience. Decolonial Intersectional Narrative Analysis (Boonzaier, 2019) and a Bakhtinian-dialogical analysis (Grossen & Salazar Orvig, 2011) were used to inspect the “what” and the “how” of the group dialogues, respectively. Participants recounted significant experiences of sameness and difference that both foregrounded and transcended their particular intersectional identities. Moments/relationships of being treated as more an object than a full subject, due to divergence from certain monoglossic gendered/sexed/sexual norms (both intra- and extra-communally), were conarrated as keys to ongoing queer abjection. Participants expressed that dialoguing in this particular setting was an experience of coming-out-of-isolation, intersubjective learning, and strengthening senses of self and community. Future research and activism are encouraged to invest in accessible open dialogue as a site itself for LGBTQIA+ community-building in South Africa and beyond.

Most deconstructive and Marxist cultural theories are at odds with one another because they are concerned with two very different subjects or entities: words and the world. In what follows I will try to show that these two potent theories are fundamentally at odds with each other because they reside on opposite sides of some formative binary oppositions, such as abstract/ concrete, ide81/material, sensible/intelligible, physical/spiritual, and signifier/signified. Of course each of these oppositions is a metaphor; as such the relationship between Marxism and deconstruction must therefore proceed from and always refer back to this metaphorical condition. It is in my political interest to incorporate within this figurative type of atavism the concepts of economy, exchange, labour, power, property, and ideology, the very concepts in which we find not the opposition between Marxism and deconstruction but their relative sameness. Since Jacques Derrida is often referred to as the foremost deconstructive theorist, and since so much of his work is concerned with the theory of language (and metaphor), I will attempt to deliver my co-articulation of Marxism and deconstruction to a political and (I hesitate only minimally to use the term) post-Marxist reading of his White Mythology: Metaphor in the Text of Philosophy. I am of the opinion that Derrida's works lend themselves superbly to politically motivated readings, and I also think that in undertaking such a reading I am opposing a dangerous mainstream approach to deconstruction, one which is virtually devoid of any political, cultural, or social interest or reference. My thesis is thus an attempt to read politically or economic:ally a theory of metaphor which is far more explicitly economic and political than academic consensus allows. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Le thème général de cette thèse est l’identité linguistique: la relation qui fait que différents éléments linguistiques comptent comme "un même élément" ou comme “identiques” même s'ils sont hétérogènes d'un point de vue interne ou présentent des propriétés de surface différentes. Je traite de six questions sur ce thème.Le chapitre 1 concerne les segments phonétiques. La phonétique traditionnelle modélise la parole continue comme une concaténation de segments discrets de durées temporelles non spécifiées. Cependant, au cours des dernières années, les idéalisations segmentales de la parole ont été remises en question par des approches éliminativistes à l’égard des segments phonétiques. Le chapitre tente de justifier la phonétique segmentale face aux arguments éliminativistes.Le chapitre 2 concerne les objets phonologiques. Les énoncés phonologiques quantifient sur les phonèmes, qui sont des entités controversées. Aucune ontologie standard n'accepte de les faire figurer parmi l’“ameublement du monde”. Par conséquent, se pose la question suivante: comment les énoncés de règles phonologiques parviennent-ils à recevoir les valeurs de vérité attendues ? Le chapitre propose d'aborder la question en appliquant le non-factualisme de Stephen Yablo aux objets phonologiques.Le chapitre 3 traite du problème type-token. Il existe plusieurs théories concurrentes de la relation spécifique désignée par le prédicat “est un token de”, tel qu’on l'emploie dans le domaine linguistique. La théorie dominante est que les tokens instancient les types, mais cette thèse fait face à plusieurs difficultés conceptuelles. S'appuyant sur des travaux antérieurs de Zoltan Szabó, le chapitre propose une nouvelle approche du problème type-token, basée sur l'idée que les sons et les inscriptions du langage représentent des formes phonologiques et orthographiques.Le chapitre 4 traite du comptage de mots. Selon certains, l'identité des mot-types dépend de leur similarité en matière d'attributs structurel-fonctionnels. Selon d'autres, l'identité des mot-types dépend de leur lignée historique-causale. Les deux cadres donnent lieu à des manière différentes de compter les mots. Lequel d'entre eux est métaphysiquement adéquat ? Le chapitre propose une théorie quiétiste du comptage de mots, en soutenant qu'il n'y a pas de réponse factuelle et non-théorique à la question de “combien de mot-types existent” dans un monde ou scénario linguistique.Le chapitre 5 porte sur un problème dans la théorie de l'anaphore. On pense habituellement que l'anaphore implique la coréférence. Ce principe général, cependant, semble être contredit par des phrases où un pronom non lié hors-citation dépend d'un antécédent dans une citation. Le chapitre soutient que les phrases présentant les caractéristiques décrites ci-dessus n'invalident pas le principe général, et articule une analyse des cas problématiques axée sur la notion de "saillance".Le chapitre 6 porte sur la coréférence de jure. La coréférence de jure est un type particulier de relation de coréférence qui a attiré beaucoup d'attention dans la littérature récente. Cependant, son autonomie par rapport à d'autres variétés de coréférence (notamment la coréférence accidentelle) et ses propriétés distinctives font l'objet de controverses. Le chapitre fournit une présentation systématique des motivations sous-jacentes à l'introduction de la notion de coréférence de jure et défend une approche conservatrice de sa relation avec la grammaire de la phrase: la distinction entre coréférence accidentelle et coréférence de jure est réelle mais invisible du point de vue de la structure linguistique. / The overarching theme of this dissertation is linguistic sameness: the feature by which different bits of language are able to count “as a unit” or as “the same” even if they are internally heterogeneous or exhibit different surface properties. I pursue six issues within this theme.Chapter 1 is about phonetic segments. Mainstream phonetics models continuous speech as a concatenation of discrete, letter-sized segments of unspecified temporal duration. In recent years, however, segment-based idealizations of speech have been called into question by eliminativist approaches to phonetic segments. The chapter attempts to vindicate segmental phonetics in face of the eliminativist arguments.Chapter 2 is about phonological objects. Phonological statements quantify over phonemes, which are controversial particulars. No standard ontology accepts them as part of the furniture of the world. Hence, the question arises of how phonological statements manage to exhibit their perceived distribution of truth values. The chapter proposes to address the issue by applying Stephen Yablo’s non-factualism to phonological objects.Chapter 3 is about the type-token problem. There are competing accounts of what specific relation is designated by the predicate “is a token of” as applied to the linguistic domain. The mainstream view is that tokens instantiate types, but this thesis presents several conceptual difficulties. Building on previous work by Zoltan Szabó, the chapter proposes a novel approach to the type-token problem, one based on the notion that speech sounds and inscriptions represent phonological and orthographic forms.Chapter 4 is about word counting. According to some, word type identity is established by similarity in structural-functional attributes. According to others, word type identity is established by sameness of causal-historical lineage. The two frameworks yield competing word counting policies. Which of them is metaphysically adequate? The chapter articulates a quietist take on word counting, one arguing that there is no non-theoretical fact of the matter about “how many word types exist” in any given language-infused world or scenario.Chapter 5 is about a puzzle in the theory of anaphora. Anaphoric dependency is commonly thought to entail coreference. This mainstream principle, however, appears to be violated by sentences where an off-quote unbound pronoun depends on an antecedent within closed quotation marks. The chapter argues that sentences exhibiting the described pattern do not invalidate the mainstream principle, and articulates a salience-based analysis of the problematic cases.Chapter 6 is about de jure coreference. De jure coreference is a peculiar kind of coreference relation that has attracted much attention in recent research. However, its autonomy from other varieties of coreference (most notably, accidental coreference) and its signature properties are the subject of controversy. The chapter provides a systematic presentation of the motivations underlying the introduction of de jure coreference, and defends a conservative account of its relationship to sentence grammar: the de jure vs. accidental divide is real but invisible from the standpoint of linguistic structure.

In this study, possibility of establishing feminist solidarity, sustained and based on feminist politics in Turkey is examined. Commonality discourse, the notion of sisterhood and identity politics, creating illusionary homogeneity are criticized of being exclusionary and limiting. Contemporary accounts of feminist solidarity are investigated in order to find a way out for establishing solidarity across difference. However, it is seen that these contemporary approaches are far from designating a driving force to stimulate feminists / activists to come together. It is argued that in order to achieve feminist solidarity respecting differences is a must. It is also argued that solidarity has to become a powerful relation among feminists and to do so internalized inequalities and power holding within activism has to be interrogated. Consciousness raising among activists is offered as a means to overcome challenges to activism and barriers to solidarity. Furthermore it is argued that feminism has to become the motto of activism and feminist politics as the basis for establishing feminist solidarity.

V. Woolf esė knyga Savas kambarys laikoma knyga, kuri pirmoji geriausiai atspindi aktyvėjantį moterų išsilaisvinimo judėjimą. XIX a. prasidėjęs judėjimas išplito labai plačiai ir susilaukė stipraus atgarsio. Moterys buvo skatinamos siekti daugiau laisvių ir teisių. Apie tai kalba ir V. Woolf Savame kambaryje. Jos esė knygos pagrindinė mintis ta, kad norėdama kurti moteris privalo turėti penkis šimtus svarų per metus ir nuosavą kambarį. V. Woolf pasirinktas esė žanras buvo paskatinimas pasirinkti darbo analizei eseistiką. Buvo pasirinktos dviejų lietuvių moterų autorių esė knygos: D. Staponkutės Lietumi prieš saulę ir G. Radvilavičiūtės Suplanuotos akimirkos. Darbe siekiama išanalizuoti moteriškumo sampratą ir raišką šių moterų autorių eseistikoje. Akcentuojami komunikabilumo ir subjektyvumo aspektai, bei moters tapatumo išraiška. Komunikabilumas kiekvienos autorės parodomas skirtingai. V. Woolf daugiau dėmesio skiria pasakotojo paieškoms rasti dialogą su skaitytoju, o D. Staponkutė ir G. Radvilavičiūtė ieško kitokių komunikavimo būdų. Tam tinka laiškas ar dienoraštis. D. Staponkutė, G. Radvilavičiūtė kaip svarbiausias moters tapatumo išraiškas įvardina rašytojos ir motinos pozicijas. D. Staponkutei kaip vertėjai svarbi kalbos funkcija ir reikšmė žmogaus gyvenime. G. Radvilavičiūtei svarbūs motinų-dukterų vidiniai ryšiai. Be subjektyvumo ir komunikabilumo aspektų, eseistikai svarbi ir socialinė kritika. Socialinė kritika itin ryškiai atsiskleidžia moterų marginalume. Visų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / V. Woolf’s essay A Room of One’s Own – a book, which represents women’s liberation best of all. Liberation begun at XIX century and extended widely. Women were motivated to reach freedom and more rights than they had at that moment. It is the main aspect of V. Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own. The main idea of her book is that if a women wants to write, she must have five hundred pounds and own room. V. Woolf choose genre of the essay . It was stimulation to analyze essay genre at this work. Two essay book were choosen : D. Staponkutė’s With Rain Against the Sun and G. Radvilavičiūtė’s Planned moments. These books are analizing expression and conception by feminine. Emphasized subjects in these essays are communication, subjectivity and sameness of woman. Communication expression in all three essay books is different. V. Woolf pays more attention for searching a dialogue between the author and the reader. D. Staponkutė and G. Radvilavičiūtė in the essays were interested in unusual ways of communication. For this a letter and a diary were suitable. In G. Radvilavičiūtė’s and D. Staponkutė’s essays the sameness of a woman are expressed by the position of a mother and an author. The function of the language and its meaning in human life is very important to D. Staponkutė as a translator. G. Radvilavičiūtė is focused on the relantions between mothers and daughters. Social criticism is very important in essay genre. Narrator of all three essays feels out of centre because she... [to full text]

<p>Heterogeneous school communities are becoming more apparent under local and global conditions. A school community is more diverse and similar, not only racially but also in respect of&nbsp / economic, cultural, national and ethnic identities. Schools would require leaders who are mindful of the need for conflict sensitivity and social reconciliation within a globalising&nbsp / classroom.Through the lens of critical constructivism, I investigated the extent to which a higher education institution achieved the aims of the ACE in School Leadership, a continuing&nbsp / professional development programme. I relied upon a qualitative research approach to gather rich descriptive data from interviews conducted with nine school leaders who had graduated from the ACE School Leadership programme. The Literature Review is based on readings regarding critical constructivism, globalisation, conflict‐sensitivity and reconciliation.I found that the&nbsp / programme expanded the school leaders&rsquo / basic knowledge about conflict sensitivity and social reconciliation, but not sufficiently in terms of developing a critical consciousness to deal with&nbsp / conflict effectively. I concluded that conflict‐sensitive schools required school leaders that produced knowledge critically through a rigorous process of engagement and reflection. The ACE School Leadership programme had limitations in the extent to which it could prepare and equip school leaders in this regard.</p>

Relational Frame Theory research involves either of two protocols utilized to establish relational networks and functions for stimuli in those relational networks. Years of research indicate the most prevalent method involves first establishing a relational frame, conditioning one of the stimuli to acquire a particular function, and then providing a test to see if the function trained to one of the stimuli in the network transferred through the relational network to other stimuli. The less common method involves first training a particular function for a stimulus, entering that stimulus in a relational network with at least two other stimuli, and then subsequently providing a test to see if the function transferred. Hayes, Kohlenberg, and Hayes (1991) hypothesized that not only do both procedures work, but there is also no differentiation between the two with regards to transformation of stimulus function. Although both protocols have been used in the RFT literature, a direct comparison has never been made. The current study directly examines that comparison in a within-subject analysis to determine if there may be differentiated results in transformation of stimulus function based on the protocol used. A within-subjects analysis indicates that subsequent probes of transformation of stimulus function probes yielded similar levels of correct responding in both training protocols, and thus supporting the hypothesis put forth by Hayes and colleagues (1991).

<p>Heterogeneous school communities are becoming more apparent under local and global conditions. A school community is more diverse and similar, not only racially but also in respect of&nbsp / economic, cultural, national and ethnic identities. Schools would require leaders who are mindful of the need for conflict sensitivity and social reconciliation within a globalising&nbsp / classroom.Through the lens of critical constructivism, I investigated the extent to which a higher education institution achieved the aims of the ACE in School Leadership, a continuing&nbsp / professional development programme. I relied upon a qualitative research approach to gather rich descriptive data from interviews conducted with nine school leaders who had graduated from the ACE School Leadership programme. The Literature Review is based on readings regarding critical constructivism, globalisation, conflict‐sensitivity and reconciliation.I found that the&nbsp / programme expanded the school leaders&rsquo / basic knowledge about conflict sensitivity and social reconciliation, but not sufficiently in terms of developing a critical consciousness to deal with&nbsp / conflict effectively. I concluded that conflict‐sensitive schools required school leaders that produced knowledge critically through a rigorous process of engagement and reflection. The ACE School Leadership programme had limitations in the extent to which it could prepare and equip school leaders in this regard.</p>

This study analyzes the discursive action of media as an identity builder. Globalization and mediatization processes compose the context in which the relations of a free to air TV channel fits in and which content is defined by a broadcast programming that needs to articulate a flux made of national, regional and local broadcasting stations. From this programming, we have researched the production of short time insertion programs lasting no more than 90 seconds, broadcasted during the commercial breaks and supported by sponsors, called programetes in Portuguese. From the data researched in 2006, we could observe the existence of these programs in 5 from 11 broadcasting stations of Rede Brasil Sul de Televisão RBS TV, associated to Rede Globo, all of them locally produced e broadcasted exclusively to cities located away from the capital of Rio Grande do Sul State. This kind of program is considered by TV stations as a way to overcome the short time that can be destined to subjects of local interest, and at the same time it guarantees to the sponsors they area offering a unique kind of product. We have analyzed some short time insertion programs of RBS TV dos Vales located in the city of Santa Cruz do Sul -RS. The program we analyzed was Preserve o que é nosso (Preserve what is ours), which has been broadcasted since 2002 and has more than 40 editions so far. It is broadcasted during the commercial breaks of Globo Repórter (Fridays nights) and Domingão do Faustão programs (Sundays afternoons). This local media has an important role for the remembrance of the European immigration to Brazil from the XIX Century on. Besides that, the concept of narrative identity has been revealed as fundamental and also a way to keep identity alive. Idem-identity or sameness would be related to a substratum through which it would be possible to reidentify a person with himself/herself. Ipse-identity or selfhood secures the concept of permanence in time that happens through the continuous relation with others and it operates through identification with values, models, heroes, etc. The dialectics between sameness and selfhood is inserted in the notion of narrative identity. Narrative is considered a set of stories, registers and imagination, while the discourse is the act of this narrative. The data collected show that short time insertion programs consider the concept of preserving the memory of the former generations giving attention to aspects as conservation and recuperation of the architectural heritage and the narrative that is related to it. Short time insertion programs are lined up with informative and promotional genres and also with documentary and social merchandising subgenres. The discursivity analysis shows that the houses are structuring elements. Through its exposition, at least two perspectives can be cited. Focusing on the triumph of the immigrants who faced a new land with extreme difficulties would strengthen sameness because of the maintenance of the character which identifies a group as a whole. At the same time, regarding the permanence in time, it shows that future generations will be able to access the preserved architectural and cultural heritage, besides these generations are characterized by selfhood, the introduction of others in the constitution of their own identities. / A dissertação analisa a atuação discursiva da mídia como construtora de identidades. Os processos de globalização e de midiatização constituem o contexto em que se inserem as relações de uma rede de televisão aberta, cujo conteúdo é determinado por uma grade de programação que deve articular um fluxo constituído por emissoras nacionais, regionais e locais. Dentro da programação nos detivemos em produções denominadas programetes, produtos veiculados nos intervalos comerciais com o apoio de patrocinadores e com duração máxima de 90 segundos. Em levantamento realizado em 2006, observou-se a ocorrência desse tipo de produto em cinco das onze emissoras da Rede Brasil Sul de Televisão - RBS TV, afiliada da Rede Globo, produzidos e veiculados local e exclusivamente no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizados pelas emissoras como forma de contornar a situação do pouco espaço reservado à inserção de conteúdos locais, ao mesmo tempo garantem aos anunciantes a oferta de um produto único. Tomamos para análise uma série de programetes da RBS TV dos Vales - situada no município de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS. O programete estudado denomina-se Preserve o que é nosso, está no ar desde 2002 e já foram produzidas mais de 40 edições. Ele é exibido nos intervalos comerciais do Globo Repórter (sextas-feiras à noite) e do Domingão do Faustão (tardes de domingo). A noção de identidade narrativa revelou-se fundamental para a análise, comportando as formas de permanência da identidade no tempo. A identidade-idem, ou mesmidade, teria relação com um substrato pelo qual seria possível reidentificar um indivíduo como o mesmo. Já a identidade-ipse, ou ipseidade, seria a forma de permanência no tempo que é feita na contínua relação com o outro, operando por meio de identificações-com valores, modelos, heróis, etc. A dialética entre a mesmidade e a ipseidade está contida na noção de identidade narrativa. Considera-se a narrativa como o conjunto de histórias, registros e imaginários enquanto o discurso é considerado como a colocação em ato dessa narrativa. A mídia local tem seu papel na rememoração das narrativas da imigração européia no Brasil a partir do século XIX. Dentre os principais resultados, evidencia-se que o programete apresenta como conceito a preservação da memória dos antepassados através da atenção a aspectos como conservação e recuperação do patrimônio arquitetônico e as narrativas a ele vinculadas. A produção está alinhada aos gêneros informativo e promocional e aos subgêneros documentário e merchandising social. A análise da discursividade aponta que a edificação é um elemento estruturante. Por meio de sua exposição, ao menos duas perspectivas são apontadas. Ao enfocar o triunfo dos colonizadores que enfrentaram uma terra que apresentou dificuldades extremas, estaria privilegiando a mesmidade pela manutenção do caráter pelo qual se reconhece um grupo como sendo o mesmo. E ao abordar uma necessidade de permanência no tempo, estaria profetizando que as futuras gerações poderão acessar o patrimônio arquitetônico e cultural preservado, ainda que essas gerações sejam marcadas pela ipseidade, pela introdução do outro na constituição de suas identidades.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helen Meira Cavacanti.pdf: 728004 bytes, checksum: a8983f7df5ebf01baf8422ee22e67309 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-31 / This experimental study tries to develop models of behavioral tests to rodents as a mean to evaluate the three domains that characterize autism: loss in social interaction; verbal and non-verbal communication; behavior patterns, interest, restrict activity, repetitive behavior and stereotype. One of these models is based on the pre-natal exposition to teratogenics agents, like valproic acid, considered a risk factor for autism. The objective of this research was to analyze the interference of valproic acid in the learning process and flexibility of routines in winstar rats. This study is experimental and the sample is composed by 20 male rats 10 from the control group and 10 from the experiment group. The learning capacity and the capacity of maintaining flexible routines are evaluated by the T maze test. The capacity of habituate is measured by the open field test. The learning, discrimination and reversions capacity is evaluated by the box of conditioning working. The results shows that the valproic acid interfered in the capacities of learning, flexibility of routine, habituate and reversion of what is learned. These behavior alterations are compatible with those observed in autistic individuals. / Estudos experimentais vêm buscando desenvolver modelos de testes comportamentais para roedores na tentativa de avaliar os três domínios que caracterizam o autismo: prejuízos na interação social; na comunicação verbal e não-verbal; padrões de comportamento, interesses, atividade restrita, comportamento repetitivo e estereotipado Um dos modelos baseia-se na exposição pré-natal aos agentes teratógenos, como o ácido valpróico, considerados um fator de risco para o autismo. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a interferência do ácido valpróico no aprendizado e na capacidade de flexibilizar rotinas em ratos wistar. Trata-se de um estudo experimental, composta por uma amostra de 20 ratos machos, sendo 10 do grupo controle e 10 do grupo experimental. A capacidade de aprendizagem e de flexibilizar rotinas é avaliado pelo teste labirinto em T. A capacidade de habituação é medida pelo teste de campo aberto, e a capacidade de aprendizagem, discriminação e reversão é avaliado pelo teste na caixa de condicionamento operante. Os resultados mostram que o ácido valpróico interferiu nas capacidades de aprendizagem, de flexibilizar rotina, de habituação e reversão do aprendizado. Essas alterações comportamentais são compatíveis com aqueles observados em indivíduos autistas.