Corticosteróides injetáveis têm sido usados em fonocirurgia com o intuito de se prevenir fibrose da prega vocal pelos seus efeitos na cicatrização e assegurar uma melhor qualidade vocal. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar histologicamente os efeitos da infiltração de dexametasona no processo agudo de cicatrização, 3 e 7 dias após uma lesão induzida cirurgicamente na prega vocal de coelhos, através da análise quantitativa da reação inflamatória e da deposição de colágeno. Uma incisão cirúrgica foi realizada nas pregas vocais de 12 coelhos, seguido da injeção de 0,1ml de dexametasona na prega vocal esquerda. A prega vocal direita não recebeu nenhuma injeção e serviu como grupo controle. As laringes foram coletadas 3 e 7 dias após a cirurgia. As pregas vocais foram histologicamente analisadas com hematoxilina-eosina para quantificar a resposta inflamatória e picrossírius-red para quantificar a deposição de colágeno. Quantitativamente, não houve diferença significativa na resposta inflamatória das pregas vocais com corticosteróide em relação ao controle. A deposição de colágeno no grupo com corticóide foi estatisticamente menor em 3 dias e permaneceu menor em 7 dias após a lesão cirúrgica (p=0,002). Esses resultados sugerem que os corticosteróides diminuem a deposição do colágeno no processo agudo da cicatrização / Injectable corticosteroids have been used in phonosurgery to prevent scarring of the vocal fold due to their effects on wound healing, and to assure better voice quality. The aim of this study is to evaluate histologically the effects of dexamethasone infiltration on acute vocal fold wound healing in rabbits 3 and 7 days after surgically-induced injury, by quantification of the inflammatory reaction and collagen deposition. A standardized surgical incision was made in the vocal folds of 12 rabbits, and 0.1 ml dexamethasone (4 mg/ml) was injected into the left vocal fold. The right vocal fold was not injected and served as the control. The larynges were collected 3 and 7 days after surgery. For histological analysis, the vocal folds were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for quantification of the inflammatory response and with picrosirius red for quantification of collagen deposition. There was no quantitative difference in the inflammatory response between vocal folds injected with the corticosteroid and the control folds. However, collagen deposition was significantly lower in the corticosteroid-treated group at 3 and 7 days after the injury (p = 0.002). The present results suggest that dexamethasone reduces collagen deposition during acute vocal fold wound healing

The cancers of the skin, melanoma and the keratinocyte cancers, basal cell andsquamous cell carcinomas (BCC and SCC), are among the most common cancersin white populations. While ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is their principal cause,links with non-UVR-related factors have also been noted. Ultimately, theinteraction of these elements results in malignancy however, understanding oftheir specific contributions remains incomplete. This thesis reports findings fromsix studies aiming to investigate gaps in current knowledge of the role of UVR andnon-UVR-related risk factors on skin cancer. The papers are groupedaccording to the aspects of skin cancer epidemiology and aetiology they address. The first two papers address the descriptive epidemiology of melanoma inEngland, a country with low ambient solar UVR. They arise from ecologicalstudies using national melanoma registration data and document rising trends inmelanoma incidence by anatomic site (Paper 1), and by region of residence andsocio-economic deprivation (Paper 2). Their findings were consistent with thesuggestion that increases in recreational UVR exposure are driving rises inmelanoma rates. These results emphasise both the need to closely monitor UVRexposure and melanoma trends and the importance of public health campaigns. The second group of three papers considers the assessment of associations ofnutritional factors with keratinocyte cancer. Two studies use data from aprospective cohort to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake (Paper 3)and blood concentrations (Paper 4) of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturatedfatty acids (PUFA) in relation to BCC and SCC risk. Associations with both PUFAtypes were observed. In addition, Paper 5, a three-way correlational assessment,demonstrated that questionnaire and blood circulating levels of omega-3 PUFAwere highly correlated with measures of skin bioavailability. Collectively, thesestudies give evidence for associations of these nutrients with skin cancer and forthe utility of both intake and biomarker measures for assessing the relationships. The final paper explores the relationship between a widely cited non-UVR riskfactor, namely scars and cancers of the skin. It reports a systematic review of allpublished observational studies quantifying this association. While innumerablecase reports were found, quantitative analyses were rare. The review identifieda major gap in the literature where knowledge of scar malignancies is notevidence-based, but rather founded mainly on cumulative anecdotal reporting. Taken together, this body of published work highlights the largely unrecognisedcomplexity of the aetiology of cancers of the skin. Future research must bebroad in scope in order to advance understanding of the interaction betweenUVR and other risk factors and to provide a base for health messages aimed atreducing the burden of these malignancies.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-19T15:30:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Gustavo Balaguer.pdf: 2319004 bytes, checksum: 8ae6797553f9db1485a7a79e6cfa0616 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T15:30:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Gustavo Balaguer.pdf: 2319004 bytes, checksum: 8ae6797553f9db1485a7a79e6cfa0616 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-16 / The skin is a coating tissue which undergoes permanent environmental action, often in aggressive forms, causing damage to this tissue. Generally, in the repair process structural changes occur which progress to the development of a scar. In this case the tissue may present morphological changes that interfere with its mechanical properties and this repair process produces a tissue with different properties than of the original tissue. Therefore, the use of therapies that favor this repair is important to seek a better scar quality. Low-level laser therapy appears as a resource used in the modulation of the inflammatory process helping the skin repair process. The objective of this study was evaluate the effect of low level laser (830nm) with 100 mW of potency us ing 1J or 3J of energy comparing to the effect of the topical sodium diclofenac on the repair process of the rat´s skin after induction of injury, analyzing the biomechanical behavior and histological changes of skin, 28 days after the harmful process. Male Wistar rats between 150g to 200g, 3 months old were used. The animals were anesthetized with association of xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine (90mg / kg and 10mg / kg, respectively, intraperitoneal injection). Once anesthetizd, 2 lesions were performed using a surgical scalpel at the dorsal area of the animal. The animals were divided into 5 groups of 7 animals: control (CTL), untreated scar (NT), scar + anti-inflammatory (DIC), scar + 1J laser (L1J) and scar + 3J laser (L3J). The pharmacological treatment and laser therapy were performed immediately after lesion induction and maintained daily irradiation until day 7. After 28 days, the animals were euthanized with an overdose of the same anesthetic and the tissue was immediately removed for histological analysis and traction trials. Results: Both the NT and group DIC showed a reduction of mechanical properties and alterations in histology analysis. L1J group showed significant improvement in mechanical properties and histological organization. We conclude that laser therapy improves certain mechanical properties of skin in this lesion model. However, more studies should be conducted to understand the proportion and organization of collagen fibers I and III biochemicaly. Either the study can be longer and evaluate the scars after the remodeling process. / A pele é um tecido de revestimento que sofre permanente ação do ambiente, muitas vezes de forma agressiva, levando a lesão deste tecido. Geralmente em seu processo de reparo ocorrem alterações estruturais que evoluem para o desenvolvimento de uma cicatriz. Neste caso o tecido pode apresentar alterações morfológicas que interferem em suas propriedades mecânicas e este processo de reparo produz um tecido com propriedades diferentes do tecido original. Dessa forma, a utilização de terapias que favoreçam esta reparação é importante para buscar uma qualidade melhor da cicatriz. A terapia com laser de baixa potência aparece como um recurso utilizado na modulação do processo inflamatório auxiliando no processo de reparo da pele. O Objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da terapia com laser de baixa potência de 830nm, com 100mW de potência nas energias de um 1J e 3J comparativamente ao efeito do diclofenaco de sódio tópico no processo de reparo da pele de ratos, após a indução de uma lesão controlada, observando aspectos histológicos e biomecânicos. Foram utilizados ratos wistar, entre 150g à 200g, com 3 meses de idade. Os animais foram anestesiados com associação de cloridrato de quetamina e xilazina (90mg/Kg e 10mg/Kg respectivamente, injeção intraperitoneal). Depois de anestesiados, foram realizadas 2 lesões cortantes utilizando um bisturi cirúrgico, no dorso do animal. Os animais foram divididos em 5 grupos de 5 animais: Controle (CTL), Cicatriz sem tratamento (NT), Cicatriz + Diclofenaco de sódio tópico (DIC), cicatriz + laser 1J (L1J) e cicatriz + laser 3J (L3J). O tratamento farmacológico e a terapia laser foram realizados imediatamente após a indução da lesão e mantida a irradiação diária até o sétimo dia. Após 28 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados com hiperdosagem do mesmo anestésico e o tecido foi imediatamente retirado para análises histológicas e de ensaios de tração. Resultados: Tanto o grupo NT quanto o grupo DIC apresentaram redução das propriedades mecânicas e alterações nas análises histológicas. O grupo tratado L1J e o grupo L3J apresentaram significativa melhora das propriedades mecânicas e na organização histológica. O grupo L1J apresentou resultados histológicos e biomecânicos próximos ao tecido saudável do grupo CTL. Conclusão: Concluímos que a utilização do diclofenaco de sódio tópico não conseguiu melhorar as características histológicas e biomecânicas da pele após a indução da lesão. A terapia com laser de baixa potência foi eficaz na melhora destas propriedades, sugerindo um melhor reparo tecidual. Porém, mais estudos devem ser realizados visando entender a proporção e organização das fibras de colágeno ou mesmo o estudo de tempos de reparo superiores ao utilizados neste estudo.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-19T17:52:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rachel Bharbara Maccheronio Dalmaso.pdf: 1414499 bytes, checksum: c33c45bef76dc678fb6c2f9893c27458 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-19T17:52:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rachel Bharbara Maccheronio Dalmaso.pdf: 1414499 bytes, checksum: c33c45bef76dc678fb6c2f9893c27458 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / The skin is a coating tissue which undergoes permanent environmental action, often in aggressive forms, causing damage to this tissue. Generally in the repair process structural changes occur which progress to the development of a scar. In this case the tissue may present morphological changes that interfere with its mechanical properties and this repair process produces a tissue with different properties than of the original tissue. Therefore, the use of therapies that favor this repair is important to seek a better scar quality. Low-level laser therapy appears as a resource used in the modulation of the inflammatory process helping the skin repair process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low power laser therapy and its association with the anti-inflammatory Diclofenac sodium, in the healing process of rat skin, after induction of a lesion process, morphological and biomechanical aspects were observed. Male Wistar rats between 150g to 200g, 3 months old were used. Once anesthetized, 2 lesions were performed using a surgical scalpel on the dorsal of the animal. The animals were divided into 5 groups of 7 animals: control (CTL), untreated scar (NT), scar + anti-inflammatory (DIC), scar + 3J laser (L3J) and scar + 3J laser and diclofenac sodium association (L + D). The pharmacological treatment and laser therapy were performed immediately after lesion induction and maintained daily irradiation until day 7. After 28 days, the animals were euthanized with an overdose of the same anesthetic and the tissue was immediately removed for histological analysis and traction trials. Results: The NT group showed a reduction of mechanical properties and alterations in histology analysis. Both the DIC and L3J groups showed significant improvement in mechanical properties and histological organization. The L + D group showed greater deformation when compared to the NT group. We conclude that the use of diclofenac sodium and laser therapy improves certain mechanical properties of skin in this lesion model. The combination of laser therapy with pharmacotherapy seems to change these mechanical properties. However, more studies should be conducted to understand the proportion and organization of collagen fibers or even the study of repair times superior to those used in this study. / A pele é um tecido de revestimento que sofre permanente ação do ambiente, muitas vezes de forma agressiva, levando a lesão deste tecido. Geralmente em seu processo de reparo ocorrem alterações estruturais que evoluem para o desenvolvimento de uma cicatriz. Neste caso o tecido pode apresentar alterações morfológicas que interferem em suas propriedades mecânicas e este processo de reparo produz um tecido com propriedades diferentes do tecido original. Dessa forma, a utilização de terapias que favoreçam esta reparação é importante para buscar uma qualidade melhor da cicatriz. A terapia com laser de baixa potência aparece como um recurso utilizado na modulação do processo inflamatório auxiliando no processo de reparo da pele. O Objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da terapia com laser de baixa potência e sua associação com o anti-inflamatório Diclofenaco de sódio, no processo de reparo da pele de ratos, após a indução de um processo lesivo, observando aspectos morfológicos e biomecânicos. Foram utilizados ratos wistar, entre 150g à 200g, com 3 meses de idade. Após anestesiados, foram realizadas 2 lesões cortantes no dorso do animal, utilizando um bisturi cirúrgico. Os animais foram divididos em 5 grupos de 5 animais: Controle (CTL), Cicatriz sem tratamento (NT), Cicatriz + anti-inflamatório (DIC), cicatriz + laser 3J (L3J) e cicatriz + associação laser 3J e diclofenaco de sódio (L+D). O tratamento farmacológico e a terapia laser foram realizados imediatamente após a indução da lesão e mantida a irradiação diária até o sétimo dia. Após 28 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados com hiperdosagem do mesmo anestésico e o tecido foi imediatamente retirado para análises histológicos e de ensaios de tração. Resultados: O grupo NT apresentou redução das propriedades mecânicas e alterações nas análises histológicas. Tanto o grupo DIC quando o grupo L3J apresentou significativa melhora das propriedades mecânicas e na organização histológica. O grupo L+D apresentou maior deformação quando comparado ao grupo NT. Conclusão: Concluímos que a utilização do diclofenaco de sódio da laserterapia melhoram determinadas propriedades mecânicas da pele neste modelo de lesão. A associação da laserterapia com a farmacoterapia parece alterar estas propriedades mecânicas. Porém, mais estudos devem ser realizados visando entender a proporção e organização das fibras de colágeno ou mesmo o estudo de tempos de reparo superiores ao utilizados neste estudo.

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Author: Alena Podzimková Title of Thesis: Characterization of silicone scar treatment gels Supervisor: PharmDr. Eva Šnejdrová, Ph.D. This diploma thesis deals with characterization of silicone gels by various methods, specifically measurement of rheological properties, overall characterization of the composition by infrared spectroscopy, identification of volatile compounds by gas chromatography and determination of molecular weight distribution of polymers by gel permeation chromatography. The theoretical part provides information about scars and their treatment options and describes the principles and the evaluation of tests performed in the experimental part. Five commercial gels and three newly formulated scar healing gels were evaluated. Analysis of viscosity curves confirmed newtonian type of flow in commercial gels Scar Gel Dr. Max and Stratamed and in the newly formulated gels. Strataderm, RejuvaSil and ScarEsthetique show a decrease in viscosity under stress. Oscillation tests have shown a gel structure only with the commercial ScarEsthetique and RejuvaSil. Scar Gel Dr. Max, Strataderm, the newly formulated gels and Stratamed contain polymeric polydimethylsiloxane. In case of Scar...

In late 1972, prisoners and ex-convicts in Maine formed Statewide Correctional Alliance for Reform (SCAR), a radical prisoners' rights organization that provoked a thoroughgoing public discussion on the function of prisons in Maine and in American society that lasted for about two years. Working for prison reform through legislation, litigation, and community organizing, SCAR influenced a Maine public unusually receptive to new approaches to criminal justice due to the impact of nationwide prison rebellions and the widely publicized massacre of forty-three prisoners and guards in New York’s Attica State Prison on September 13, 1971. As SCAR members, frustrated by the slow pace of change, came to increasingly view crime and prisons as products of an unjust socio-economic system that could be changed only through revolutionary means, a conservative backlash against prison reform also developed in the state, led by police officers, prison guards, and others who felt that Maine’s criminal justice system did not effectively safeguard its citizens from violent crime. When SCAR disbanded in 1976 as a result of internal political divisions and intense police repression, Maine no longer had an organized constituency to push for prison reform, leaving conservatives and the forces of political inertia and public indifference to guide state correctional policy in the years since.

No description available.

Rhizoctonia blight (sensu lato) is a common and serious disease of many turfgrass species. The most widespread causal agent R. solani consists of several genetically different anastomosis groups (AGs) and subgroups. Though anastomosis or hyphal fusion reactions have been used to group Rhizoctonia species, they are time consuming and sometimes difficult to interpret. Anastomosis reactions are incapable of identifying isolates belonging to different AG subgroups within an AG. This study evaluated molecular techniques in comparison with traditional anastomosis grouping (AG) to identify and group isolates of Rhizoctonia. More than 400 Rhizoctonia isolates were collected from diseased turfgrass leaves from eight geographic areas in Virginia and Maryland. A random sample of 86 isolates was selected and initially characterized by colony morphology, nuclei staining and anastomosis grouping. Molecular identification was performed by analysis of rDNA-ITS region and DNA fingerprinting techniques universally primed PCR (UP-PCR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). The cladistic analysis of ITS sequences and UP-PCR fragments supported seven clusters. Isolates of R. solani AG 1-IB (n=18), AG 2-2IIIB (n=30) and AG 5 (n=1) clustered separately. Waitea circinata var. zeae (n=11), and var. circinata (n=4) grouped separately. A cluster of six isolates (UWC) did not fall into any known Waitea group. Most of the binucleate Rhizoctonia-like fungi (BNR) (n=16) grouped separately. AFLP grouping also largely agreed with the above results. However, UWC isolates clustered into two groups. Molecular analyses corresponded well with traditional anastomosis grouping by clustering isolates within an AG or AG subgroup together. UP-PCR cross-hybridization could distinguish closely related Rhizoctonia isolates to their infraspecies level. Genetically related isolates belonging to the same AG subgroups cross-hybridized strongly, while isolates of different AGs did not cross-hybridize or did so weakly. Sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were generated from UP-PCR products to identify isolates of major pathogenic groups AG 1-IB and AG 2-2IIIB. Specific primer pairs successfully distinguished isolates of AG 1-IB and AG 2-2IIIB from isolates of other AGs. Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia species and AGs was tested in vitro to commercial formulations of iprodione, triticonazole and pyraclostrobin. W. circinata isolates were moderately sensitive to iprodione while isolates of R. solani and BNR were extremely sensitive. Isolates of AG 2-2IIIB showed less sensitivity to triticonazole than other Rhizoctonia isolates. W. circinata var. zeae isolates were moderately sensitive to pyraclostrobin while most of the other isolates were extremely sensitive. / Ph. D.

Die Narbenbildung des Hautorgans stellt für die gegenwärtige Medizin weiterhin eine schwierige Aufgabe dar. Die frühzeitige Beeinflussung des Wundheilungspro- zesses hin zu einer verminderten oder narbenlosen Heilung scheint von entschei- dender Bedeutung. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz ist die präoperative Laserthe- rapie und dadurch erzeugte Hitzeschockantwort. Auf molekulare Ebene kommt es u.a. zur Expression von Hitzeschockproteine. Die vorliegende in-vitro Studie beschäftigte sich mit der laserinduzierten Hochregulation des Hitzeschockproteins 70 in den epidermalen Schichten. Hierfür wurden drei nicht ablative Lasersysteme mit insgesamt 12 verschiedenen Parametereinstellungen verwendet (1.540-nm Er:Glass- , 755-nm Alexandrit-, 1.064-nm Nd:YAG-Laser). Mithilfe eines humanen Hautexplantatmodells sollte unter gleichbleibenden Bedingungen Zeitpunkt und Konzentration der maximal induzierten Hsp70-Expression sowie epidermale Schä- digungen dargestellt werden. In der verfügbaren Literatur waren hierzu nur begrenzt Daten vorhanden. Alle drei Lasersysteme zeigten signifikante Hsp70-Expressionen. Der Zeitpunkt der maximalen Hsp70-Expression konnte zwischen Tag 1 und 3 festgehalten werden. Dabei zeigten die Lasersysteme unterschiedliche Hsp70- Maxima und unterschiedliche Epidermisschädigungen. Die Ergebnisse ließen schlussfolgern, dass eine potenzielle präoperative Narbenprävention tendeziell ein Tag vor dem chirurgischen Eingriff und mit den stärkeren Parametereinstellungen des 1.064-nm Nd:YAG Lasers durchgeführt werden sollte.

Die Narbenbildung des Hautorgans stellt für die gegenwärtige Medizin weiterhin eine schwierige Aufgabe dar. Die frühzeitige Beeinflussung des Wundheilungspro- zesses hin zu einer verminderten oder narbenlosen Heilung scheint von entschei- dender Bedeutung. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz ist die präoperative Laserthe- rapie und dadurch erzeugte Hitzeschockantwort. Auf molekulare Ebene kommt es u.a. zur Expression von Hitzeschockproteine. Die vorliegende in-vitro Studie beschäftigte sich mit der laserinduzierten Hochregulation des Hitzeschockproteins 70 in den epidermalen Schichten. Hierfür wurden drei nicht ablative Lasersysteme mit insgesamt 12 verschiedenen Parametereinstellungen verwendet (1.540-nm Er:Glass- , 755-nm Alexandrit-, 1.064-nm Nd:YAG-Laser). Mithilfe eines humanen Hautexplantatmodells sollte unter gleichbleibenden Bedingungen Zeitpunkt und Konzentration der maximal induzierten Hsp70-Expression sowie epidermale Schä- digungen dargestellt werden. In der verfügbaren Literatur waren hierzu nur begrenzt Daten vorhanden. Alle drei Lasersysteme zeigten signifikante Hsp70-Expressionen. Der Zeitpunkt der maximalen Hsp70-Expression konnte zwischen Tag 1 und 3 festgehalten werden. Dabei zeigten die Lasersysteme unterschiedliche Hsp70- Maxima und unterschiedliche Epidermisschädigungen. Die Ergebnisse ließen schlussfolgern, dass eine potenzielle präoperative Narbenprävention tendeziell ein Tag vor dem chirurgischen Eingriff und mit den stärkeren Parametereinstellungen des 1.064-nm Nd:YAG Lasers durchgeführt werden sollte.