La presente investigación fue un estudio transversal de tipo correlacional que tuvo como objetivo estudiar la relación entre el clima social escolar y estrés académico en estudiantes de primero de secundaria de colegios estatales de la ciudad de Lima. La muestra estuvo conformada por 320 escolares de 11 a 15 años de edad, de los cuales 49.4 % son mujeres y el 50.6 % son varones. Los instrumentos de evaluación empleados fueron el inventario de Clima Escolar Social - Reducido (Gómez, 2009) y la escala de SISCO del estrés académico (Barraza, 2007). Dentro de los resultados se halló una correlación directa muy débil entre la dimensión trabajo de aula que pertenece al clima social escolar con la dimensión síntomas que forma parte del estrés académico. También, se encontró una correlación inversa muy débil entre la dimensión trabajo de aula (variable clima social escolar) con estrategias de afrontamiento (variable estrés académico). Por último, en un análisis comparativo se encontraron diferencias significativas entre estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés académico según sexo, donde las mujeres presentan mayores estrategias de afrontamiento para reducir los síntomas del estrés académico. / This investigation was a cross-sectional study of a correlational type that aimed to study the relationship between the school social climate and academic stress in students of first year of secondary state schools in the city of Lima. The sample compromised of 320 schoolchildren aged from 11-15 years of which 49.4% are women and 50.6% are men. The evaluation tools used were the social school climate reduced inventory (Gomez 2009) and the SISCO scale of academic stress (Barraza 2007). Within the results, a very weak, direct correlation was found between the classroom work dimension pertaining to the social climate and the symptoms dimension which is a part of academic stress. Also, a very weak inverse correlation was found between classroom work dimension (school social climate variable) with coping strategies (academic stress variable). Finally, in a comparative analysis, significant differences were found between coping strategies for academic stress according to sex, where women have greater coping strategies to reduce the symptoms of academic stress. / Tesis

Esta dissertação estuda as relações (de díades e de tríades) entre família, creche e criança durante o período de ingresso da criança e família em uma instituição educacional. O objetivo é observar, descrever e compreender o período de adaptação na unidade infantil mencionada e verificar se a voz dos bebês é considerada no processo de adaptação. O quadro teórico baseia-se em concepções da Teoria do Apego e Base Segura (BOWLBY, 1973, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1989, 1990), do Triângulo Primário (FIVAZ-DEPEURSINGE e CORBOZ-WARNEY, 2000) e da figura de referência (vários autores italianos). Faz-se referência a Winnicott (1975, 1982, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2006) sobre o brincar e a Bion (2004) sobre o conceito de contenção emotiva. A coleta de dados do campo foi realizada em um Centro de Educação Infantil (CEI) na cidade de São Paulo, em 2008. A metodologia empregada foi uma pesquisa qualitativa, de abordagem etnográfica, e os dados de campo foram coletados mediante entrevistas dirigidas e espontâneas, questionários, observações, fotos, filmagens e leitura do Projeto Pedagógico de 2008. A triangulação dos dados apoiou-se no procedimento de categorização proposto por Bogdan e Biklen (1994). A análise dos dados evidencia relações de caráter diádico, interações lúdicas pouco planejadas e ausência de escuta da voz da criança. As tensões e carências observadas são reflexo de uma formação inicial e continuada que não contempla o estudo da formação dos vínculos no âmbito de uma instituição educacional. / This dissertation studies dyadic and triadic relationships between family, daycare, and child on the onset of a child and family in an educational institution. The objective is to watch, describe, and understand the adaptation period in such daycare to check whether the babies voice is taken into consideration during the adaptation. The theoretical context is based on conceptions of the Theory of Attachment and Secure Base (BOWLBY, 1973, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1989, 1990), Primary Triangle (FIVAZ-DEPEURSINGE and CORBOZ-WARNEY, 2000) and reference figure (various Italian authors). Reference is made to Winnicott (1975, 1982, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2006) concerning playing, and to Bion (2004) concerning the emotional contention idea. Field data collection was carried out in a Center for Childrens Education (CEI) in the City of São Paulo, in 2008. The methodology applied was consisted of a qualitative ethnographic-approach research, and field data were collected by means of pre-scheduled and spontaneous interviews, questionnaires, reflections, pictures, videos, and reading of the 2008 Educational Project. Data triangulation relied on the classification procedure proposed by Bogdan and Biklen (1994). Data analysis shows dyadic and triadic relationships, poorly-planned playful interactions, and the absence of listening to the childs voice. The pressures and needs observed are result of a initial and continued education that neglects the study of the formation of bonds inside an educational institution.

O autismo é um transtorno do desenvolvimento com características que prejudicam o funcionamento diário da pessoa que recebe esse diagnóstico. As alterações sociais e de linguagem representam um dos seus distúrbios mais importantes. Considerando os estudos sobre Transtorno do Espectro Autista e a correlação entre linguagem oral e o domínio da leitura e escrita, a interação entre fonoaudiólogo e psicopedagogo é de suma importância, pontuando um elemento indispensável para obtenção de melhores resultados. A maneira de ensinar alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista é particularmente específica sendo importante o trabalho interdisciplinar entre escola e terapia. Tendo em vista o exposto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever o processo de adaptação escolar de gêmeos autistas do ensino infantil ao fundamental, em equipe interdisciplinar. Trata-se de um estudo de caso retrospectivo instrumental e fizeram parte da pesquisa duas crianças gemelares monozigóticas do sexo masculino que, na ocasião do início da coleta de dados, tinham 5 anos e cursavam salas de educação infantil de uma escola privada de ensino regular. Parte da pesquisa foi desenvolvida na escola privada de ensino regular, sendo três fontes de obtenção de dados 1) dados psicopedagógicos; 2) dados fonoaudiológicos; 3) dados da escola. A coleta e análise de dados foram realizadas a partir das avaliações psicopedagógicas, avaliações fonoaudiológicas e dos relatos dos professores com o propósito de intervir quanto à necessidade de adaptações de estratégias pedagógicas realizadas pela pesquisadora durante todo o período. Os resultados foram separados ano a ano e mostram que o trabalho interdisciplinar entre escola, fonoaudióloga e psicopedagoga atuando em conjunto e compartilhando conhecimentos teóricos e práticos resultou no melhor aproveitamento e desenvolvimento dos participantes. Dessa maneira, o trabalho interdisciplinar e a inclusão escolar não são tarefas fáceis, mas são absolutamente possíveis e importantes para que a criança com Transtorno do Espectro Autista esteja inserida no âmbito escolar e social, melhorando em todos os aspectos do desenvolvimento. / Autism is a disorder with features that interfere in autistic people\'s lives. Social and verbal communication changes are the most important disorders. Considering previous researches about autism and the correlation between verbal communication and reading and writing skills, the importance of the interaction between a phonoaudiologist and an educational psychologist is showed. Teaching autistic students demands a specific approach that considers school and therapy interaction as essential. The objective of this study was to describe the adaptation process of twin boys from kindergarten to elementary school through an interdisciplinary team work. It is an instrumental retrospective case study about monozygotic male twins. They were three years old and they were studying at a private regular education school in the beginning of this study. Part of the research was developed at the private regular education school using three data sources: 1) educational psychological data; 2) phonoaudiological data; 3) data from school. All the data was obtained and analyzed from educational psychological and phonoaudiological evaluations and teachers opinions aiming to adapt teaching strategies used by the researcher during the whole period. The results were separated year by year and showed that interdisciplinary work was better to the participants in terms of development. In conclusion, interdisciplinary work and school inclusion are not easy tasks but they are achievable and important, so that autistic children can be part of society and for their global development.

L’adaptation psychosociale des enfants issus de la guerre représente un enjeu pour l’établissement scolaire et pour les familles. Souvent abordés dans une perspective d’apprentissage global, les processus d’adaptation scolaire spécifiques aux enfants traumatisés de guerre sont peu analysés. La variabilité de l’adaptation psychosociale de ces enfants invite à considérer le rôle des facteurs internes qui leur sont spécifiques et les autres facteurs externes qui dépendent de leur entourage, à savoir la famille et le milieu scolaire. Les points de vue de ces enfants sur leur bien-être psychosocial et l’opinion des éducateurs sur leur situation scolaire reflètent des caractéristiques susceptibles d’expliquer cette variabilité dans le contexte d’une résilience ainsi définie suite aux travaux de Boris Cyrulnik (1999, 2001, 2002, 2003) comme « la capacité d’une personne, d’un groupe, de se développer bien, de continuer à se projeter dans l’avenir en présence d’événements déstabilisants, de traumatismes sérieux, graves, de conditions de vie difficiles. » Dans le contexte de la guerre dévastatrice de juillet 2006 entre Hezbollah et Israël, cette étude vise à rechercher les facteurs internes et externes qu’adoptent les élèves des classes primaires, se trouvant dans des écoles à la frontière avec Israël, pour faire face à un agent stressant brutal et souvent répétitif ou à un traumatisme prolongé. Cette étude cherche à évaluer les contributions respectives de ces facteurs à leur adaptation scolaire. La dynamique de scolarisation de ces élèves a été appréhendée à travers les opinions des éducateurs et leur regard vis-à-vis de ces enfants qui reprennent le chemin de l’école pour suivre et terminer à temps un même cursus conçu pour toutes les écoles sur le territoire libanais. Leurs perceptions des attitudes éducatives, de la structuration des pratiques éducatives vont influencer les conduites des élèves. Les analyses de corrélations entre les ressources internes des enfants et les ressources sociales, à savoir une résilience familiale et scolaire élevée, nous amènent à postuler que le soutien de toute la communauté (famille, école, réseau social) semble constituer des facteurs protecteurs pour les enfants ayant vécu le traumatisme de la guerre. L’enfant protégé par sa famille aura également besoin d’une protection par son école, lieu de scolarisation et carrefour de socialisation, pour compléter le processus de résilience et empêcher un décrochage scolaire précoce. / The psycho-social adaptation of children of war represents a challenge for the school and their families. Often addressed from a perspective of global learning, school adaptation processes specific to traumatized children in war are shortly analysed. The variability of the psychosocial adaptation of children invited the present research to consider the role of factors internal and specific to the children and external factors that depend on others, namely the family and the school environment. The views of children on their psychosocial well-being and the opinion of educators on their school situation reflect characteristics that may explain the variability in the context of fortitude as well defined as Boris Cyrulnik (1999, 2001, 2002, 2003). Researched in the context of the devastating July 2006 war between Hezbollah and Israel, this study will identify the internal and external factors adopted, by 313 students in primary classes in schools on the border with Israel, to face a stressful, brutal and often repetitive or prolonged trauma. This study will also assess contributions respective of these factors to their school adaptation. The dynamics of education of these students was apprehended through the views of educators and of these children who, when back to school, follow and finish in time the same curriculum designed for the entire Lebanese territory. Perceptions of educational attitudes, the structuring of educational practices will influence the lives of students. Our analysis shows correlations between internal resources. It leads us to postulate that the support of the Community (family, school, social network) appears to offer protective factors for children who have experienced the trauma of the war. The child protected by their family will also need protection by the school, the place of schooling and socialization crossroads, to complete the process of resilience and to prevent an early school drop-out.

Esta dissertação estuda as relações (de díades e de tríades) entre família, creche e criança durante o período de ingresso da criança e família em uma instituição educacional. O objetivo é observar, descrever e compreender o período de adaptação na unidade infantil mencionada e verificar se a voz dos bebês é considerada no processo de adaptação. O quadro teórico baseia-se em concepções da Teoria do Apego e Base Segura (BOWLBY, 1973, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1989, 1990), do Triângulo Primário (FIVAZ-DEPEURSINGE e CORBOZ-WARNEY, 2000) e da figura de referência (vários autores italianos). Faz-se referência a Winnicott (1975, 1982, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2006) sobre o brincar e a Bion (2004) sobre o conceito de contenção emotiva. A coleta de dados do campo foi realizada em um Centro de Educação Infantil (CEI) na cidade de São Paulo, em 2008. A metodologia empregada foi uma pesquisa qualitativa, de abordagem etnográfica, e os dados de campo foram coletados mediante entrevistas dirigidas e espontâneas, questionários, observações, fotos, filmagens e leitura do Projeto Pedagógico de 2008. A triangulação dos dados apoiou-se no procedimento de categorização proposto por Bogdan e Biklen (1994). A análise dos dados evidencia relações de caráter diádico, interações lúdicas pouco planejadas e ausência de escuta da voz da criança. As tensões e carências observadas são reflexo de uma formação inicial e continuada que não contempla o estudo da formação dos vínculos no âmbito de uma instituição educacional. / This dissertation studies dyadic and triadic relationships between family, daycare, and child on the onset of a child and family in an educational institution. The objective is to watch, describe, and understand the adaptation period in such daycare to check whether the babies voice is taken into consideration during the adaptation. The theoretical context is based on conceptions of the Theory of Attachment and Secure Base (BOWLBY, 1973, 1980, 1984, 1986, 1989, 1990), Primary Triangle (FIVAZ-DEPEURSINGE and CORBOZ-WARNEY, 2000) and reference figure (various Italian authors). Reference is made to Winnicott (1975, 1982, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2006) concerning playing, and to Bion (2004) concerning the emotional contention idea. Field data collection was carried out in a Center for Childrens Education (CEI) in the City of São Paulo, in 2008. The methodology applied was consisted of a qualitative ethnographic-approach research, and field data were collected by means of pre-scheduled and spontaneous interviews, questionnaires, reflections, pictures, videos, and reading of the 2008 Educational Project. Data triangulation relied on the classification procedure proposed by Bogdan and Biklen (1994). Data analysis shows dyadic and triadic relationships, poorly-planned playful interactions, and the absence of listening to the childs voice. The pressures and needs observed are result of a initial and continued education that neglects the study of the formation of bonds inside an educational institution.

O autismo é um transtorno do desenvolvimento com características que prejudicam o funcionamento diário da pessoa que recebe esse diagnóstico. As alterações sociais e de linguagem representam um dos seus distúrbios mais importantes. Considerando os estudos sobre Transtorno do Espectro Autista e a correlação entre linguagem oral e o domínio da leitura e escrita, a interação entre fonoaudiólogo e psicopedagogo é de suma importância, pontuando um elemento indispensável para obtenção de melhores resultados. A maneira de ensinar alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista é particularmente específica sendo importante o trabalho interdisciplinar entre escola e terapia. Tendo em vista o exposto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever o processo de adaptação escolar de gêmeos autistas do ensino infantil ao fundamental, em equipe interdisciplinar. Trata-se de um estudo de caso retrospectivo instrumental e fizeram parte da pesquisa duas crianças gemelares monozigóticas do sexo masculino que, na ocasião do início da coleta de dados, tinham 5 anos e cursavam salas de educação infantil de uma escola privada de ensino regular. Parte da pesquisa foi desenvolvida na escola privada de ensino regular, sendo três fontes de obtenção de dados 1) dados psicopedagógicos; 2) dados fonoaudiológicos; 3) dados da escola. A coleta e análise de dados foram realizadas a partir das avaliações psicopedagógicas, avaliações fonoaudiológicas e dos relatos dos professores com o propósito de intervir quanto à necessidade de adaptações de estratégias pedagógicas realizadas pela pesquisadora durante todo o período. Os resultados foram separados ano a ano e mostram que o trabalho interdisciplinar entre escola, fonoaudióloga e psicopedagoga atuando em conjunto e compartilhando conhecimentos teóricos e práticos resultou no melhor aproveitamento e desenvolvimento dos participantes. Dessa maneira, o trabalho interdisciplinar e a inclusão escolar não são tarefas fáceis, mas são absolutamente possíveis e importantes para que a criança com Transtorno do Espectro Autista esteja inserida no âmbito escolar e social, melhorando em todos os aspectos do desenvolvimento. / Autism is a disorder with features that interfere in autistic people\'s lives. Social and verbal communication changes are the most important disorders. Considering previous researches about autism and the correlation between verbal communication and reading and writing skills, the importance of the interaction between a phonoaudiologist and an educational psychologist is showed. Teaching autistic students demands a specific approach that considers school and therapy interaction as essential. The objective of this study was to describe the adaptation process of twin boys from kindergarten to elementary school through an interdisciplinary team work. It is an instrumental retrospective case study about monozygotic male twins. They were three years old and they were studying at a private regular education school in the beginning of this study. Part of the research was developed at the private regular education school using three data sources: 1) educational psychological data; 2) phonoaudiological data; 3) data from school. All the data was obtained and analyzed from educational psychological and phonoaudiological evaluations and teachers opinions aiming to adapt teaching strategies used by the researcher during the whole period. The results were separated year by year and showed that interdisciplinary work was better to the participants in terms of development. In conclusion, interdisciplinary work and school inclusion are not easy tasks but they are achievable and important, so that autistic children can be part of society and for their global development.

The diploma thesis deals with the mediation of a preview of the development of adaptation during the beginning of school attendance in pupils of the first class by the view of children, parents and teacher. The diploma thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter deals with the current concept of the first level of basic education and describes the important curricular documents that constitute the White Book and the Framework Educational Program of Basic Education. The second chapter deals with a child initiating school attendance and this breakthrough event is framed in the subchapters describing school maturity and school readiness, school as an impersonal institution, classmates and friends, evaluation and school success, teacher and his / her work, motivation of the pupil, adaptation to the beginning of school attendance, a change of the daily regime, and the family as the inseparable emotional support of the child. The practical part is devoted to qualitative research, which was attended by seven children who have just started their compulsory schooling, their parents and the teacher. In-depth interviewing and qualitative questionnaires are used.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-02T16:56:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 roselydossantosesteves.pdf: 596449 bytes, checksum: c7a2ef52eb1974998cf8a540e374e309 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-03T11:24:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 roselydossantosesteves.pdf: 596449 bytes, checksum: c7a2ef52eb1974998cf8a540e374e309 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-03T11:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 roselydossantosesteves.pdf: 596449 bytes, checksum: c7a2ef52eb1974998cf8a540e374e309 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / O presente estudo apresenta uma questão que, embora não seja inédita, é relevante nas discussões educacionais e representa um dos grandes desafios para a educação na atualidade, trata-se dos índices relacionados à aprovação/reprovação no 6º ano do ensino fundamental. Percebe-se que no município de Juiz de Fora/MG é alto o índice de reprovação neste segmento do ensino, fator que gera como consequência a defasagem idade-série. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma análise comparativa de três escolas com realidades socioeconômicas semelhantes. Para tanto, foram analisadas as taxas de aprovação/reprovação apresentados nesta etapa do Ensino Fundamental no espaço amostral de três anos (2009 a 2011). Para as análises foi importante o referencial teórico proporcionado por autores como: Mintzberg (2010), Alavarse (2013), Balmant (2012), Mandelli (2013), Burgos (2012), Peregrino (2012), Oliveira (2012), Bento (2007), Castanheira & Ceroni (2008), Mason (2011) apud Magaldi & Reis (2011), Moura (2009), Pereira (2007), Silva (2008) e Condé (2012). A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada foi à qualitativa e a quantitativa, uma vez que foi realizada a coleta de dados e informações por meio de questionários e de entrevistas aplicadas a gestores, coordenadores pedagógicos e professores. A intenção é propor alternativas, por meio de um Plano de Intervenção, para atenuar estes problemas nas escolas pesquisadas. O Plano de Ação Educacional tem o intuito de apontar caminhos para intervir e melhorar a realidade no segmento escolar em análise. Os pontos mais relevantes deste trabalho foram às reflexões e as discussões depreendidas sobre os principais fatores apontados como responsáveis pela reprovação no 6º ano, isto é, as dificuldades de adaptação que implicam na aprendizagem e a ausência de habilidades adequadas dos professores para trabalharem com este segmento de ensino. As análises destes fatores culminaram com a proposta do Plano de Ação sugerido para atenuar os problemas de reprovação no 6ºano. / This study presents an issue that is not unique though is relevant in educational discussions and represents a major challenge for education nowadays, these are the indexes related to a school approval/fail on the 6th year of the Elementary School. It is noticed that in the city of Juiz de Fora / MG is high failure rate in this segment of education, a factor that causes the effect of age-grade gap. Thus, the aim of this work is to make a comparative analysis of three schools with similar socioeconomic realities. For this, the taxes of approval / disapproval presented at this stage of Elementary School were analyzed in the sample space of three years (2009-2011). For analysis was important theoretical framework provided by authors such as Mintzberg (2010), Alavarse (2013), Balmant (2012), Mandelli (2013), Burgos (2012), Pilgrim (2012), Oliveira (2012), Benedict (2007), Castanheira & Ceroni (2008), Mason (2011) cited Magaldi & Reis (2011), Moura (2009), Pereira (2007), Silva (2008) and Condé (2012). The research methodology was qualitative and quantitative, since the collection of data and information through questionnaires and interviews applied to managers, coordinators and teachers was held. The intention is to propose alternatives, through an Intervention Plan to moderate these problems in the surveyed schools. The Education Action Plan aims to show ways to interfere and improve the reality in the school segment analysis. The most important topics of this study were inferred to reflections and discussions on key factors identified as responsible for the failure in the 6th year, namely, the difficulties of adaptation that involve learning and the lack of appropriate skills of teachers to work with this segment education. The analysis of these factors led to the proposal of the Action Plan suggested improving the problems of failure in the 6th year.

Introduktion: Forskningen indikerar bristen på exakta statistiska uppgifter angående antalet elever som lider av problematisk skolfrånvaro. Skolans uppdrag är att främja hälsa och förebygga problematisk frånvaro. Vid frånvaro löper eleverna risken att inte uppnå de kunskapsmål som fastställts i läroplanen, vilket kan leda till negativa konsekvenser. Syfte: Litteraturstudien syftar till att undersöka hur skolnärvaro i Sverige kan främjas hos elever i grundskolan med skolnärvaroproblematik, utifrån betydelsen av känslan av sammanhang i elevens skolgång. Metod: En strukturerad litteraturstudie genomfördes baserat på tolv vetenskapliga artiklar hämtade från databaserna Pubmed, SAGE journals och Web of Science. Artiklarna analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Resultat: Studiens resultat presenterade fyra teman som var elevperspektiv, lärarperspektiv, skolsköterskeperspektiv och föräldrarperspektiv. Det framgick att engagemang, goda relationer, en trygg miljö samt samarbete mellan lärare, skolsköterskor och föräldrar kan bidra till att eleverna upplever skolan som mer begriplig, hanterbar och meningsfull. Slutsats: Skolfrånvaro utgör ett komplext problem. Det är därför av stor betydelse att skapa en känsla av sammanhang för eleverna, vilket kan främja deras närvaro i skolan. / Introduction: Research has shown that there is a lack of precise statistics regarding the number of students with problematic school absence. Schools have a mission to promote students’ health and prevent problematic school absence. With students’ absence, there is a risk of them not achieving the goals that are in the curriculum, which might have negative consequences. Aim: The aim of this literature study is to examine how the school attendance of Swedish lower year students, with problematic school absenteeism, can be encouraged through the sense of coherence in a student’s schooling. Methods: A structured literature study was conducted based on twelve scientific articles collected from the databases Pubmed, SAGE Journals and Web of Science. The articles were thematically analysed. Results: The results of this study were divided into four themes: student, teacher, school nurse, and parent perspectives. Commitment, healthy relationships, a safe environment and cooperation between teachers, school nurses and parents appeared to contribute to a student’s experience with school being more understandable, manageable and meaningful. Conclusion: School absence is a complex problem. It is of high importance to create a feeling of belonging for the students, which in turn can encourage the student’s attendance in school.

Объектом исследования явилась школьная самостоятельность учащихся младших классов. Предметом исследования стал уровень и проявления самостоятельности младших школьников в учебной деятельности. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (78 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 89 страниц, на которых размещены 16 рисунков. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме школьной самостоятельности учеников 6-10 лет. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию показателей структурных составляющих школьной самостоятельности и их взаимосвязей у учащихся младших классов. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: Диагностика параметров учебной самостоятельности младших школьников (по методике Н. В. Калининой), Методика «Нерешаемая задача» и экспертная оценка самостоятельности учащихся (А.К. Осиницкий), Карта проявлений самостоятельности (А.М. Щетинина), Анкета «Оценка уровня развития силы воли (Л.В. Балясникова). Также в главе представлен корреляционный и статистический анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the research was the school independence of primary school students. The subject of the research was the level and manifestations of the independence of primary schoolchildren in educational activities. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature (78 sources) and an appendix, which includes the forms of the applied methodologies. The volume of the master's thesis is 89 pages, on which are placed 16 figures. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problematics, the purpose and objectives of the research are set, the object and the subject of research are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified, as well as the stages of the research, the scientific novelty, the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of school independence for children 6-10 years old. The sections devoted to the study of indicators of the structural components of school independence and their interconnections in primary school students are presented. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It provides a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained using all the methods used: Diagnostics of the parameters of educational independence of junior schoolchildren (according to the method of N. V. Kalinina), Method "Unsolvable problem" and expert assessment of the independence of students (A. K. Osinitsky), Map of manifestations of independence (A. M. Shchetinina), Questionnaire "Assessment of the level of development willpower (L.V. Balyasnikova). Also, the chapter presents a comparative, correlation and statistical analysis of the results of the study. The findings of Chapter 2 are the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, brief results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are presented, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses. The practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of the problematics are described.