本研究旨在探討國立高中學校行政組織調整之需求性、剖析我國國立高中學校行政組織中，職務由教師兼任的概況、瞭解我國國立高中學校行政組織及運作之缺失、分析現行國立高中學校行政組織之改進途徑，提出有助於國立高中學校行政組織再造的架構，以提供學校及主管教育行政機關參考。採用的研究方法計有：問卷調查法、訪談法。 本研究係以高中教師及兼任行政人員、專職行政人員及主管教育行政機關之教育行政人員為研究對象。在問卷方面，以臺中縣市國立高中為研究抽樣母體，採分層隨機抽樣進行問卷調查，總計共發出問卷500份，回收411份，有效問卷411份，總回收率為82.2%。 本研究經過文獻探討及調查和訪談結果分析，得到如下的結論： 一、 現行國立高中學校行政組織架構，各校設立之組別大致相似。 二、 各校現行之學校行政組織中較迫切需要再造之處，頗符合現況需求。加強專業養成訓練；採勞務外包制；員額採總量管制。 三、 各校現行之學校行政組織架構較類似甲方案。較傾向於傳統之處室分組架構。 四、 國立高中學校行政組織，多數的填答者認為國立高中之規模區分維持現狀無須調整。 五、 國立高中學校行政組織，教學組、試務組以及訓育組較適合由教師兼任組長。 六、 現行國立高中學校行政組織及運作之缺失︰教師兼任行政工作意願不高；行政工作勞逸不均；行政組織結構缺乏彈性。 七、 現行國立高中學校行政組織改進途徑︰加強行政人員的專業養成訓練；改善各組行政工作勞逸不均；教職員採總量管制。 八、 國立高中學校行政組織再造，可透過將非屬核心業務外包或場所委外經營的方式來提升行政效率。 九、 進行國立高中學校行政組織再造，可以朝著裁併處室、裁併組別或歸併的方向調整。 十、 國立高中學校行政組織架構調整，以維持現狀的甲案最為填答者支持，反映出普遍冀求安定，但亦有近半數認同再造。 根據以上之結論，提出如下的建議，以供參考。 壹、教育行政機關方面 一、訂定組織再造計畫，因應未來實際需求。 二、行政組織法令鬆綁，賦予彈性自主運作。 三、從制度面根本解決教師兼任行政工作意願不高之學校行政組織運作的缺失，建議教師兼任的適合度較低的職務由專任行政人員擔任。　　 貳、對學校的建議 一、訂定工作流程的簡化措施，修訂學校的校務章則規程。 二、積極進行較迫切需要再造之處。 三、辦理勞務外包，減輕人員工作負擔，縮編員額節省人事經費。 四、非屬核心業務委外經營，開拓財源，減輕行政負擔，有利於組織再造；建議學校可以將餐廳、合作社、游泳池等場所委外經營。 五、加強行政人員專業養成訓練，鼓勵兼行政教師參與行政研習。 六、合理分工各組業務，避免工作勞逸不均。 七、簡化行政業務工作流程，活化學校行政運作機制。 八、 進行國立高中學校行政組織再造，建議裁併部分處室或組別。 / This study is researching the necessity of adjusting the administration organization in national senior school, and exhaustedly analyzing the condition that a teacher holds a concurrent administrative post. Meanwhile, we can understand the faults of the school administrative organization and its administrative operation, and then we can analyze the improving gateways used nowadays in national senior high schools. Furthermore, we can offer the skeleton of reengineering administration organization, and the references to schools and the managers of the educational administration institution. These researching methods which I used are including “questionnaire survey law” and “visiting discussion”. The object personnel that I researched were senior high school teachers, concurrent administrators, full-time administrators and some educational administration personnel in manager educational administration institution. As to the questionnaire survey, we took national senior high schools in Taichung City and Taichung County as the matrix of lamination random sampling. We sent out about 500 “asks-the-volumes” and returned 411 “asks-the-volumes”. The recall “asks-the-volumes” were all effective, so the total returns-ratio reached 82.2%. After literature discussion, investigation and visiting discussion, we come to the following conclusions: 1. The administrative organization skeletons of sections in national senior high schools nowadays are similar to one another. 2. The schools’ administrative organizations now needed urgently reengineering in national senior high schools are: strengthen the professional nurture training, the school services need adopting by “outside the service wraps”. And the specified number of personnel uses the total quantity control. These conform to the present situation demand. 3. The school administrative organization skeleton now traditionally tends to the way of “office room grouping”. 4. The majority of the answerers think that we needn’t adjust the present scale discrimination in high schools’ administrative organization and maintain the present situation. 5. The suitable concurrent posts for high school teachers are the Curriculum and Instruction Section, Examination Section and Extra-curriculum section in national senior high school administrative organization. 6. The demerits in high schools’ administrative organization and their operations nowadays are: teachers are not willing to be concurrent administrative personnel, the administrative affairs unbalance, and the administrative organization structures are lack of flexibility. 7. The ways of improving the schools’ administrative organization in national senior high schools are: strengthen the administrative personnel professional nurture training, balance the service work between sections, and teachers and administrators use the total quantity control. 8. As for the high schools’ re-engineering administrative organization, we may penetrate the outside agent to deal with the non- core business, or place request management in order to uplift the administration efficiency. 9. In proceeding the schools’ re-engineering administrative organization in national senior high schools, we can consolidate offices, or sections, etc., or combine some offices or sections. 10. In adjusting national senior high schools’ administrative organization skeletons, most answerers support to maintain the present situation. According to the above conclusions, my proposals are as following: --supply the reference 1. The proposals for the educational authorities: (a) To make the plans of re-engineering organization, be accordance to the future actual demand. (b) To loose the administrative constitutive law, afford the autonomous flexibility in operation. (c) To solve the demerits basically from the system surface that the teachers are unwilling to serve the part-time employment, suggest that some jobs unsuitable for teachers can be done by full-time administrative personnel. 2. The proposals for school authorities: (a) To make the brief measure of working flow, reedit the rules and regulations of school affairs. (b) To carry on what will be re-engineered positively and urgently. (c) To transact all labor services done by outside agent to reduce the burden of internal personnel, and incorporate personnel to save the personnel funds. (d) To afford the non-core business managed by outside agent, exploit the finance, lighten the administrative burden, will be advantageous of re-engineering organization. And proposal that school cafeteria, cooperative, and swimming pool can be managed by outside agent. (e) To strengthen administrative personnel’s professional nurture training, encourage concurrently administrative teachers to attend the administrative thorough study. (f) To divide each service labor rationally, avoid the unfair burden in assigning work. (g) To brief the administrative affairs work flow, activate the school administrative operation mechanism. (h) To be engaged in re-engineering administrative organization in national senior high schools, suggest consolidating some offices or sections.

xii, 149 p. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT LB2831.93.O7 M45 2008 / Principals of schools have a unique set of responsibilities that range from the transactional to the transformational. Principals are expected to set a clear vision for the school community, support teachers in their work, while at the same time being responsible for all the details that allow a school to function smoothly. Thus, the first year of a novice principalship is a complex challenge. The first year in a high performing school carries with it an added set of challenges that a novice principal must come to understand and navigate. First-year principals work to not only gain understanding of their role in the school community, but also to develop a personal leadership style that supports teachers, children, parents and the larger community. It is through their experiences and reflections that novice principals begin to develop their unique voice as a leader. These experiences lay the foundation for their coming years in the principal's office. / Committee in Charge: Dr. Diane Dunlap, Chair; Dr. Gerald Tindal; Dr. Philip McCullu;m Dr. Jean Stockard, Outside Member

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學校行政實施全面品質管理，可使學校行政工作更具績效和競爭力。然而，現行國中學校行政可以實施全面品質管理的業務內涵為何？要如何在現行公立國中學校行政推動實施？在實施時會遇見哪些困難？如何克服？以及實施後的成效如何？它與行政職務間的關係如何？是本研究探究的目的。 本研究之學校行政全面品質管理是統合學者專家的看法，融合本研究之對象及學校行政組織的特性予以界定：是一種以現有學校行政組織為架構，以學校行政、教師、學生、家長的需求為導向，以品質為中心，運用科學與組織整體運作的方式，進行全流程的工作規劃與管理，對支援教學、服務師生、過程督導、成果考核的過程進行不斷改善，以達成學校行政組織長期發展目標的管理。 本研究以個案行動研究方式，採參與觀察、問卷調查、訪談等方法，發現： 一、 業務內涵的選擇與實施以學校之最需要、內容較複雜、工作量較大、影響範圍較廣之業務先行試辦，各項實施辦法、表格、圖示的設計則需符合學校的性質與需求。 二、 實施時會遇見許多困難：學校行政人員缺乏品質的概念、不完全認同全面品質管理的理念、行政業務量過大、人事異動大，不易持續等；解決問題的策略方面，要選擇較有利的時機、善用學校既有資源、訂定周延實施規劃、清楚描繪願景、認真辦好教育訓練、校長展現推動決心與承諾，較易成功。 三、 實施後的成效方面，學校行政人員對實施後之效益持肯定看法，對學校行政全面品質管理能清楚認知且認同做法，但在實際工作及對未來持續實施是否具信心時，卻持較保留的態度。 四、 與行政職務間的關係方面，在實施之初期，較資深之行政人員比較常會以不積極、不主動的方式迴避問題，但到實施後期，行政職務、年資間則沒有明顯差異存在。 本研究之建議有四： 一、 學校行政人員觀念的改變與心態的調整，應列為推動前首要任務，推動的方式上要運用民主方式提供廣泛參與。 二、 審慎辦理教育訓練課程，且應配合學校行政願景與實施後的可能成效一併陳現，還要兼顧多項配套措施：行政資訊化的融入；穩定的學校行政人事；建立明確工作職掌與輪調機制；校長的自信、毅力與承諾；找到一群支持者並以團隊工作方式推動等配套同時介入較易成功。 三、 對後續研究者的建議：再找一位具專業的客觀第三者，對研究對象進行觀察、紀錄；增加訪談受訪人數，或加採焦點團體討論方式對學校行政工作人員進行更客觀、廣泛、深入的瞭解，以補本研究之不足，使獲得之資料更具可靠性和說服力。 四、 建議後續研究者可採更深入之研究方法，將「顧客」的範疇界定擴展至學生、教師、家長，以瞭解學校行政實施全面品質管理後學生、教師、家長之滿意情形。 / Practicing TQM in school administration can make the admini- stration more effective and more competitive. However, to what affairs can we apply TQM in junior high school administration? How can we push it and put it into practice? What difficulties will confront us when we practice TQM? How can we overcome those difficulties? What effects will we have after practicing it? What is the relation between TQM and administrative positions? These are what I try to find out in this thesis. In this study, integrating views of scholars and experts, blending the objects of this study and the features of school administrative organi- zation, we define TQM of school administration as follows: Based on the existing administrative organization, oriented by the needs of school administration staff, teachers, students, and parents, focusing on quality, utilizing scientific and organizational operation, and making a whole- process work design and management, TQM of school administration aims to improve the four processes of administration (supporting teaching, offering services to teachers and students, supervising administration processes ,and evaluating results of administration) so as to achieve the goal management of the long-term development of school administrative organization. In this case study of practicing TQM, by observing practicing processes, gaining information from questionnaires, and interviewing the administrative staff, we have four important find-outs: First, we can try applying TQM to the most necessary, complicated, heavily work-loaded, and influential affairs. The design of charts and graphs should be in conformity with the property and the needs of the school. Second, we will encounter lots of difficulties when practicing TQM. For example, the school administrative staff does not have the concept of TQM and does not completely consent to the concept of TQM, the workload of administration is too heavy, the personnel change is great, etc. In the strategy of solving these problems, we have to choose a better opportunity, make the best use of existing resources, make a profound plan, clearly draw the future vision, and try hard to make educational training. The school principal also has to show his determination and promise. With the above, we have a better chance to succeed. Third, the administrative staff has a positive attitude toward the effects of practicing TQM. They can clearly understand TQM and agree to the practicing. But they have a reserved attitude toward the continuation of the future practicing. Fourth, as for the relation of TQM and the administrative positions, we find out that in the beginning of the practice of TQM, the senior administrative staff were unenthusiastic, inactive, and unwilling to face the problem directly. However, in the later stage, the attitudes of different ages and different positions of the administrative staff do not show much difference. We have four suggestions for following researchers: First, changing the attitude and concept of the administrative staff should be a top priority. They have to offer chances of participation in a democratic way when pushing TQM. Second, educational training should be made carefully. The training should fit the future vision of school administration and take into consideration the possible effects after practicing. And there should be several combining measurements: computerization of administration, steadiness of school personnel, clear work responsibility and a mechanism of position alternation, the principal’s confidence, insistence, and promise, a group of supporters working in teamwork, and the construction of a mechanism to avoid changing the meaning and the practicing mode of TQM. Third, following researchers had better have an objective third-person specialist to observe and record the study process of study targets. Besides, they should have more interviewers, have a focus group discuss, and understand the administrative staff more objectively, widely, and deeply. In this way they can make up the deficiency of this study and make the data more dependable and convincing. Fourth, following researchers can have a more effective and profound study method to include students, teachers, and parents in the definition of “customers” so as to understand their satisfaction degree after practicing TQM.

This study is designed to determine the degree to which female principals and vice-principals in Texas derive job satisfaction from their work and to identify those factors, both negative and positive, which affect the job satisfaction of these principals and vice-principals. A single questionnaire was used to collect the data for this study. Usable questionnaires were returned by 331 vice-principals and 504 principals. These represented 336 school districts throughout the state. Respondents were compared as to their view of their overall job satisfaction, the importance assigned to intrinsic and extrinsic job facets, their satisfaction with intrinsic and extrinsic job facets, and the differences in facet satisfaction connected with various personal characteristics.

Principals in schools that are failing to meet the expected standard in terms of Grade 12 performance have a role to play in order to change the situation in their schools around. Although there are various factors contributing to the decline in Grade 12 performance in their schools, principals are still seen to be the key figures in determining quality education in their respective schools. They should, therefore, become active change agents in the transformation process in education. Their cooperation with the EAZ teams introduced by Kader Asmal in 1999 is therefore necessary for their schools to improve. By the way, a leader does not tell subordinates “what to do” but rather shows them “how to do things”. However, a qualitative research design was employed to establish the role of the principals in the Gauteng Province in implementing the EAZ as an intervention strategy. Barriers to the success were identified. Strategies to assist principals in overcoming barriers are also recommended. Ultimately, all schools have an obligation to produce good results. / Prof. K.C. Moloi

This study has focused development and management strategies at different levels within the school system in four Swedish municipalities. The overall aim of the study was to gain knowledge about how development is staged in municipalities where changes emerge without incentives, such as financial support from the state. The questions cancern how school development is conceived of at different levels in the school system, what role ICT plays in school development, and what strategies of management that prevail as regards the connection between ICT and school development. School development in the four municipalities has been analysed by using 1) Englund's three conceptions of school development over time; 2) Berg, Nytell & Söderberg's four types of management in Swedish schools that have been brought to the före <luring the 1990's; and 3) . House's three perspectives on school development. The study demonstrates that conceptions of school development vary in the four municipalities among administrators and school leaders, from interpreting development in a technological/scientific, rational perspective, to interpreting it in a political/cultural and democratic perspective. The philosophy behind management also varies between municipalities, and different pattems bave emerged, i.e., management may be directed by goals, rules, results, or"'frame factors. However, the teachers in all four municipalities demonstrate, with few exceptions, a common view about school change, irrespective of what philosophy of management is represented at administration and school leader leve!. In House's terms, the teachers seem to have a political/cultural perspective. One explanation rnight be that teachers are independent in their choice of instructional contents and methods.

A educação técnica e profissional tem sido objeto de estudos nacionais e internacionais que mostram sua importância no contexto econômico e social de diversos países, sobretudo por facilitar a inserção do jovem no mercado de trabalho. O ensino integrado, uma das modalidades oferecidas pela educação profissionalizante de nível médio, possibilita ao aluno cursar na mesma instituição o ensino médio e o ensino técnico. As ETECs (Escolas Técnicas Estaduais), geridas pelo Centro Paula Souza, são as escolas públicas predominantes de melhor desempenho no estado de São Paulo, segundo as notas médias do ENEM, exame realizado por seus alunos concluintes do ensino integrado e do ensino médio regular. Diante deste cenário, buscou-se identificar os fatores determinantes no desempenho das escolas de ensino profissionalizante integrado no âmbito da gestão estadual do Centro Paula Souza, além de características e especificidades de gestão, com base em fatores apontados pela literatura de gestão escolar. Por meio de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizou-se um estudo de caso em duas escolas, as ETECs dos municípios de Cotia e São Roque, ambas com desempenho significativo no ENEM 2014. Destacaram-se as seguintes características e especificidades de gestão: (a) nas duas escolas predomina uma gestão participativa e democrática, associada ao uso das ferramentas de gestão disponíveis; (b) equipe pedagógica que trabalha em conjunto com professores, aluno e família buscando aprimorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem; (c) o monitoramento do desempenho dos alunos, com atuação de coordenadores e orientadores educacionais; (d) a avaliação de desempenho e o incentivo à capacitação atrelados ao plano de carreira dos docentes; (e) a seleção de alunos, necessária por haver demanda superior à oferta de vagas, porém diante da realidade educacional do país, não impede que a maioria dos ingressantes apresente defasagem no aprendizado; (f) ações com a comunidade e projetos sociais. Dos fatores apontados, três predominaram: o empenho dos professores, a motivação de professores e alunos e a equipe de profissionais. Os outros quatro foram: comprometimento e foco dos alunos; envolvimento da família; liderança e clima; e seleção de alunos. A clara inter-relação entre os fatores identificados comprova que gestores escolares, professores, alunos e suas famílias, além do poder público, cada qual fazendo sua parte, conseguem atingir bons resultados, contribuindo para a verdadeira transformação que a educação de qualidade proporciona a uma sociedade. / Technical and professional education has been the subject of national and international studies that show its importance in the economic and social context in several countries, especially by facilitating the insertion of the young into the work market. The integrated education, one of the methods offered by professional education of secondary school, allows the student to attend at the same institution high school and technical education. The ETECs (State technical schools), managed by the Centro Paula Souza, are the predominant public schools to perform better in the State of São Paulo, according to average scores/marks of ENEM, the examination carried out by their students graduating from high school and integrated education. Given this scenario, there is a need to identify the determining factors in the performance of integrated professional schools under the State management of the Centro Paula Souza, in addition to features and peculiarities of management, based on factors pointed out by school management literature. Through a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, a case study was carried out in two schools, the ETECs in the municipalities of Cotia and São Roque, both with remarkable performance at ENEM 2014. Six features and peculiarities of management are highlighted: (a) in both schools a participatory and democratic management prevails, in association with the use of management tools available? (b) the pedagogical team working together with teachers, students and family seeking to improve the teaching-learning process? (c) the student performance monitoring, with the participation of coordinators and educational advisors? (d) the performance evaluation and training incentives tied to career ladder of teachers? (e) the selection of students, necessary for demand which is higher than the offer of slots, but taking into account the country\'s educational reality, does not prevent most freshmen from showing lack of knowledge? (f) actions with the community and social projects. Based on the factors cited, three have prevailed: the commitment of the teachers, the motivation of teachers and students and the professional team. The other four are: commitment and focus of students? family involvement? leadership and atmosphere? selection of students. The clear interrelationship between the factors identified shows that school administrators, teachers, students and their families, in addition to the Government, each doing their part, can achieve good results, contributing to the real transformation that provides quality education to a society.