This study was part of a larger multi-informant longitudinal study with a sample of 319 children (52% male, 48% female) ages 4-12 (mean= 7 years 9 months) whose parents had recently filed for divorce. Three annual waves of data from four informants were used for analysis: child self-report, mother, teacher, and observer report. The purpose of the study was to add to the understanding of multi-informant research and children’s psycho-social well-being. The first goal was to determine the consensus of children’s psycho-social well-being scores within informant across time, within child across informant, and between children over time. The second goal was to determine factors that contribute to the levels of consensus, such as, child gender, child age, child ethnicity, and length of parents’ separation, maternal baseline depressive symptoms score, and timing of the teacher questionnaire. The third goal was to determine if children could be classified into meaningful psycho-social well-being groups. Lastly, a visual diagnostic tool, the “patchwork”, was created using a random sample of eight prototypical cases of group membership based on predicted probabilities. This tool displayed the four informants scores, and child and informant characteristics. A single measure of child psycho-social well-being was created for each informant to compare rater consensus in hierarchical linear modeling. Latent class analysis was used to determine groupings. The HLM results indicate that 53% of the variance is within informants across time, 31% is within child across raters, and only 16% is between child over time. As expected, results showed more consensus of informants’ scores among girls than boys, the greatest consensus for children in middle childhood over other age groups, among Non-Hispanic White children compared to other ethnicities, and among spring reports than fall reports from teachers. Maternal baseline depressive symptoms score was significantly related to level of consensus of reporters, with greatest consensus when mother’s baseline depressive symptoms scores are at the mean (15.47). Mother’s scores of children’s psycho-social well-being decrease from highest scores of when baseline depressive symptoms score is 0, decreasing -.02 with each point increase in baseline depressive symptoms score. The results of the latent class analysis show two latent classes with maternal baseline depressive symptoms as a covariate best fit the data, one class with psycho-social well-being scores above the mean (N=258), and one with scores below the mean (N=61). Baseline data alone sufficiently models these groups and is chosen for parsimony over latent transition analysis. In sum, this study demonstrated benefits of multi-method multi-informant research, while acknowledging the strengths and biases that influence informant consensus of children’s psycho-social well being / text

Title: The level of motor skills and physical activity in school-age children (9-11 years) Author: Bc.Tomáš Šorna Supervisor: Mgr. Jakub Kokštejn, Ph.D. Objectives: An aim of the work is to find out, in one week of monitoring, a relationship between physical activity of young school-age children and their level of motoric skills with respect to their age. The aim is also to find character of mutual relationships between indicators of physical activity and motoric skills. Methods: The target market of the thesis are pupils of third, fourth and fifth classes (n=73; 10,3 ± 0,8 years) in one of the primary schools in Příbram. In the thesis has been applied method of analysis Actigraph GT3X, which has analysed physical activity and TGMD-2 test (Test of Gross Motor Skills - 2nd edition) to find out needful data of motoric skills. Results: Average figure of moderately to high physical activity exceeded recommended level of physical activity good for health development (70 ± 38,7 min). However, 70% of young pupils reached below-average to low results. Moderately strong relationship (p < 0,01; r = 0,405) has been found out between physical activity (average medium to high intensive physical activity per day) and motoric skills (total performance during TGMD-2 test). Impact of the age has not been found...

The thesis focuses on the draft project for the middle school age children. The theoretical part characterizes the children of the middle school age. Further, it describes moral thinking and the perception of values from the perspective of history. The next chapters are dedicated to the education towards values and environmental ethics. The practical part includes the didactical draft project. The draft contains activities, which help to develop ecological thinking together with the associated value system of an individual. The main idea of the whole project is the identification of the individual with nature as with himself. There are also used non-directive methods of moral education that help the individuals to realize the responsibility for their behavior on the Earth.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5162.pdf: 2109943 bytes, checksum: c98897ebc95ab3bff1784bf1b2c9015d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The literature recognizes the importance of social relationships for the healthy development of children. A good social skills repertoire is crucial for this because it allows one to competently deal with the interpersonal demands. Socially competent children have better prospects for the future, while, in the other hand, deficits on the social skills repertoire are associated with behavior problems and other risk factors for development. Social competence depends on a class of skill that is the basis of all others: self-monitoring. This research, which involved two studies, focused on the relationship between social skills, behavior problems and specific indicators of behaviors which are components of the self-monitoring process as well as the relationships between these variables and socio-demographic variables. In Study there were 220 children, of both genders, who attended the 3rd to the 6th grades of elementary education in public or private schools, as well as their parents / guardians who participated as informants. We used the Brazilian version of the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS-BR) and Brazil Economic Classification Criterion (CCEB). Descriptive and inferential statistics analyses pointed that: (1) the sample had scores consistent with the norm for social skills and behavior problems, and that the internalizing were more frequent, according to the parents / guardians; (2) social skills with greater loadings on predicting behavioral problems were: the Responsibility of (the self-assessed) and Composure and Civility (evaluated by informants), (3) social skills of Kindness were evaluated as the ones with greater social relevance according to parents / guardians; (4) there were significant differences for the repertoire of social skills when we take into account variables such as gender, school year and school type; the socioeconomic status, on the other hand, significantly influenced only internalizing behavior problems. In Study II there was larger sample, 30 children, divided into two groups: 15 children with higher scores on social skills and lower scores of behavior problems and 15 children with opposite repertoire. We used the Structured Situations roadmap, the Interview roadmap as well as the Protocol for the Self-Monitoring Assessment. We carried out descriptive and inferential statistical analysis and we found that: (1) children showed greater ease to Describing their own actions and more difficult to Developing possible alternatives of action, (2) in terms of the specific components of self-monitoring, the group to higher score on social skills and lower behavior problems performed better on Describing the actions of others, Developing possible alternatives of action, Predicting their own feelings, Predicting the reactions of others, Predicting the feelings of others and Reporting, where necessary, changes to the future course of action, (3) girls had significantly higher scores than the boys only for Describing the actions of those with whom they interact. The results suggest the importance of investing in planning interventions aimed at promoting self-monitoring in school-age children as a way of contributing to the socio-emotional development and prevention of behavior problems. / A literatura reconhece a importância das relações sociais saudáveis no processo de desenvolvimento infantil, sendo crucial, para isso, um bom repertório de habilidades sociais para lidar de forma competente com as demandas interpessoais. Crianças socialmente competentes têm perspectivas mais favoráveis para o futuro, enquanto que um repertório deficitário de habilidades sociais encontra-se associado a problemas de comportamento e a outros fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento. A competência social depende de uma classe de habilidade que está na base de qualquer outra: a automonitoria. O presente trabalho, que envolveu dois estudos, enfocou a relação entre o repertório de habilidades sociais, problemas de comportamento e indicadores específicos de comportamentos componentes do processo de automonitoria, bem como as relações entre essas variáveis e variáveis sociodemográficas. No Estudo I participaram 220 crianças, de ambos os sexos, que cursavam do 3º ao 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental em escolas da rede pública e particular, bem como seus respectivos pais/responsáveis, que participaram como informantes. Foram utilizados o Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais (SSRS-BR) e o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (CCEB). As análises estatísticas, descritivas e inferenciais, apontaram que: (1) a amostra apresentou escores coerentes com a norma para habilidades sociais e problemas de comportamento, sendo que os internalizantes, segundo os pais/responsáveis, foram mais frequentes; (2) as habilidades sociais de maior peso preditivo sobre problemas comportamentais foram as de Responsabilidade (na autoavaliação) e de Autocontrole e Civilidade (na avaliação por informantes); (3) as habilidades sociais de Amabilidade foram consideradas, pelos pais/responsáveis, como as de maior relevância social; (4) foram encontradas diferenças significativas no repertório de habilidades sociais segundo o gênero, ano escolar e tipo de escola; a classe econômica, por outro lado, influenciou significativamente apenas os problemas de comportamento internalizantes. No Estudo II foram selecionadas, da amostra maior, 30 crianças, compondo-se dois grupos: 15 crianças com escore superior em habilidades sociais e baixo de problemas de comportamento e 15 crianças com repertório oposto. Foram utilizados o Roteiro de Situações Estruturadas, o Roteiro de Entrevista e o Protocolo de Avaliação de Automonitoria. As análises estatísticas, descritivas e inferenciais, apontaram que: (1) as crianças apresentaram maior facilidade ao Descrever as próprias ações e maior dificuldade ao Elaborar alternativas possíveis de ação; (2) em termos dos componentes específicos da automonitoria, o grupo com escore superior em habilidades sociais e baixo de problemas de comportamento apresentou melhor desempenho em Descrever as ações dos outros, Elaborar alternativas possíveis de ação, Prever os próprios sentimentos, Prever as reações dos outros, Prever os sentimentos dos outros e Relatar, quando necessário, alterações no rumo futuro de ação; (3) as meninas apresentaram escores significativamente superiores aos meninos apenas para Descrever as ações das pessoas com as quais interagem. Os resultados sugerem a importância de investir no planejamento de intervenções voltadas para a promoção de automonitoria em crianças de idade escolar, como forma de contribuir para o desenvolvimento socioemocional e a prevenção de problemas de comportamento.

This diploma thesis focuses on the problems of primary prevention in the domestic violence area. Concretely is the author focusing on the influence of the primary school prevention in the domestic violence area on creating of presumptions for school age children emotional stability construction. In theoretical part author specifies the term "domestic violence", deals with theory of violent behavior inception and tries to point out the negative effects of violent behavior on the single family member. In the next chapters is author focusing on children as forgotten victims of the domestic violence and survey zones of exposure in the children's development, witch is acutely hit by this problems. The role of the school on the framework of primary prevention in the domestic violence area and problems of domestic violence concerning cross-sectional themes is last chapter content. Empiric part of thesis is formed by quantitative investigation, which was realized within questionnaires. Author tries to find out, whether the children's participation on the school preventive programs has the effect on the emotional stability creating. Key words: domestic violence, primary prevention, school age children, emotion's specific, school, general educational program

O baixo peso ao nascer tem sido reconhecido como uma condição adversa ao desenvolvimento infantil, podendo, sob a perspectiva da psicopatologia do desenvolvimento, ser considerado uma condição de risco biológico. O impacto negativo para os desfechos comportamentais em escolares tem sido amplamente estudado, contudo os achados são escassos quando da avaliação da depressão infantil. Propôs-se um estudo prospectivo de coorte, com o objetivo geral de comparar e correlacionar os indicadores comportamentais e de depressão infantil de uma coorte de crianças em idade escolar, estratificada em cinco grupos de peso ao nascer, segundo os valores de referência da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a saber: muito baixo peso ao nascer (MBP), baixo peso ao nascer (BP), peso insuficiente ao nascer (PI), peso normal ao nascer (PN) e muito alto peso ao nascer (MAP). Foram avaliadas 665 crianças, aos 10-11 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, nascidas em Ribeirão Preto-SP. Procedeu-se à avaliação dos indicadores comportamentais, por meio do Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ) respondido pelos pais e à avaliação dos indicadores de depressão, por meio do Inventário de Depressão Infantil (CDI) respondido pelas próprias crianças. Para o levantamento das condições clínicas das crianças e das características sociodemográficas das famílias, foram utilizadas informações de um Questionário Complementar. Os dados foram codificados de acordo com as proposições dos instrumentos e analisados por procedimentos de estatística não-paramétrica (p0,05). Em relação aos indicadores comportamentais, o grupo MBP apresentou escores mais elevados referentes à hiperatividade em comparação a todos os outros grupos, e aos problemas de relacionamento com colegas em comparação ao grupo MAP. Quanto aos indicadores de depressão infantil, o grupo MBP apresentou escores mais elevados de indicadores de depressão quando comparado aos demais grupos. No que se refere à associação dos indicadores comportamentais, relatados pelos pais, aos indicadores de depressão infantil, relatados pelas crianças, verificou-se, para todos os grupos, exceto para o MBP, que as crianças que apresentaram escores mais elevados de depressão infantil na sua autoavaliação, obtiveram também escores de dificuldades comportamentais gerais mais elevados na percepção dos pais. Considerou-se que a sintomatologia depressiva relatada pelas crianças foi identificada pelos pais como a presença de dificuldades comportamentais com manifestações diversas. Observou-se, para todos os grupos, que as variáveis sociodemográficas relativas à menor qualificação da ocupação do pai/chefe da família, à menor escolaridade dos pais e à inclusão em classes econômicas menos favorecidas foram as que apresentaram maior número de associações à presença de problemas comportamentais. O mesmo não foi observado para a depressão. Constatou-se uma maior vulnerabilidade das crianças expostas ao fator de risco biológico relativo ao muito baixo peso ao nascer para as dificuldades comportamentais, especialmente a hiperatividade, e para a depressão infantil. Destaca-se a importância da avaliação dos indicadores de problemas infantis por diferentes informantes visando resultados mais consistentes. A identificação precoce de dificuldades comportamentais e de indicadores de depressão associados ao peso ao nascer pode contribuir para o planejamento de programas de prevenção e intervenção para a promoção da saúde mental infantil. / Low birth weight has been recognized as an adverse condition to child development and may be considered as a biological risk condition, from the perspective of developmental psychopathology. The impact of this risk factor for behavioral outcomes in school-age children has been widely studied, however the findings about the assessment of children depression are still scarce. In this context, a prospective cohort study was proposed, with the general aim to compare and correlate behavioral and depression indicators in a cohort of school-age children, stratified into five groups of birth weight, according to the reference values of the World Health Organization (WHO), namely: very low birth weight (VLBW), low birth weight (LBW), insufficient birth weight (IBW), normal birth weight (NBW) and high birth weight (HBW). For this purpose, 665 children were evaluated, between the ages of 10-11 years old, of both sexes, from Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Proceeded thus to the assessment of behavioral indicators, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by parents, and the assessment of depression indicators, using the Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI) answered by children. Aiming to survey the childrens clinical conditions and the families sociodemographic characteristics, information from a supplementary questionnaire were used. Data were coded according to the instruments propositions and analyzed by non-parametric statistics (p0,05). In relation to behavioral indicators, the VLBW group had higher scores regarding hyperactivity compared to all other groups, and peer relationship problem compared to HBW group. For indicators of child depression, the VLBW group showed higher scores for child depression when compared to other groups. Regarding the association of behavioral indicators, reported by parents, to child depression indicators, reported by children, it was verified, in all groups, except in the VLBW, that children who had higher scores of depression indicators in self-assessment, also obtained higher scores to general behavioral difficulties in parents perception. It was considered that the depressive symptoms reported by children were identified by parents as the presence of behavioral difficulties with diverse manifestations. It was also observed, in all groups, that the sociodemographic variables related to less qualified occupation of father or householder, lower parental education and belong to disadvantaged economic classes showed the greatest number of associations to the presence of behavioral problems. The same was not observed for child depression. Therefore, it was noticed that there was a greater vulnerability in children exposed to the biological risk factor related to very low birth weight for behavioral difficulties, especially hyperactivity, and child depression. It is important to highlight the value of assessing indicators of child problems by different informants, with the goal to find results more consistent. Early identification of behavioral difficulties and depression indicators associated with birth weight may contribute for planning prevention and intervention programs, in order to promote childrens mental health.

Sob a perspectiva da psicopatologia do desenvolvimento, o baixo peso ao nascer tem sido considerado condição adversa ao desenvolvimento infantil, influenciando a saúde mental e as tarefas desenvolvimentais típicas, que para crianças em idade escolar abrangem o desempenho cognitivo e comportamental. Os efeitos para o desenvolvimento do nascimento com baixo peso têm sido amplamente estudados, contudo, no Brasil, tais estudos são escassos, especialmente focalizando coortes. Objetivou-se: a) caracterizar e comparar os desempenhos cognitivo e comportamental de uma coorte de crianças em idade escolar, estratificada em grupos com base em três critérios relativos ao peso ao nascer, a saber: 1º ) em dois grupos de peso ao nascer (GBPgrupo de baixo peso e GPN- grupo de peso normal); 2º ) em cinco grupos de peso ao nascer (MBP- muito baixo peso, BP- baixo peso, PI- peso insuficiente, PN- peso normal e MAP- muito alto peso); e 3º ) em três grupos de adequação do peso ao nascer à idade gestacional (PIGpequeno para a idade gestacional, AIG- adequado para a idade gestacional e GIG- grande para a idade gestacional); e b) identificar possíveis variáveis preditoras para os desempenhos cognitivo e comportamental, baseado em variáveis biológicas, clínicas e socioeconômicas. Foram avaliadas, aos 10/11 anos, 677 crianças, de ambos os sexos, nascidas em Ribeirão Preto-SP. Procedeu-se à avaliação cognitiva das crianças, por meio do Teste Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven, e à avaliação comportamental, por meio do Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ) respondido pelos pais. As informações socioeconômicas das famílias e clínicas das crianças foram obtidas por meio de Questionário Complementar. Os dados foram codificados de acordo com as proposições dos instrumentos e analisados por procedimentos estatísticos. Em relação ao desempenho cognitivo, avaliado pelo Raven, apenas o grupo PIG apresentou déficits cognitivos em comparação aos grupos AIG e GIG. Com relação ao desempenho comportamental, avaliado pelo SDQ, observaram-se as seguintes diferenças significativas: a) GBP apresentou mais dificuldades nas escalas de sintomas emocionais e hiperatividade em comparação ao GPN; b) o grupo de BP apresentou mais dificuldades na escala de sintomas emocionais em comparação aos grupos de MBP, PI, PN e MAP; c) o grupo de MBP apresentou escore maior de hiperatividade nas comparações com BP, PI, PN e MAP; d) o grupo PIG apresentou significativamente mais dificuldades no escore total e na escala de sintomas emocionais que os grupos AIG e GIG. Verificou-se na análise de predição que as variáveis nível socioeconômico e escolaridade da mãe influenciaram os desempenhos cognitivo e comportamental, e que a idade gestacional e gênero das crianças influenciaram, respectivamente, os desempenhos cognitivo e comportamental. Conclui-se que a estratificação dos grupos de peso ao nascer por três critérios permitiu a identificação de dificuldades mais específicas quanto aos desempenhos cognitivo e comportamental, especialmente quando da combinação da adequação do peso ao nascer à idade gestacional, ampliando a compreensão sobre o impacto do baixo peso ao nascer em associação às condições biológicas, clínicas e socioeconômicas / From the perspective of developmental psychopathology, low birth weight has been considered adverse condition for child development, influencing the mental health and typical developmental tasks, which for school-age children include cognitive and behavioral performance. The effects on the development of low birth weight have been extensively studied, however, in Brazil, such studies are scarce, especially focusing on cohorts. This study aimed to: a) describe and compare the cognitive and behavioral development of a cohort of school-age children, stratified into groups based on three criteria related to birth weight, namely: 1) in two groups of birth weight ( GLBW-group of low birth weight and GNBWgroup of normal birth weight), 2) in five groups of birth weight (VLBW-very low birth weight, LBW-low birth weight, IBW- insufficient birth weight, NW-normal birth weight and HBW- high birth weight) and 3) in three groups of adequacy of birth weight for gestational age (SGA- small for gestational age, AGA-appropriate for gestational age and LGA-large for gestational age), and b) identify possible predictors for cognitive and behavioral performance, based on biological, clinical and socioeconomic characteristics. At 10/11 years old, 677 children of both genders, who were born in Ribeirão Preto, has been evaluated. The cognitive assessment of children was carried out by using the Coloured Progressive Matrices Test of Raven and, in regard to its behavior aspects, parents answered to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The socioeconomic profile of families and children\'s clinics were collected through supplementary questionnaire. Data were coded according to the propositions of the instruments and analyzed by statistical procedures. In relation to cognitive performance assessed by the Raven only the SGA group showed cognitive deficits compared to the AGA and LGA groups. With regard to behavioral performance measured by the SDQ, there were the following significant differences: a) GLBW had more difficulties in the scales of emotional symptoms and hyperactivity compared to the GNBW, b) the LBW group had more difficulties in the scale of emotional symptoms in compared with groups of VLBW, IBW, NBW and HBW c) the VLBW group had higher scores of hyperactivity in comparison with LBW, IBW, NBW and HBW d) the SGA group showed significantly more difficulties in the total score and the scale of emotional symptoms that AGA and LGA groups. The analysis of prediction has demonstrated that elements as family´s socioeconomic level and mother´s education influenced the cognitive and behavioral performance, and the gestational age and gender of the children affected, respectively, the cognitive and behavioral indicators. We conclude that stratification of the groups of birth weight by three criteria allowed the identification of specific difficulties regarding the cognitive and behavioral performance, especially when combining the birth weight for gestational age, increasing understanding about the impact of low birth weight in association with biological, clinical and socieconomic conditions

Abstract The speech and language abilities of preterm and low birthweight children were studied at the age of 8 in the northern Finland 1-year birth cohort for 1985 - 86. The language abilities of 42 8-year-old preterm children with birthweight &lt; 1750 g were studied with four different language tests: the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA), the Token Test for Children (TTC), the Morphological Test for Finnish speaking children (MT) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Full-term control children with birthweight ≥ 2500 g (n = 42) from the same birth cohort matched individually with their preterm pairs for age, sex, twinship, mother's education, place of residence, birth order and family type were also studied. In addition, linguistic and motor abilities of low birthweight (LBW, &lt; 2500 g) 8-year-old children (n = 279) were studied using parental (n = 8370, 90 %) and teacher (n = 8525, 92 %) evaluations by mailed questionnaire. The results showed that the 8-year-old preterm (&lt; 1750 g) children scored significantly poorer than their controls in visual subtests measured by ITPA and that the poor performance in visual tests was associated with neonatal infections, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In addition, the preterm children with minor neurodevelopmental dysfunction (MND) scored worst and differed significantly from their matched controls in verbal comprehension measured by TTC. They also differed significantly from other preterm groups, namely healthy preterm and preterm children with cerebral palsy (CP) in TTC. Periventricular leukomalasia (PVL) findings in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were not associated with the performance in the language ability tests. The parents evaluated the LBW (&lt; 2500 g) children to have more problems in speech and language than the normal birth-weight (NBW, ≥ 2500 g) children. The LBW boys were the poorest in linguistic and motor skills compared with the NBW boys or any of the groups of girls. There was also a clear relationship between speech/linguistic and motor disabilities. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the lower birthweight and some sociodemographic factors, for example mother's younger age (20 - 24y), having more than four children in the family, a reconstructed family, as well as hearing impairment and male gender were the most important determinants of poor speech and language abilities at 8 years of age, with and without adjustment for neonatal risk factor. Smallness for gestational age was also a risk factor for poor speech and language skills. Preterm birth was associated with poor skills only after removal of the neonatal risk factor from the model. Brain auditory evoked potential (BAEP) findings did not associate to poor language abilities of preterm children. To conclude, the preterm (&lt; 1750 g) and the LBW children experienced speech and language disabilities at 8 years of age more than their full-term mates with NBW. Problems in speech production and especially in speech perception were more frequent among them both in clinical studies and parental evaluations.The visual problems were typical for preterm children (&lt; 1750 g), which should be taken into account also in speech therapy. A closer and regular follow-up of language development in the preterm children with MND is important. Parental and teachers evaluations are useful in studying children's speech and language abilities. / Tiivistelmä Pohjoissuomalaisen vuoden 1985 - 86 syntymäkohortin ennenaikaisina ja pienipainoisina syntyneiden lasten puheen- ja kielenkehitystä tutkittiin heidän ollessaan 8-vuotiaita. Aluksi testattiin 42 ennenaikaisena ja alle 1750 g syntyessään painanutta 8-vuotiasta lasta sekä heidän 42 täysiaikaisina syntynyttä ja ≥ 2500 g painanutta kontrollipariaan neljällä kielellisellä testillä, nimittäin Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities -testillä (ITPA), Lasten Token testillä, Morfologiatestillä ja Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test nimisellä sanavarastotestillä (PPVT). Kontrollilapset valittiin samasta kohortista ja kaltaistettiin ennenaikaisina syntyneiden lasten kanssa iän, sukupuolen, kaksosuuden, äidin koulutuksen, asuinpaikan, syntymäjärjestyksen ja perhetyypin perusteella. Koko syntymäkohortin kaikkien pienipainoisina (LBW, &lt; 2500 g) syntyneiden 8-vuotiaiden lasten (n=279) kielellisiä ja motorisia taitoja tutkittiin lisäksi vanhemmille (n = 8370, 90 %) ja opettajille (n = 8525, 92 %) osoitetun kyselyn perusteella. Tulokset osoittivat, että ennenaikaisina (&lt; 1750 g) syntyneet lapset saivat merkitsevästi heikommat pisteet kuin heidän kontrollinsa ITPA:n visuaalisissa tehtävissä. Heikko visuaalinen suoriutuminen oli yhteydessä neonataalikauden infektioihin, ylipainehoitoon (CPAP) ja avoimeen valtimotiehyeen (PDA). Lisäksi ne ennenaikaisina syntyneet lapset, joilla oli lievää neurologista toiminnan häiriötä (MND) saivat puheen ymmärtämistä mittaavasta Token testistä heikommat pisteet kuin kontrollinsa. MND-lapset erosivat myös merkitsevästi muista ennenaikaisina syntyneistä lapsista, terveistä ja CP-vammaisista, Token testillä mitattuna. Periventrikulaarisen leukomalasian (PVL) löydökset aivojen magneettikuvauksessa (MRI) eivät olleet yhteydessä suoriutumiseen kielellisissä testeissä. Vanhempien arvioiden perusteella LBW lapsilla oli enemmän ongelmia puheessa ja kielessä kuin normaalipainoisina (NBW, ≥ 2500 g) syntyneillä kahdeksan vuoden iässä. LBW-pojat olivat heikompia kielellisissä ja motorisissa taidoissa kuin NBW-pojat tai kummatkaan tyttöjen ryhmät. Tutkimuksen perusteella puheen ja kielellisten taitojen sekä motoriikan välillä oli selvä yhteys. Monimuuttujaisen logistisen regressioanalyysin perusteella matala syntymäpaino sekä tietyt sosiodemografiset tekijät, kuten äidin nuori ikä (20 - 24 v.), perheen yli neljän menevä lapsimäärä, uusperhe sekä kuulovika ja poikasukupuoli olivat lasten keskeisimpiä heikkoon puheen- ja kielenkehitykseen liittyviä riskitekijöitä 8 vuoden iässä riippumatta siitä, oliko analyysissa mukana neonataalikauden riskitekijä vai ei. Pienipainoisuus raskauden kestoon nähden oli myös riski heikolle puheen ja kielen kehitykselle. Ennenaikaisuus oli yhteydessä heikkoon puheen ja kielen kehitykseen, kun neonataalikauden riskitekijä poissuljettiin analyysista. Aivorunkoaudiometrian (BAEP) löydökset puolestaan eivät olleet yhteydessä kielenkehityksen ongelmiin. Tutkimuksen johtopäätöksenä voidaan esittää, että ennenaikaisina (&lt; 1750 g) syntyneillä ja LBW-lapsilla oli enemmän ongelmia kuin täysiaikaisina syntyneillä NBW-lapsilla puheen- ja kielenkehityksessään 8 vuoden iässä. Ongelmat puheen tuotossa ja erityisesti vastaanotossa olivat heillä yleisempiä sekä kliinisen tutkimuksen että vanhempien arvion perusteella. Visuaalisen hahmottamisen vaikeudet olivat tyypillisiä ennenaikaisina (&lt; 1750 g) syntyneille lapsille, mikä olisi hyvä huomioida myös puheterapiassa. Tutkimuksen perusteella ennenaikaisina syntyneiden MND-lasten kielenkehityksen tarkka ja säännöllinen seuranta on tärkeää. Vanhempien ja opettajien arviot ovat hyödyllinen lisä lasten puheen- ja kielenkehityksen tutkimuksessa. / Čoahkkáigeassu Davvisuopmelaš jagi 1985-86 riegadankohortta ovdaláigge ja menddo geahpasin riegádan mánáid hupman- ja giellaovdaneapmi dutkojuvvui go mánát ledje 8-jahkáččat. Álggos testejuvvojedje 42 riegádettiin vuollái 1750 g deaddán 8-jahkásaš máná ja sin 42 dievasáigge šaddan ja ≥2500g deaddán kontrollapára njeljiin giellateasttain, namalassii ITP:ain (Illinois Test of Psycolinguistic Abilities), Mánáid Toke-teasttain, Morfologiijateasttain ja Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-sátnerádjoteasttain (= PPTV). Kontrollapárat válljejuvvojedje seamma kohorttas ja dahkkojuvvojedje seammaláganin čuovvovaš áššiid ektui: ahki, sohkabealli,jumešvuohta,eatni skuvlejupmi,orrunbáiki,riegádanortnet ja bearaštiipa. Riegádankohortta menddo geahpasin (&lt; 2500) riegádan 8-jahkásaš mánáid (n = 279) gielalaš ja motora dáiddut dutkojuvvojedje dasa lassin váhnemiid ja oahpaheaddjiid árvvoštallamiid vuođul. Mánáid váhnemiin 8370 (90%) ja oahpaheaddjiin 8525 (92%) vástidedje jearahallamii. Bohtosat čájehedje, ahte ovdaláigge riedágan mánát ožžo statistihkalaččat mearkkašahtti heajut čuoggaid go sin kontrollapárat ITPA visuála bargguin. Heajos visuála návccain lei oktavuohta neonatála-áiggi infekšuvnnaide, alladeaddodikšui (CPAP) ja rabas váibmosutnii (PDA). Dasa lassin ovdaláigge riegádan mánát, geain ledje muhtun veardde neurologalaš doaibmanváttut(MND) ožžo Toke-teasttas, mainna mihtidit hupmama ipmirdeapmi,heajut čuoggáid go sin kontrollapárat. MND-mánát sierranedje maiddái mearkkašahtti veardde Toke-teasttas eará ovdaláigge riegádan mánáin, sihke dearvasiin ja CP-váttogiin. Periventikuláralaš leukomasiija (PVL) gávdnosiin ii lean oktavuohta gielalaš teasttain birgemii. Periventikuláralaš leukomasiija (PVL) gávdnosiin magnehtagovvideamis(MRI) ii lean oktavuohta gielalaš teasttain birgemii. Váhnemiid árvvoštallama mielde menddo geahpasin riegádan mánáin ledje eambbo váttisvuođat hupmamis go normáladeattogin riegádan mánáin. Menddo geahpasin riegádan bártnit ledje heajubut gielalaš ja ja motora dáidduid ektui go normáladeattogin riegádan bártnit dahje goabbáge nieddaid joavkkuin. Dutkamuša vuođul hupmama ja gielalaš dáidduid ja motoriikka gaskkas lea čielga oktavuohta. Logistihkalas regreššuvdna-analiissa,mas ledje máŋga rievdi, vuođul menddo geahppa riegádandeaddu ja dihto sosiodemográfalaš dahkkit, dego eatni ahki (20-24 j.), mánáid lohku > 4 bearrašis, ođđabearaš ja lossa gullu ja bárdnesohkabealli ledje mánáid deaháleamos heajos hupmama ja giela ovdaneami einnosteaddjit 8 jagi agis, fuolakeahttá das, leigo analiissas mielde neonatála-áiggi várradahkki vai ii. Menddo geahppa riegádandeaddu ohkeagi ektui lasihii maiddái vára ahte mánná hupmagoahtá heajut ja su giella ovdana funet. Ovdaláigge riegádeamis lei oktavuohta heajos hupmama ja giela ovdaneapmái, go neonatála-áigge várradahkki ii váldojuvvon vuhtii analiissas. BAEP-gávdnosiin ii lean fas lean oktavuohta giela heajos ovdaneapmái. Dutkamuša jurddaboađusin sáhttá buktit ovdan,ahte ovdaláigge ja menddo geahpasin riegádan mánáin ledje 8- jahkásažžan eambbo váttisvuođat hupmama ja giela ovdaneamis go ollesáigge ja normáladeattogin riegádan mánáin. Maiddái hupmama ipmirdeamis ledje eambbo váttisvuođat. Heajos visuála návccat ledje sidjiide mihtilmaččat ja dan galggašii váldit vuhtii maid hupmanterapiijas.Dutkamuša vuođul MND-mánáid giellaovdaneami dárkilit ja regulára čuovvun lea deahálaš. Váhnemiid ja oahpaheaddjiid árvvoštallamat sáhttet leat ávkkalaččat mánáid hupmama ja giela ovdameami dutkamis.

The aim of this thesis is to explore sports activities of older school-age children in Příbram. It lists local sports clubs which are available to children and examines their history and the quality of the services they offer. A survey was conducted in order to determine the percentage of older school-age students actively engaging in sports, which sports club they chose, and why. The students who don't participate in sport activities were questioned on whether it's because of an absence of a preferred sport in Příbram or due to other reasons, e.g. lack of interest. Key words Příbram, sports activities, older school-age children , sports clubs, leisure time, sport

Leisure center The main task of the master thesis is to design a new leisure center in Vyškov. The building is divided into the two parts. The main part has two floors with reception, entrance hall, classrooms, offices, a utility and boiler room, a dance or theatre hall, a changing room, and a toilet. The second part includes sports hall. The load-bearing walls are designed from Porotherm ceramic blocks with external thermal insulation composite system. Floor structure are designed from reinforced concrete. The main building has a flat roof, the sports has a saw roof structure. Envelope walls are insulated with ETICS. The building will be heated by a condensing boiler. It will have mechanical ventilation, integrated photovoltaic panels on the roof of sports hall to reduce electricity consumption and LED lighting. The theoretical part is to design an operating rule of the building. The operating rules are part of the facility management, which takes care of ensuring ideal conditions for the development of the main activities of the leisure center.