It is the purpose of this study to present three units for the instruction of certain aspects of color by using the techniques of audio-visual education which utilize the school stage as a laboratory. The study demonstrates how a stage and its apparatus become an audio-visual tool that the teacher may not hope to duplicate in the classroom.

In school today pupils come in contact with all kinds of reading books. Education of Swedish reading development sometimes contain reading books organized at different levels of difficulty, with different amount of text. The purpose of the different difficulty levels is to give the less skilled readers an easier book and stronger readers a more difficult book. The purpose with this study is to find out if the book which is classified as more difficult, in reality is the most difficult and if the book which is considered to be easier really is. To find answers to these questions I will examine previous researcher’s theories on difficulty levels in reading books. This is tested in the analytical part by counting the proportion of nouns, compound nouns, main clauses and sub-clauses. The texts are analyzed using LIX-and-OVIX to find out the level of difficulty. The books examined in this study are two reading books aimed at pupils in second year of elementary school.

This longitudinal multiple methods study used an ethnographic approach to examine the development of early adolescents' psychology during pubertal and school transitions. It explored potential associations between attitudes to school, perceptions of school life and transfer, home and peer relations, and puberty over the course of a school year. It compared two groups of UK 11 and 12 year olds (Year 7), one in a middle school (age range 8-13 years) without transfer at age 11, and the other in a secondary school (11-16 years) where transfer from primary school had just occurred. Pupil attitudes to school were surveyed across the Year 7 cohort in each school at the beginning (N=252) and end (N=262) of the school year. The initial survey facilitated selection of two matched groups of target pupils (N=20) who were engaged in an active participation method designed to improve validity. Data on perceptions of school and growing up were gathered in 80 interviews, 40 audio diaries, 42 hours of participant observation and by 63 targeted observations across three school terms. An end of year survey assessed the attitudes of the target pupils and their year groups. Qualitative data were analysed inductively using grounded theory coding procedures which uncovered early adolescent needs that mismatched with many design features of secondary schooling. Of particular developmental offence were impersonal teachers and lessons that were non-practical, without opportunity for independent learning and unsupervised skills building and that were irrelevant to adolescents' career identities. Analysis of the quantitative survey data using multivariate procedures identified attitudinal factors congruent with previous research. Overall attitude to school was best predicted by perceptions of teachers and enjoyment of lessons rather than by adolescent developmental factors. Cluster analysis identified four pupil types validated by the target pupil findings. Of these the autonomy seekers had the most freedom outside of school and the greatest decline in attitudes across the year. The findings assisted generation of new theory incorporating concepts of maturity status markers and focal contexts. School transfer was found to impel an ecological transition across multiple developmental contexts which increased pupils' maturity self-perceptions, yielding mixed developmental implications. Using Bronfenbrenner's (1979) ecological systems framework as an analytical tool facilitated interpretation of the emergent themes in relation to Eccles & Midgley's (1989) US-based theory of 'Stage-Environment Fit'. The findings support the application of a modified Stage-Environment Fit theory in English schools.

Objetivo: Describir las vivencias de adultos jóvenes que fueron víctimas de bullying en la etapa escolar. Método: Estudio de tipo cualitativo de diseño fenomenológico, cuya muestra estuvo comprendida por diez sujetos de edades entre 23 a 27 años elegidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo cadena. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una ficha sociodemográfica y una entrevista semi-estructurada. Resultados: Fueron identificados tres aspectos importantes dentro de sus vivencias: las experiencias a las que estuvieron expuestas las víctimas durante la etapa de bullying, las emociones que surgían a raíz del contexto de agresiones y las conductas que llevaron a cabo como respuesta al abuso. Conclusiones: El conocimiento acerca del bullying ayuda a visibilizar y entender el proceso por el que pasan las víctimas, brindando resultados que ayudan a proporcionar relevancia al fenómeno. Pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuáles fueron las vivencias de adultos jóvenes que fueron víctimas de bullying en la etapa escolar? / Objective: To describe the experiences of young adults who were victims of bullying at school. Method: A qualitative study of phenomenological design, the sample of which was comprised of ten subjects aged from 23 to 27 years, chosen by a non-probabilistic chain-type sampling. The instruments used were a sociodemographic record and a semi-structured interview. Results: three important aspects were identified within their experiences: the experiences to which the victims were exposed during the bullying stage, the emotions that arose as a result of the aggression context and the behaviors they carried out in response to the abuse. Conclusions: Knowledge about bullying helps to make visible and understand the process victims go through, providing results that help provide relevance to the phenomenon. Research question: What were the experiences of young adults who were victims of bullying at school? / Tesis

Syftet med denna studie är att genom kvalitativa intervjuer ta reda på hur fem musiklärare i grundskolan beskriver sin roll och erfarenhet av att leda och genomföra elevers sceniska framställningar. Resultatet visar att förutsättningarna mellan skolor varierar i hög utsträckning. För tre av fem lärare utgjorde det nyligen borttagna ämnet elevens val stommen för arbete med showverksamheten. Skolledarens inställning och sätt att prioritera pekas ut som avgörande för att skapa nödvändiga förutsättningar. Lärarna ser skillnader från den ordinarie undervisningen i ökat elevinflytande över processen och innehållet och således den handledande roll de själva tar. Samtliga lärare hittar stöd i styrdokumenten för att berättiga verksamheten och lyfter flera aspekter av nytta den har för eleverna sett till det akademiska, sociala, personliga och yrkeslivsförberedande. / The purpose of this study is to find out through interviews how five Swedish compulsory school music teachers describe their role and experience of managing and working with stage performances. Results show that conditions vary greatly between schools. Three out of five teachers were heavily dependent on pupil’s choice – a recently removed selective subject that enabled pupils to deepen and broaden their knowledge in one or more subjects – for organizing and managing such activities. School administrators’ attitude and ways of prioritizing are pointed out as crucial for creating the necessary conditions. Teachers observe higher levels of student democracy regarding the process and the content and thus also notice a change in their own role toward tutors rather than teachers. All teachers find support in the curriculum in order to justify these activities and mention several aspects of value they have for their pupils, such as academical, social, personal, as well as preparatory for their future careers.