This diploma thesis describes comparison of free-time activities of children according to school age. The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine and evaluate the influence of parents on the choice of free-time activities and preferences of activities within the age. The teoretical part introduces definitions of terms related to this topic and also introduces individual possibilities of extracurricular activities and extracurricular education. The practical part will be elaborated in the form of a questionnaire survey and in the end supplemented by my own observation for comparison of parents' influence with the questionnaire survey.

In this study we examine the experience of working with a two-sided assignment as a leisure time teacher. The dual profession involves teaching a subject during school hours and working during the afternoon hours in the school-age educare center. By using interview as a qualitative method, we interview five teachers with subject qualification, who either actively work, or have worked, in both fields. The purpose of this study aims to explore the role of being a school-age educare teacher with subject qualifications and the possibilities and challenges they may come across in their daily work. We aim to answer three questions: which prerequisites do school-age educare teachers think are needed to be able to work with both assignments? What possibilities and challenges occur with a dual profession? How does a dual profession function during daily work? The results show that school-age educare teachers are positive towards the dual profession and that the many challenges are manageable with the right requisites. The results are analyzed by using new-institutional theory and concepts from frame factor theory. Our conclusion is that this dual profession takes a toll on the school-age educare teacher and demands a lot of their energy, but enough proper requisites can provide for a safer, better teaching environment among the pupils and teachers. / I denna studie undersöker vi upplevelserna hos lärare i fritidshem med en dubbel yrkesroll. Den dubbla yrkesrollen innefattar undervisning i ett skolämne under skoltimmarna och undervisning på fritidshemmet under eftermiddagstid. Genom intervju som kvalitativ metod intervjuar vi fem lärare med ämnesbehörighet, som antingen aktivt arbetar med, eller tidigare har arbetat, inom båda verksamheterna. Syftet med studien är att undersöka den dubbla yrkesrollen hos lärare i fritidshem och potentiella möjligheter och utmaningar som dessa möter i sitt arbete. Vi avser besvara följande tre frågeställningar: vilka förutsättningar anser lärare i fritidshem att de behöver för att uppfylla uppdragen? Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar uppstår med en dubbel yrkesroll? Hur fungerar den dubbla yrkesrollen i praktiken? Resultatet visar att lärare i fritidshem ställer sig till stor del positiva till den dubbla yrkesrollen och att utmaningarna, om än många, är hanterbara med rätt förutsättningar. Det empiriska materialet analyseras med nyinstitutionell teori samt begrepp ur ramfaktorteorin. Vår slutsats är att den dubbla yrkesrollen är utmanande för lärare i fritidshem och kräver mycket av deras energi, men med rätt förutsättningar och ett professionellt engagemang kan arbetet göras mer hanterbart och bidra till bättre och tryggare undervisningsmiljöer för både elever och lärare.

The aim of this study was to examine differences and associations concerning physical activity and cognitive functioning among children born preterm in comparison to those born full term. The sample consisted of 130 children at early school age (mean = 7.8 years), born at a gestational age (GA) of 23 - 42 weeks, and categorized into three groups; children born full term (GA 39 - 42), moderately preterm (GA 34 – 36) and very preterm (GA 23 - 33). Physical activities were perceived from parents’ ratings by use of the Child behaviour checklist (CBCL), and cognitive functioning by WISC-IV. Results showed that children born moderately preterm performed comparable to children born full term, both regarding physical activity ratings and cognitive performance. Children born very preterm were found to have significantly poorer full scale IQ, lower physical performance, fewer sport activities, and were less lateralized, in comparison to both children born full term and those born moderately preterm. Conclusion: a very preterm birth seems to generate long-term effects on physical activities, sport performance and cognitive functioning. Thus, more focus should be paid to children born at a very low GA to identify early deviations and to provide interventions to improve cognitive functioning and enhance physical performance; also in contexts other than sport activities. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka skillnader och samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och kognitivt fungerande inom gruppen för tidigt födda barn och i jämförelse med fullgångna barn. Urvalet bestod av 130 barn i tidig skolålder (medel = 7.8 år), födda i gestationsålder (GA) mellan 23 – 42 veckor kategoriserade i tre grupper; fullgångna barn (GA 39 – 42), moderat förtidigt födda (GA 34 – 36) och mycket förtidigt födda (GA 23 – 33). Fysisk aktivitet undersöktes utifrån föräldrars skattning genom användande av Child behaviour checklist (CBCL) och kognitivt fungerande utifrån WISC-IV. Resultaten visade att de moderat för tidigt födda barnen presterade jämförbart med de fullgångna barnen både vad beträffar fysisk aktivitet och kognitivt fungerande. De mycket för tidigt födda barnen visade sig ha signifikant sämre fullskale-IQ, lägre sportsliga prestationer, färre antal sporter och var mindre lateraliserade, jämfört med både de fullgångna barnen och de moderat förtidigt födda. Slutsats: en mycket förtidig födsel tycks generera långvariga effekter på fysiska aktiviteter, sportsliga prestationer och kognitivt fungerande. Således bör större fokus läggas på barn födda med en mycket låg GA för att identifiera tidiga avvikelser och tillhandahålla interventioner för att förbättra kognitivt fungerande och stimulera/förhöja fysiska prestationer; även i andra kontexter än sportsliga aktiviteter.

Purpose: This study examines potential cross-linguistic effects on accuracy of codas in newly learned English-like nonwords produced by bilingual Spanish-English-speaking children. Methods: Forty-two bilingual Spanish-English-speaking second-graders (age 7-9) were matched individually with monolingual peers on age (+/- 6 months), sex, and percentile score on the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA-2; Goldman & Fristoe, 2000), and matched for group on mother's level of education. Participants named various sea monsters as part of computerized word-learning games. Sixteen syllable-final coda consonants were analyzed for accuracy. These were drawn from thirteen nonwords distributed across five word-learning tasks. Results: Bilingual children were less accurate than monolingual children in production of both shared and unshared codas, though the gap was greater for unshared codas. Both bilingual and monolingual children were more accurate in production of shared codas than unshared codas. Conclusion: The results suggest that native language phonotactics influence accuracy of coda production in bilingual Spanish-English-speaking school-age children during word learning. Influences of native phonology on word learning could potentially impact academic achievement through vocabulary learning in the classroom.

Syftet med vår studie är att undersöka hur pedagoger uppfattar entreprenöriellt lärande i grundskola och fritidshem.  Anledningen till att vi valt att forska kring pedagogers uppfattningar och erfarenheter om entreprenörskap och entreprenöriellt lärande, som också är vårt syfte med studien, är att vi läst i styrdokument att det är viktigt att arbeta med entreprenöriella förmågor i skolan men inte erfarit hur ett sådant arbete kan se ut eller märkt av att andra skolor arbetar med det. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod och en fenomenologisk ansats har vi därför samlat in datainformation om pedagogers erfarenheter och upplevelser kring entreprenöriellt lärande i skola och fritidshem. Vi genomförde parintervjuer för att värdera den sociala interaktionen vi märkte under en pilotintervju, samt att pedagogerna skulle kunna hjälpas åt med att berätta om deras upplevelser och erfarenheter kring entreprenöriellt lärande. Resultatet visar på att pedagogerna delar samma uppfattningar om vad begreppet innebär, nämligen att det är svårdefinierat samt att det handlar om andra förmågor och kompetenser än vad de vanliga skolämnena kräver, även fast arbetet ser olika ut på olika skolor och fritidshem. Samtliga pedagoger tycker även att detta är viktigt att arbeta med trots att det finns många saker runtomkring som påverkar arbetet med entreprenöriellt lärande, som till exempel tidsbrist, brist på kunskap om begreppet samt att många utav de skolor som pedagogerna arbetar på har bestämt att pedagogerna ska gå olika fortbildningar för att utveckla verksamheten på olika sätt. Något som vi har kommit fram till under studiens gång är att skolans roll inte endast är att utveckla elevernas kunskaper inom de olika ämnena, utan skolan har även i uppgift att förbereda eleverna inför livet efter skolan som ansvarsfulla medborgare, att lära för livet.

The problem of this study consists of two phases: 1) to determine the relationship of a) sociometric status, and b) mental health, to intellectual level in a selected sample of sixth-grade children who entered school before the age of six; and 2) to determine the relationship of a) sociometric status, b) mental health, and c) attitudes toward school to the school entrance age in a selected sample of intellectually superior fifth and sixth-grade children who entered school at different ages.

1 Abstrakt v angličtině The target of my work is to prove the functionality of the composed programme developing the take-off skills in children of early school age. The work comprises of 24 instruction sheets of work out, which may be used in lessons of physical education. This instruction set compiles of initial warm up, dynamic stretching, muscle and strength building, and finally practise. All work out phases are adjusted to children of early school age. The work out was piloted by the experimental group of 5th graders of one Prague elementary school. The data was collected twice a week for the period of three months. The indicator of the successful performance was the results of motor skill test of long jump with both legs. All the data has been collected by gathering and meassuring of childrens' weight, height, and performance. Each tested child performed the long jump three times and the best performance was selected. For the period of three months the experimental group of children was following the designed work out in order to improve their take-off skills. Contrary, the children in the second peer group followed the regular instruction of their form teacher. In three months time the children from the experimental group as well as the children from the second group were tested again. The results...

1 Abstract: This diploma thesis deals with the role of a book in a preschool child's family. The aim of the theoretical part is to point out the importance of a book reading to a pre-school child in a family and also to point out the importance of books, the position of children's literature in the multimedia world. The theoretical part also deals with the description of different kinds of books a child of this age may encounter and also with the demands on children's literature. Practical part deals with the interpretation of data gained through research lead in a form of half-structured interviews of a parent with a pre-school-age child. The survey observes books in a family in three areas: Book and the parent's own childhood, Current situation in adulthood and Current situation with the parent's own child. Emphasis is put especially on the situation with the parent's own child focused on the work with a book as a means of education, on the child's interest in books and reading, on the child's and parent's book choice and their library attendance. Key words: pre-school age, book, reading

This academic work deals with children who are school age or younger school age and their interest in skiing and snowboarding. It tries to expose the reason of decreasing attendance at ski courses offered by schools. The research made by questionnaire shows that most of the children attending lower grades of elementary schools do some sport. They would also like to attend the ski course but they often listed finances as the obstacle. The results of interviews made with teachers of elementary schools and high schools display that only the children who had experienced winter sports either before entering elementary school or soon after entering school want to participate. This work considers as important placing the ski courses at the first grade of the elementary schools. The number of children interested in winter sports would increase. More of them would consider participating at ski courses that help raising the physical and mental condition. Keywords: younger school age, physical activities, snowboarding, skiing

Possibilities of long jump training options at the lower primary level The degree work is concerned with possibilities of long jump teaching in young learners classes. The theoretical part of the work pays attention to child's personality, his progress and motor skills. Teaching athletics in Physical Education lessons in Primary Schools is described in the work.The attention is paid on history, profile , segmentation and long jump technique. In the degree work, in the purpose of an experiment, there was made a methodical progression and its effect was checked. Key words: athletics, long jump technique, Physical Education, methodology, young learners, physical exercise skills, safety.