Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:54:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Lucia Pacheco Duarte dos Santos.pdf: 492629 bytes, checksum: 8642310675425f8be157bf66890c871c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-15 / This research is the result of an investigation held with the evening basic education students of Educação de Jovens e Adultos EJA from a school located in a town named Aparecida de Goiânia-Goiás, to understand the main question of this paper: What is the meaning of schooling to the EJA students? We discussed the dynamic from the school practice, and also the expectations from those young and adult students according to the precepts of the Vygotsky historical cultural approach. The Political- Pedagogic Projects from Colégio Campo were analyzed and also the actions that guide the work developed in this school during the learning process of those citizens. Later, an empiric investigation was held by means of a semi-structured interview, with eighteen young and adult students from EJA, from different grades. The questionnaire about the students profile also contributed in this dynamic, and the intriguing points of observation. In the school, was observed the efforts of the educators and theorist, to cover the dimension of the complexity in this modality of education, that is reasoned in the construction of a fairer society. The EJA proposal oriented to the school is based on the principles of a liberating education and has the goal to contribute with the formation of the person in his/her totality. The study reveals, among other things, that the organization of the school takes into account the specifications of the students from EJA, and also, the recognition and relevance of the school and its possibilities to professionalization. / Este estudo é o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com os alunos do Ensino Fundamental noturno da Educação de Jovens e Adultos EJA. A proposta de investigação é compreender qual o significado que os jovens e adultos de uma escola Estadual do Município de Aparecida de Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, atribuem ao processo de escolarização. Saber quem são esses jovens e adultos que frequentam esta modalidade de ensino e o que esperam da escola são questões que nortearam o desenvolvimento da pesquisa amparada nos aportes teóricos de autores como Abramo (1997), Aquino (2000), Durand; Sousa (2002), Spósito (1997, 2005), Spósito e Carrano (2003), Freire (1981, 1987, 2001) que abordam temas relacionados ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Optou-se pela pesquisa qualitativa por ser considerada, atualmente, a mais pertinente quando se trata da compreensão dos fenômenos educacionais. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de agosto de 2009 a março de 2010. Para a obtenção dos dados, foram empregados procedimentos e observações que evidenciaram alguns motes resultado do tema pesquisado. Para interpretar os significados atribuídos pelos jovens e adultos ao processo de escolarização, foi feita a análise das entrevistas com o propósito de historicizar as experiências escolares dos indivíduos participantes do estudo. Dessa forma, a diálogo teve a intenção de elucidar os significados atribuídos ao processo de escolarização que está fundamentado nos princípios da educação libertadora, contribuindo assim, com a formação do sujeito em sua totalidade, conforme explicitada no PPP da escola. No que concerne ao significado da escolarização, as análises evidenciaram posições e ações que permitiram maiores reflexões e redimencionamento acerca da educação de jovens e adultos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicole Reys Bilbao.pdf: 404244 bytes, checksum: 27ac34f4456fc7b585282613e41ee1b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation have the objective to know the meaning of schooling for high school students. As methodology for the analysis this subject was chosen the Case Study methodolgy and a peripheral Public State School in the city of Osasco, located in the metropolitan Region of São Paulo. The study counts on four lines of analysis, that cross at the end with an analytical synthesis. The first one goes through general considerations of high school, trying to characterize the legislation about the educational process of high school in the state of São Paulo. The second one shows the Case of using educational tools in the selected school, its operation, locating it in the place where it operates. On the third axis is made a theoretical analysis about the family influence on the schooling process, since the education of children and teenagers is their responsibility. The fourth axis tells the educational path of families, dealing with perspectives and expectations about the meaning of schooling of their children. Last, all the results shows some possible ways to solve conflicting situations between the dimensions of education for the case study. Therefore, were conducted bibliographic surveys, analysis of content, systematic observation, participant observation, semistructured interviews, depth interviews and narrative interviews with students, school management, school coordination, teachers and student's families / Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer o sentido da escolarização por alunos do Ensino Médio. Optou-se como metodologia para a analise deste tema o Estudo de Caso , tendo sido selecionada uma Escola Pública Estadual Periférica no Município de Osasco, da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A pesquisa conta com quatro eixos de análise, que se cruzam ao final com uma síntese analítica. O primeiro passa por considerações gerais sobre o Ensino Médio, procurando caracterizar a legislação referente ao processo educacional do Ensino Médio no Estado de São Paulo. O segundo apresenta o caso da utilização dos instrumentos educacionais na escola selecionada, seu funcionamento, localizando-a no espaço em que se insere. No terceiro eixo é feita uma análise teórica a respeito da influência da família no processo de escolarização, já que a educação de crianças e adolescentes é de sua responsabilidade. O quarto eixo narra a trajetória educacional de famílias, lidando com perspectivas e expectativas quanto ao sentido da escolarização de seus filhos. Por último, o conjunto dos resultados nos mostra alguns caminhos possíveis para a conciliação de situações conflitantes entre as dimensões da educação para o caso estudado. Para tanto, foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos, análise de conteúdo, observação sistemática, observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas, entrevistas em profundidade e entrevistas narrativas, realizadas com alunos, direção da escola, coordenação de curso, professores e com famílias de estudantes

Esta pesquisa busca contemplar um aspecto pouco explorado no campo educacional brasileiro ao abordar os sentidos, as repercussões e as marcas que experiências de consecutivas reprovações escolares no início da escolarização imprimem à trajetória escolar e à história de vida dos indivíduos. Para isso, partiu-se dos quatro estudos de caso apresentados por Maria Helena Souza Patto na obra A produção do fracasso escolar: histórias de submissão e rebeldia. Como se desdobraram as histórias escolares e de vida dessas pessoas? Como lidaram com a experiência de fracasso ao longo da escolarização? Que lugar a escola ocupou na vida dessas pessoas? Tendo essas questões como ponto de partida, a investigação envolveu pesquisa empírica e ampla revisão bibliográfica. Essa última contemplou análise do periódico Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos no período de 1991 a 2008 sobre o tema do fracasso escolar, além de outras obras de referência sobre o tema. O trabalho de campo foi realizado em um bairro na cidade de São Paulo constando de três etapas principais: 1) localização dos sujeitos; 2) realização de visitas domiciliares para realização de entrevistas (com e sem gravação) com roteiros semiestruturados e elaboração de registros ampliados sobre as visitas; 3) análise dos registros ampliados e das transcrições das entrevistas. Os procedimentos metodológicos exigiram o desenvolvimento de estratégias variadas para localização das quatro pessoas envolvidas, após mais de 25 anos do estudo inicial; desde contatos com antigos moradores, associações locais, diretoria de ensino e escola, até buscas em sítios na internet. As análises dos registros e das entrevistas tiveram como aporte teórico autores que trabalham com história oral e pesquisa (auto)biográfica e apontam para trajetórias escolares que tomaram direções bastante distintas. Percebemos que as vivências escolares não determinaram de modo linear os rumos da vida de nossos entrevistados. Suas trajetórias são frutos de uma complexa combinação que envolve relações e vivências com pessoas e instituições, inclusive escolares, que são interpretadas como (im)possibilidades de apoio ou incentivo. Situações por vezes imponderáveis, que resultam das relações com o mundo, com os outros e consigo mesmo. A vida é, portanto, perpassada por uma multiplicidade de pertencimentos e interferências; cada sujeito se constitui a partir dessa complexidade de relações com diversos grupos sociais e culturais. Desse modo, a escola mostrou-se, na visão dos próprios indivíduos, como uma das instituições que os compõem, dentre tantas outras. / This research looks into a little explored aspect of the Brazilian educational field by dealing with the meanings, the repercussions, and the marks that repeated experiences of school failure at the start of school life leave on the individual\'s school trajectory and life history. To such end, the work starts from the four case studies described by Maria Helena Souza Patto in her A produção do fracasso escolar: histórias de submissão e rebeldia [The production of school failure: histories of submission and rebellion]. How have these people\'s school, and life, histories unfolded? How have they dealt with the experience of school failure throughout their school lives? What place did the school occupy in their lives? Prompted by these questions, the investigation included an empirical study and a wide bibliographical survey. The latter part involved an analysis of the Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos [Brazilian Journal of Pedagogical Studies] in the 1991-2008 period on the theme of school failure, in addition to other reference works on this topic. The fieldwork was conducted in a borough of the City of São Paulo, and comprised three stages: 1) locating the subjects; 2) visiting their homes to conduct the interviews (with and without voice recording) based on semi-structured scripts, and preparation of extended records of the visits; 3) analysis of the extended records and of the transcriptions of the interviews. The methodological procedures required developing different strategies to locate the four individuals involved after more than 25 years of the initial investigation; from contacts with long-term residents of the area, local associations, and education directorship and schools, to searches in websites. Theory-wise the analyses of the records and interviews were based on authors that work with oral history and(auto)biographical research, and point to school trajectories that took quite distinct directions. It was possible to observe that the school experiences did not determine in a linear fashion the life paths of the interviewees. Their trajectories resulted from a complex combination involving relationships and experiences with people and institutions, including school-related ones, which are interpreted as (im)possibilities for support or incentive. Situations sometimes imponderable, that result from relations with the world, with other people and with themselves. Life is, therefore, filled by a multiplicity of instances of belonging and interferences, each subject constitutes him/herself from such complex of relationships with various social and cultural groups. In this way, the school turned out to be, in the individuals\' own view, one among the many institutions that concurred to build them.

No description available.

During the past 40 years, the U.S. homeschooling population rose exponentially. The results of homeschooling need to be studied further so that parents, legislators, and higher education leaders can make prudent and well-informed decisions regarding homeschooled students. No studies have been completed that focus on the unique experiences of homeschooled women as they transition to college in terms of academics, forming new relationships, and individuating from their families. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore academic and relational processes during the transition to college. In this qualitative dissertation based on constructivist design and in the conceptual framework of feminist essentialism, 11 female second- and third-year college students who were homeschooled for all of high school were chosen using criterion sampling. NVivo software was employed for data analysis using Moustakas' modification of the Van Kaam method of data analysis. Findings for this study were, a) homeschooled women felt substantially similar to traditionally schooled students in terms of academics and relationships, and b) homeschooled women felt as though they were raised in a different culture, but they felt equally or slightly more capable academically, more self-directed in their studies, and closer to their families than their traditionally schooled peers did. The results of this study may contribute to positive social change by helping parents, legislators, and college professionals empower homeschooled college women by altering curriculum, by developing supportive programs and policies to help homeschooled women transition to college, and by understanding how to tailor college programs and classes to maximally benefit homeschooled women.

Using a three-essay approach, I focus on two issues related to the labor market: the effect of changes in regulatory costs on informal sector employment, and the role of endogeneity in the relationship between education and earnings. In the first essay, I analyze the implications of regulatory costs on skill-based wage differences and informal sector employment. I use a two sector matching model with exogenous skill types for workers where firms have sector-specific costs and workers have sector-specific bargaining power. In general, there are multiple equilibria possible for this model. I focus on the equilibrium that best resembles the situation in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia. My results show that government policies which reduce regulatory costs decrease unemployment, earnings inequality, and the fraction of skilled workers in the informal sector. The different types of regulatory costs affect the skill premium differently and non-monotonically. In the second essay, I test the hypothesis of linearity in returns to education in the Mincer regression with endogenous schooling and earnings. I estimate the marginal rate of return to education using a polynomial model and a semiparametric partial linear model based on the standard Mincer regression. To perform the analysis, I use a control function approach for IV estimation with spousal and parental education as instruments. Results suggest that estimates not accounting for endogeneity understate returns at the tails of the education spectrum and overstate returns for education levels between middle-school and college. In the third essay, I empirically test the claim of Mookherjee and Ray (2010), based on a theoretical model of skill complexity, that "the return to human capital is endogenously nonconcave." I estimate the functional form of returns to education for India using a semiparametric partial linear model based on the standard Mincer regression. Marginal returns are estimated to test the nonconcavity of the functional form under both exogenous and endogenous schooling assumptions. My results show that the marginal rate of return declines during primary education and increases until high school, followed by stable returns for college and higher studies. However, the test of robustness of the functional form based on uniform confidence bands fails to reject the presence of nonconcavity in returns to education for India. This lends support to the claim of Mookherjee and Ray (2010).

Latino students are at risk for poor social and academic outcomes in American schools, yet contextual models for understanding this risk have been elusive. Considerable research has attempted to understand the relation between the ethnic composition of schools and outcomes for Latino students, with inconsistent findings. It was hypothesized that school ethnic composition would be differentially related to outcomes in this population of students, depending on other school contextual factors. Using secondary data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), the present study examined individual and school-level moderators of the slopes of same-ethnicity representation (i.e., the percentage of same-ethnicity peers) and ethnic diversity predicting feelings of school belonging and the odds of high school completion among Latino youths. The results illustrate moderation of the slopes of ethnic composition variable depending on the socioeconomic status (SES) of schools as well as the extent of academic tracking. In low SES schools, same-ethnicity representation was positively related to both outcomes (belonging and completion) when academic tracking was low. In high SES schools, the slope of same-ethnicity representation predicting the odds of high school completion was negative under conditions of low ethnic diversity. Diversity was itself positively associated with high school completion across contexts, yet this relation was moderated by SES at the student level. Specifically, the association between diversity and completion diminished as student SES decreased, relative to the mean SES of students in a school. Altogether, the results suggest that conditions associated with reduced inequality among students, namely low systemic strain (higher SES) and low academic tracking, are related to more positive associations between both same-ethnicity representation and diversity, and social and academic outcomes for Latino students. Future research is advised to consider the intersection of school ethnic composition with other aspects of the school context as well as with characteristics of individual students.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / In this dissertation, Van Davy makes a case for a cohesive system of schools which can serve the public — both the national interest and individual interests — while directly addressing the current national schooling system’s failure: * to replace, for the entire student cohort...high levels of student boredom with high interest and engaging curriculum and pedagogy; * to replace, for low SES and indigenous students...low levels of learning outcomes, low enrolment levels in senior schooling, and only brief experience of curriculum choice with a curriculum paradigm providing intrinsic value, understanding of pathways from disempowerment to empowerment, curriculum choice from the earliest years, and schooling outcomes which, over time, equal those of the national cohort of students * to replace a citizenry divided in its support for public, church-based, and exclusionary schools with a community united in its support for a socially agreed set of social purposes for schooling and a new curriculum paradigm, one half of which is generated by this set of social purposes * to address a major political issue: social cohesion The proposed new and cohesive system of schools is envisaged to meet the needs - both Common Good and Individual Good - of the citizenry. It will grow from an earlier and pre-requisite national social agreement around a set of political goals which together sketch a preferred future society - these political goals in the hands of education specialists will generate an "essential" curriculum as one of two elements in a new two-tiered curriculum to be followed from the earliest until the latest years of schooling. The second element, occupying the other half of the curriculum from the earliest to the latest years of schooling, will be an elective curriculum designed to encourage all students to pursue their own interests in as much depth as desired. Studies of sectarian studies will be included in the elective curriculum. Davy’s analysis ranges across a number of disciplines, fusing together a number of viewpoints: historical, political theory, educational performance, and educational theory. It searches Australia’s schooling outcomes, identifies low SES and Aboriginal outcomes as major areas of failure, and challenges a number of widely accepted schooling practices. In the process, Davy discovers OECD and ACER data, but little official interest or analysis, concerning widespread boredom amongst Australia’s students. He argues that, in respect of both low SES students and student boredom, system responsibilities such as the nature of Australia’s curriculum, could be just as implicated as concerns for “teacher quality.” Davy’s interest extends beyond the purely educational. He examines the purposes that public and non-public school authorities articulate, as well as reasons parents give for enrolling their children in schools. From this research Davy identifies several issues and suggests that very considerable “choice” in schooling could be found in a different curriculum paradigm, and that both public and non-public schools are deficient when measured against widely-accepted concerns for religious freedom, social cohesion, and fundamental democratic principles. For Davy, a major political issue confronting Australia is the national imperative of “social cohesion.” He searches Australia’s schooling history for evidence of any social agreement around the social purposes of schooling, including more recent attempts to formulate “essential" and “new basics” and “national” curriculum. He concludes that while many educators, and the OECD, refer to the need for a pre-requisite set of social purposes that outline a preferred future society, the politics of schooling has not permitted this to eventuate and, given the absence of this management fundamental, “it is not surprising that schooling systems are shaped by internal logics (ideologies, religions, personalities, internal politics, quest for advantage and/or privilege) rather than wider concerns for the shape of the globe’s and nation’s future, and the advancement of the twins: Common Good and Individual Good.” With these problems laid bare — low SES and indigenous outcomes, student boredom, and social cohesion — Davy addresses all three simultaneously. He draws confidence from contemporary political theorists proposing political processes which engage the public in a “deliberative democracy.” He constructs a surrogate “foundation of agreed principles” which, he deduces, the processes of deliberative democracy might lead the Australian people to construct, then outlines a step-by-step means by which these principles can generate an essential curriculum for all Australian children, while encouraging a full range of choice within an elective stream. The political processes of open collaboration throughout civil society which produces the social agreement may produce a new political context. This new, less adversarial and more trusting political context is seen to be fertile ground for the replacement of Australia’s fractured schooling system with a cohesive schooling system for the Australian public — an Australian schooling system — to be managed nationally.

While home schooling is by no means a new phenomenon, the last three decades have seen an increasing trend in the engagement of this educational alternative. In many countries, including Australia, a growing number of families are opting to remove their children from the traditional schooling system for numerous reasons and educate them at home. In response to the recent home schooling movement a research base in this area of education has emerged. However, the majority of research has been undertaken primarily in the United States of America and the United Kingdom, with very few studies having examined home schooling in Australia. The existing corpus of research is also relatively small and incomplete. Also, certain categories of home schoolers and the processes involved in their undertaking of this modern version of a historically enduring educational alternative have been overlooked. In particular, children with disabilities appear to be one of the home schooling groups that have attracted very little research world wide. This group constituted the focus of the study reported in this thesis. Its particular concern was with generating theory regarding how parents deal with educating their children with intellectual disabilities from a home base over a period of one year. Data gathering was largely carried out through individual, face-to-face semi-structured interviewing and participant observation in the interpretivist qualitative research tradition. However, informal interviews, telephone interviews and documents were also used to gather supplementary data for the study. Data were coded and analysed using the open coding method of the grounded theory model and through the development and testing of propositions. The central research question which guided theory generation was as follows: 'How do parents within the Perth metropolitan area in the state of Western Australia deal with educating their children with intellectual disabilities from a home base over a period of one year?' The central proposition of the theory generated is that parents do so through progressive modification and that this involves them progressing through three stages over a period of one year. The first stage is designated the stage of drawing upon readily-available resources. The second stage is designated the stage of drawing upon support networks in a systematic fashion. The third stage is designated the stage of proceeding with confidence on the basis of having a set of principles for establishing a workable pattern of home schooling individualised for each circumstance. This theory provides a new perspective on how parents deal with the home schooling of their children with intellectual disabilities over a period of one year. A number of implications for further theory development, policy and practice are drawn from it. Several recommendations for further research are also made.

This dissertation presents the results of a study to assess the impact of a stress management, a self-development, and a relaxation technique on the quality of school life and attendance of 448 Year 5 and 6 students in 16 classes at 4 Lower Hunter Valley primary schools in New South Wales, Australia, in 2000. The importance of contextualising student quality of school life as a key indicator of school effectiveness and measure of school improvement is also argued. The Quality of School Life questionnaire (Ainley & Bourke, 1992) scales were used pre- and post- intervention as indicators of student perception of aspects of their school life including stressful and satisfying elements. Various student, teacher, and class contextual variables were also investigated. Overall, the interventions implemented in this study appeared to have had some small impact on student quality of school life, student absence, teacher stress, teacher satisfaction, and teacher absence. Of particular interest are the apparent differential effects of some of the interventions for: teachers and students, classes, schools, and, at least in part, the effectiveness of the implementation of the interventions. Possible explanations of these differences are discussed while implications including the apparent importance of positive peer relationships and an exciting and enjoyable curriculum in ensuring students have a high quality of school life are described. In the broader context of school effectiveness and school improvement, it is hoped that further investigation will be undertaken of the intervention strategies explored and refined in this study, and perhaps other strategies intended to enhance student quality of school life. In particular, interventions are needed that facilitate the establishment of classroom environments where students and teachers want to be, where educational outcomes are enhanced, and students are led to a broader life experience. / PhD Doctorate