Submitted by William Paiva (williampaiva17@hotmail.com) on 2015-03-27T18:15:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Franciele Almeida de Almeida.pdf: 2784337 bytes, checksum: d94a3c8da5badfda460484ede07224f9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-04-01T17:25:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Franciele Almeida de Almeida.pdf: 2784337 bytes, checksum: d94a3c8da5badfda460484ede07224f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T17:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franciele Almeida de Almeida.pdf: 2784337 bytes, checksum: d94a3c8da5badfda460484ede07224f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Crianças com Transtorno e Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) não são incapazes de aprender, mas têm dificuldade na escola devido à falta de organização e de atenção, acrescida de impulsividade. O espaço escolar, em especial os docentes, têm dificuldade em lidar com esses alunos. Atualmente se sabe que se trata de um transtorno do desenvolvimento do autocontrole que afeta a atenção, o controle de impulsos e o nível de atividade. Assim, considerando que a aula prática, ao utilizar uma didática multissensorial envolvendo o uso de dois ou mais sentidos, promove a necessidade de organização e atenção por parte do aluno, pois é necessário ouvir instruções, manipular objetos e informações e verificar resultados, desenvolveu-se o trabalho aqui apresentado, objetivando investigar como as aulas práticas de Ciências podem influenciar no aprendizado de alunos com TDAH. Com o propósito de alcançar esse objetivo, foi necessário desenvolver as seguintes ações paralelas: analisar o comportamento do aluno nas aulas teóricas; caracterizar o comportamento do aluno nas aulas teóricas; analisar o comportamento do aluno nas aulas práticas; caracterizar o comportamento do aluno nas aulas práticas; e identificar como as atividades influenciaram no comportamento do aluno, distinguindo suas possíveis diferenças. Dado o objetivo da pesquisa, o estudo investigativo foi desenvolvido em uma escola municipal de Ensino Fundamental da cidade do Rio Grande, tendo como objeto de pesquisa um aluno de nove anos, diagnosticado com TDAH, inserido no 4º ano (antiga 3ª série), caracterizando um estudo de caso. A coleta de dados envolveu observações estruturadas através da utilização de uma planilha de análise construída a partir de elementos comportamentais a serem observados, havendo o planejamento e a organização prévia de uma lista de ações que se espera observar no local. Com a intenção de ampliar as possibilidades interpretativas, as aulas teóricas e práticas de Ciências foram filmadas. Ao total, foram observadas cinco aulas teóricas e sete aulas práticas, perfazendo dez horas de aula teórica e 12 horas de aula prática, somando 12 observações em sala de aula e totalizando 22 horas. A análise dos dados gerados permite concluir que as aulas práticas em ciências, ao promover um maior envolvimento do aluno observado nas tarefas propostas, podem contribuir positivamente para seu aprendizado. Já as aulas teóricas oportunizaram comportamentos hiperativos, desatentos e impulsivos, influenciando negativamente as situações de aprendizagem. Os achados oferecem suporte, não só à professora responsável pela turma na qual o aluno está inserido, mas também aos demais professores envolvidos na educação do aluno em questão, para que repensem suas metodologias. Ainda que os resultados não sejam passíveis de generalização, outra contribuição emerge da pesquisa à medida que oferece subsídios para que demais professores busquem, nas aulas práticas, uma alternativa para lidar com as especificidades de alunos portadores de TDAH, otimizando o processo de inclusão. Numa visão mais ampla, os achados podem colaborar para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na área da educação em Ciências que tenham como ponto de interesse o TDAH. / Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are not unable to learn, but yet face difficulties at school due to the lack of organization and attention, and in addition to that, impulsivity. There is difficulty on dealing with those students within the school environment, particularly by the teachers. Nowadays, ADHD is known as a self-control development disorder affecting attention, impulse control and level of activity. In this perspective, considering that the classroom practice by applying a multisensory didactic, which involves the use of one or more of the senses, promotes a need of organization and attention by the student because it is necessary to listen to instructions, to handle objects and information and assess results. The present work has arisen from that, whose objective is to investigate how the science classroom practices can influence on the learning of ADHD students. In order to achieve that objective, it was necessary to develop the following parallel actions: to analyze the student behavior during theoretical classes; to characterize the student behavior during theoretical and practice classes; to characterize the student behavior in practice classes as well as identify how the activities have influenced behavior, distinguishing the possible differences. In view of the research aim, the investigative study was developed in an elementary school of the Rio Grande city public school system. The focus of the research was a 9 year-old student, diagnosed with ADHD, studying in the 4th grade (3rd grade in the old system), characterizing a case study. The data collection involved remarks based on the use of an analysis chart made up from behavioral elements to be observed, counting with a previous planning and organization of a list of actions that are expected to be observed in the place. With the intention of broadening the explanatory possibilities, the theoretical and practice science classes were recorded. A total of 5 theoretical and 7 practice classes were observed, making up 10 hours of theoretical classes and 12 hours of practice classes, totalizing 12 in-class observations, counting 22 hours. The data analysis created enables to deduce that the science practice class, by promoting a larger involvement of the observed student in the proposed tasks, can contribute positively to the learning. As to the theoretical classes, they have enabled hyperactive, inattentive and impulsive behaviors, negatively influencing learning situations. The findings offered support for a thinking over on methodologies, not only to the teacher in charge of the group where the student is, but also to other teachers involved in the learning of the observed student. Regardless the fact that the results are capable of generalization, another research contribution comes out, to the extent to which, during practice classes, it offers subsides to other teachers to seek for an alternative to deal with the particularities of ADHD students, thus optimizing the inclusion process. From a broader perspective, the findings can help for the development of researches in the science teaching field and which have as point of interest the ADHD.

Este estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa que buscou analisar as relações existentes entre o discurso oral e o registro escrito, em aulas de Ciências do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Nessas aulas foram utilizadas atividades investigativas, criadas pelo Laboratório de Pesquisa e Ensino de Física da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo, nas quais os alunos foram levados a discutir e escrever sobre um tema científico. Para estabelecer essa relação foi necessário fazer um levantamento bibliográfico acerca do que se acredita ser um Ensino de Ciências eficiente, sobre a importância de haver nessas aulas de Ciências atividades que levem os alunos a discussão de ideias com seus pares e posterior registro escrito da atividade, e também sobre como outros autores têm analisado o discurso dos alunos em sala de aula. Tivemos como dados da pesquisa as transcrições de três aulas da sequência didática A submersão do Nautilus e os registros escritos realizados nessas aulas. A análise buscou relacionar a participação oral dos cinco alunos da amostra com os registros escritos por eles. Para a realização da análise, foram levados em consideração os seguintes aspectos: a pessoa do discurso utilizada, os verbos de ação empregados, a cronologia dos eventos, a estrutura do pensamento segundo o Modelo de Toulmin, os indicadores da alfabetização científica e o apoio do desenho ao texto escrito realizado. Após a análise pudemos concluir que a discussão oral ajuda os alunos no momento do registro escrito; que os registros escritos de quem participa efetivamente da discussão têm elementos argumentativos superiores ou pelo menos iguais aos da discussão oral; que as ideias circuladas durante a discussão aparecem no registro escrito da atividade de muitos alunos; que a discussão de ideias se faz importante para distribuir conhecimento; e que os registros dos alunos que não participam das discussões se apresentam de forma incompleta e com poucos elementos argumentativos. Diante desse contexto, ressaltamos a importância de aulas de Ciências que preveem em suas atividades momentos de fala e escrita dos alunos do tema trabalhado, para aumentar o nível de conhecimento científico desses alunos. / This study is a qualitative research that analized the relationship between the oral speech and the written record, in Science classes of the 4th grade of Elementary School. In such classes, investigative activities created by the Laboratory of Research and Teaching of Physics, of the Faculty of Education at University of São Paulo, were performed in which the students were asked to discuss and write about a scientific subject. In order to establish a relationship, it was necessary a bibliographic revision of what is recognized to be an efficient Science Education, about the importance of having in such Science classes activities that conduct students to the discussion of ideas with their classmates, the written record of the activities, as well as about how other authors have analized the speech of students in the classroom. The data of the study consists of transcriptions of three classes of the didactic sequence of The submergence of the Nautilus and the written records produced in such classes. The analysis aimed to relate the oral participation of the five students of the sample group with their written records. In the analysis, it was considered the following aspects: the subject used in the speech, the verbs employed, the a chronology of the events, the structure of thought according to the Toulmin Model, the indicators of scientific literacy and the support of the drawing to the written text. After the analysis it was possible to reach the conclusion that: the oral discussion helps students during the writing; the written records of those who really engage in the discussion have superior argumentative elements, or at least equivalent to those used in the oral discussion; the ideas stated during discussion are present in the written record of the activity of many students; the discussion of the ideas is relevant for the distribuition of knowledge; and finaly, the records of the students that did not take part in the discussion are incomplete and have fewer argumentative elements. In this context, it is emphasized the importance of exercising students speaking and writing skills, when developing a theme during the activities of Science classes, in order to improve the level of scientific knowledge of those students.

Este estudo é uma pesquisa qualitativa que buscou analisar as relações existentes entre o discurso oral e o registro escrito, em aulas de Ciências do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Nessas aulas foram utilizadas atividades investigativas, criadas pelo Laboratório de Pesquisa e Ensino de Física da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo, nas quais os alunos foram levados a discutir e escrever sobre um tema científico. Para estabelecer essa relação foi necessário fazer um levantamento bibliográfico acerca do que se acredita ser um Ensino de Ciências eficiente, sobre a importância de haver nessas aulas de Ciências atividades que levem os alunos a discussão de ideias com seus pares e posterior registro escrito da atividade, e também sobre como outros autores têm analisado o discurso dos alunos em sala de aula. Tivemos como dados da pesquisa as transcrições de três aulas da sequência didática A submersão do Nautilus e os registros escritos realizados nessas aulas. A análise buscou relacionar a participação oral dos cinco alunos da amostra com os registros escritos por eles. Para a realização da análise, foram levados em consideração os seguintes aspectos: a pessoa do discurso utilizada, os verbos de ação empregados, a cronologia dos eventos, a estrutura do pensamento segundo o Modelo de Toulmin, os indicadores da alfabetização científica e o apoio do desenho ao texto escrito realizado. Após a análise pudemos concluir que a discussão oral ajuda os alunos no momento do registro escrito; que os registros escritos de quem participa efetivamente da discussão têm elementos argumentativos superiores ou pelo menos iguais aos da discussão oral; que as ideias circuladas durante a discussão aparecem no registro escrito da atividade de muitos alunos; que a discussão de ideias se faz importante para distribuir conhecimento; e que os registros dos alunos que não participam das discussões se apresentam de forma incompleta e com poucos elementos argumentativos. Diante desse contexto, ressaltamos a importância de aulas de Ciências que preveem em suas atividades momentos de fala e escrita dos alunos do tema trabalhado, para aumentar o nível de conhecimento científico desses alunos. / This study is a qualitative research that analized the relationship between the oral speech and the written record, in Science classes of the 4th grade of Elementary School. In such classes, investigative activities created by the Laboratory of Research and Teaching of Physics, of the Faculty of Education at University of São Paulo, were performed in which the students were asked to discuss and write about a scientific subject. In order to establish a relationship, it was necessary a bibliographic revision of what is recognized to be an efficient Science Education, about the importance of having in such Science classes activities that conduct students to the discussion of ideas with their classmates, the written record of the activities, as well as about how other authors have analized the speech of students in the classroom. The data of the study consists of transcriptions of three classes of the didactic sequence of The submergence of the Nautilus and the written records produced in such classes. The analysis aimed to relate the oral participation of the five students of the sample group with their written records. In the analysis, it was considered the following aspects: the subject used in the speech, the verbs employed, the a chronology of the events, the structure of thought according to the Toulmin Model, the indicators of scientific literacy and the support of the drawing to the written text. After the analysis it was possible to reach the conclusion that: the oral discussion helps students during the writing; the written records of those who really engage in the discussion have superior argumentative elements, or at least equivalent to those used in the oral discussion; the ideas stated during discussion are present in the written record of the activity of many students; the discussion of the ideas is relevant for the distribuition of knowledge; and finaly, the records of the students that did not take part in the discussion are incomplete and have fewer argumentative elements. In this context, it is emphasized the importance of exercising students speaking and writing skills, when developing a theme during the activities of Science classes, in order to improve the level of scientific knowledge of those students.

The major problem of this study was to compare the views of the role of the student in a science class as reported by college science educators and secondary science teachers of grades 6-8 and of grades 9-12. Analysis of individual items. The Q-sorts indicate that all groups in this study recommend greater emphasis on student activities, student discovery, student questions, teacher accepting students' new ideas and viewpoints, student freedom to ask any science question, student enjoyment of science, more time spent in doing things other than listening, student ease in getting equipment, student revealing likes and dislikes in science, student maintenance of science equipment and student use of laboratory equipment.

The main purpose of this classroom action research was to improve student learning in a Health Science class in Thailand by using the Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (CLES) and a constructivist learning approach. This study combined quantitative and qualitative data and was conducted over one semester in four stages: 1) assessing the students' perceptions of their constructivist learning environment and determining students' pre-instruction conceptions about AIDS; 2) constructing an intervention based on constructivism theory in order to improving learning environments and students' learning outcomes; 3) implementing the intervention; and 4) evaluating the success of the intervention by re-assessing with the CLES. The Attitude Towards AIDS Questionnaire (ATAQ) was used to assess students' attitudes about AIDS. The students' cognitive achievement was assessed with the Students' Knowledge of AIDS Test (SKAT). Qualitative data were obtained from informal observation, focus group discussions, and student journals. The results indicated that the adapted Thai version of the CLES is appropriate for use in Health Science classes in Thailand's socio-cultural context because it was shown to be valid and reliable in both Actual and Preferred Forms. The results also revealed that the CLES and a constructivist learning approach can be used as effective tools in order to improve the learning environment of a Health Science class. This approach can improve students' knowledge and students' attitudes toward AIDS. The qualitative results supported the results from the questionnaires. This study suggests that teachers and health educators in Thailand can use the CLES to improve their learning environment and use a constructivist learning model to bring about improvement in students' achievement in their classes.

The science education literature was examined in order to identify the methodologies that various authors considered to characterise inquiry teaching. On the basis of this examination, a new classroom environment instrument, the Is This an Inquiring Classroom or ITIC was developed. The final version of the ITIC contained forty items in five different scales, Freedom in Practical Work, Communication, Interpretation of Data, Science Stories and Uncertainty in Science.The Actual and Preferred Forms of the ITIC were administered to 2,207 Grade 7-12 students and 65 teachers from 15 different schools. The results of this investigation showed that both students and teachers would prefer there to be higher levels of inquiry behaviours in Tasmanian science classrooms, with teachers indicating a preference for significantly higher levels than students. The perceptions of different sub-groups within the student population were also analysed.An examination of the Tasmanian curriculum documents showed that they supported the use of inquiry teaching methodologies, as defined by the ITIC scales. From the above investigations it was concluded that it would be desirable for there to be higher levels of inquiry methodologies in Tasmanian science classes, and that the production of the ITIC provides a means of monitoring and measuring any change.

This is a biographical case study of science teachers who teach at schools that have consistently produced good results in the examinations despite disabling teaching conditions such as large, under-resourced classes. The study analysed the life experiences, education, school- and community environment of the teachers in an attempt to identify the critical features that inspire and support their classroom commitment to hands-on / minds-on teaching. Evidence was collected through semi-structured interviews with the teachers to get their stories, with groups of learners to assess how they perceived the teachers in the classrooms, and through informal discussions with the principals (school management) and colleagues, for a richer description. Questionnaires were administered to find out what the situations concerning resources were at the schools. Classroom interactions were observed and analysed for more information on the conduct of the teachers in the process of teaching and learning. It was found that both case study teachers had adequate content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and taught in a way that reflected their understanding and belief of the nature of science (NOS). The view that the two participating teachers have of the nature of science was formed during their own formative school years and influenced the view of the nature of science they instill in their learners. The inadequacy of resources at the schools although a frustration to the teachers, did not deter them from teaching science in an experimental way reflective of the nature of the subject matter. The education implications of this study are discussed in relation to lessons that can be learnt from such inspiring teachers. The significance of the study is seen in the contribution it can make to the existing scholarship on effective science teaching and on teacher development programs including factors contributing to effective science teachers in the present South African climate of having large, under-resourced science classes. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:39:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4825.pdf: 2194802 bytes, checksum: 202005fb4d13872e3b726efdc9099bdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-18 / The study characterizes the written record of a group of students from the 5th grade of primary classes in Brazil, in investigative science and its contribution to the development of writing. We analyze the interactions occurring during classes as well as students' written production. We examine how this process was linked with acquisition of writing and identify the resources used by students to communicate their observations, hypotheses and conclusions. The methodological design takes as a parameter an ethnographic approach, with systematic monitoring of science classes for a semester in addition to recording audio and video lessons planned with an investigative strategy. Was performed microanalysis of events occurring during the classes and analyzed the texts of students based on content analysis. The results indicate that change in the dynamics used in science classes, favored the use of writing structures that had not been explored by the participant group. In investigative classes analyzed in this study, the students could express their ideas, from what they had experienced with the experiments, with opportunities to use advanced cognitive abilities, being necessary to reorganize thought to express the new knowledge. / O estudo caracteriza o processo de registro escrito de uma turma de alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, em aulas investigativas de ciências e sua contribuição no desenvolvimento da escrita. Analisamos as interações ocorridas durante as aulas bem como a produção escrita dos alunos. Examinamos como esse processo se articulava com aquisição da escrita e identificamos os recursos utilizados pelos alunos para comunicar suas observações, hipóteses e conclusões. O delineamento metodológico tomou como parâmetro a abordagem etnográfica, com acompanhamento sistemático das aulas de ciências por um semestre além da gravação em áudio e vídeo de aulas planejadas com estratégia investigativa. Realizou-se a microanálise de eventos ocorridos durante as aulas e analisaram-se os textos dos alunos com base na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que, a mudança nas dinâmicas utilizadas nas aulas de ciências, favoreceu o uso de estruturas de escrita que não haviam sido exploradas pelo grupo participante. Nas aulas investigativas analisadas neste estudo, os estudantes puderam expressar suas ideias, a partir do que haviam vivenciado com os experimentos, com oportunidades de utilizar habilidades cognitivas avançadas, sendo necessário reorganizar o pensamento para expressar o novo conhecimento.

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