Orientador: Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T03:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Albuquerque_MarconiEdsonEsmeraldo_D.pdf: 3922326 bytes, checksum: 2be7fcbd4f3bbc0db14938fd6d32b13f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho abre a caixa-preta do Modelo de Excelência Gerencial do Prêmio Nacional da Qualidade (MEG/PNQ) ao analisar a emergência e a difusão, os resultados e as limitações de um projeto vinculado a ele - o Projeto Excelência na Pesquisa Tecnológica (PEPT), da Associação Brasileira das Instituições de Pesquisa Tecnológica (ABIPTI), voltado à melhoria da gestão de Institutos e Centros de Pesquisas (ICPs) no país. A dinâmica que se eleva da co-evolução de tecnologias, instituições e organizações é central no estudo, pois ajuda na compreensão do papel e da importância das organizações que produzem e disseminam conhecimento na constituição de Sistemas de Inovação - neste caso, ICPs - e sobre como elas tomam decisões e relacionam-se com outras organizações. Assim, a análise voltou-se à co-evolução de ICPs brasileiros que aderiram ao PEPT, mudanças no ambiente técnico-científico, assim como no contexto institucional (nacional e internacional). O PNQ encoraja ICPs a reverem e a aperfeiçoarem suas rotinas. Entretanto, a capacidade de inovação dos ICPs pode ser limitada, uma vez que, imersos em ciclos de melhoria contínua, estes podem não perceber mudanças no ambiente, nem que rotinas e capacidades prevalecentes podem não atender mais a novos problemas. Daí, a importância do PEPT em mobilizar os ICPs e em promover um fórum de discussão envolvendo técnicos dessas organizações. Embora o PEPT tenha ajudado ICPs a introduzirem novas rotinas e práticas na gestão de suas atividades de C,T&I, sua real contribuição é difícil de ser percebida, dentre outros aspectos, porque se limita em uma agenda micro-institucional, focada na otimização de práticas, insuficiente para promover mudanças expressivas nas organizações. Políticas públicas, juntamente com mudança na postura dos ICPs, devem sim convergir para definir os papéis destas organizações e sua contribuição ao desenvolvimento técnico-inovativo e sócio-econômico do país. A construção de capacidades de absorção parece ser uma estratégia importante para os ICPs, pois valorizam elementos como flexibilidade e autonomia, fundamentais nessas organizações / Abstract: This work opens the black-box of the Business Excellence Model of Brazilian Quality Award (MEG/PNQ) to analyze the emergence and dissemination, results and limitations of a program linked to it - 'Projeto Excelência na Pesquisa Tecnológica (PEPT)', an iniciative led by Brazilian Association of Research and Technology Organizations (ABIPTI), dedicated to improving the managerial performance of Brazilian Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs). The dynamic that rises from the co-evolution of technologies, institutions and organizations is central to the study since it helps in understanding the roles and importance of organizations that produce and disseminate knowledge in the formation of Innovation Systems - in this case, RTOs - and how they make decisions and relate to other organizations. Thus, the analysis focused on the co-evolution of Brazilian RTOs who joined the PEPT, changes in the technical and scientific environment and in institutional set-up (national and international). PNQ encourages RTOs to review and refine their routines. However, the innovative capacity of RTOs can be limited, once immersed in cycles of continuous improvement, the RTOs can not perceive changes in the environment and that prevailing routines and capabilities do not meet new problems and requires further experimentation. PEPT was important because it was capable to mobilize RTOs and to promote a forum involving many workers of these organizations. Although PEPT has helped RTOs to introduce organizational routines and practices, its actual contribution is difficult to be perceived, because it is limited in a micro-institutional agenda, focused on optimizing organizational practices, insufficient to promote significant changes in organizations. Public policies and changing the posture of RTOs must converge to define the roles of RTOS and their contribution to technical-innovative and socio-economic development of Brazil. Construct absorption capabilities seems to be an important strategy for RTOs, because they value things like flexibility and autonomy, fundamental to these organizations / Doutorado / Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T11:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_RafaeldeBrito_M.pdf: 677729 bytes, checksum: 67121d1a781ce6a8831b9985fc14997f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A matriz analítico-conceitual que marcou a política científica e tecnológica após a 2a Guerra Mundial está associada à concepção linear da relação entre ciência, tecnologia e desenvolvimento. Ainda hoje essa concepção mantém sua força dentro da esfera da política científica e tecnológica. Existem, contudo, três enfoques que se propõem a questionar essa visão: o enfoque Evolucionário, Pensamento Latino-Americano em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (PLACTS) e o que aqui chamamos de Visão Alternativa. o enfoque Evolucionário parte de formulações teóricas geradas nos países centrais e representa o mais difundido dos três. O PLACTS representa uma corrente de pensamento autônoma e original da América Latina e que, apesar de remeter às décadas de 1960 e 1970, ainda se mostra bastante atual. A Visão Alternativa, por sua vez, busca constituir uma crítica legitimamente de esquerda dentro do çampo da política científica e tecnológica. A política científica e tecnológica latino-americana pode ser entendida a partir de uma modelagem desses distintos enfoques. Mais que isso, é possível fazer uma associação entre os referidos enfoques e alguns interesses específicos, que se traduzem em diferentes projetos políticos / Abstract: The analytical and conceptual matrix that marked the scientific and technological policies after the 2nd World War is associated with a linear perspective of the relations between science, technology and development. This perspective is still very strong among policy makers. There are, however, three approaches that criticize this particular view: the Evolutionary approach, the Latin American Thought in Science, Technology and Society (PLACTS) and what we call the Alternative Vision. The Evolutionary approach is derived from theoretical formulations generated in the developed countries and represents the best known of the three approaches. PLACTS represents an independent and original Latin American initiative that, despite having risen on the decades of 1960 and 1970, still proves itself to be sufficiently fresh. The Alternative Vision seeks to build a genuine and legitimate left-liberal critic inside the field of science and technology policy. Latin American scientific and technological policies can be better understood by modeling these three distinct approaches. Furthermore, it is possible to make an association between these approaches and some specific interests, which are linked to different political projects / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

This paper explores the complex relationship between securing the rights of citizens to privacy and national security priorities under conditions of government mass surveillance. The inquiry examines the conflict between those who support and those who stand in opposition of government surveillance, and is framed around the question of whether changes in technology and the concept of nationalism help inform our understanding of the increase in surveillance post-9/11. From a peace and conflict studies perspective, the work analyzes how the rise of nationalism in the post-9/11 era and the protracted wars against terrorism, in combination with the growth of technological power, have impacted the relationship between state-surveillance and democracy. Findings identify protracted warfare, technology and corporate profits as conflict drivers within the surveillance system, which gives rise to moral dilemmas and structural polarizations in the political culture and institutions of the state and society. The analysis concludes that these dilemmas systematically create an imbalance of power between the citizen to the state, and cannot be fully addressed unless the efficacy of war is critically questioned.

Though most commonly regarded as a revolutionary public health invention, the introduction of conventional wastewater sanitation systems has a mixed legacy in the U.S. A growing body of research links sewage-based sanitation systems with nationwide ecosystem degradation and an unsustainable dependence on vast inputs of materials and resources. In addition to contributing to chronic problems across the country, today these wastewater infrastructures are in various states of disrepair. The EPA estimates that at least $270 billion must be invested in coming years to prevent massive sanitary failures, but municipalities are increasingly unable to fund these expensive (re)investments in buried water-carriage sanitation infrastructures. Some U.S. communities are exploring the potential for community-scale decentralized sustainable or ecological sanitation (ecosan) solutions to meet their sanitary needs at a fraction of the cost of wastewater treatment schemes and with various additional benefits. This thesis examines the first two pilot applications of community ecosan in the New England region of the U.S. to understand the opportunities, challenges, and adaptation strategies that characterize these projects in the North American context. An emergent, mixed methods approach was developed over several years and involved personal engagement with the cases reviewed. The two pilot projects are compared and contrasted, and several themes are identified: First, the case studies indicate that specific conditions may have provided fertile contexts for the introduction of community-scale ecosan in the U.S. Second, various challenges have been posed to large scale ecosan projects in the U.S, but existing sanitary regulations and funding pathways present the most formidable barriers since they often deter innovative solutions. Third, these cases show that communities can develop myriad strategies to overcome these challenges and confront barriers to sanitation reform in the U.S. The study is framed by an inquiry into the role of professional planners and local community members in sustainable sanitation reforms. Findings indicate that individual planners can react both positively and negatively to proposals for community ecosan schemes, and that planners possess numerous tools to support community-led programs in navigating the significant barriers they face. Ultimately, though, communities must practice self-determination in sanitation reform planning. Final recommendations suggest that future community ecosan projects focus on incremental and complementary introduction, integrate research components, and incorporate effective ecosan residuals management schemes into their programming.

<p>This research demonstrates the strong link between successful leadership and the development of creative company models. The study's findings show that many leadership aspects are critical for obtaining success in small and medium-sized businesses.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Providing staff with the proper tools, resources, and training opportunities is critical for enhancing productivity and morale. Furthermore, providing competitive salaries, benefits, and a happy work atmosphere assists in attracting and retaining great employees, which is crucial for</p> <p>small company success.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The success of Computer Village Lagos serves as a model for aspiring entrepreneurs and countries seeking to replicate it. This dissertation introduces the Otigba Business Model (OBM), which was created by capitalizing on the success of the Computer Village. Entrepreneurs and</p> <p>countries can use the OBM to develop innovative business models that emphasize a diverse range of products and services, strong partnerships, competitive pricing, a centralized location, excellent marketing, and an entrepreneurial culture. Businesses in the technology industry can achieve</p> <p>success and thrive by leveraging these factors and embracing effective leadership.</p>

No description available.

The 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico awakened communities to the increased risk of large-scale damage along their coastlines presented by new technology in deep water drilling. Normal accident theory and high reliability theory offer a framework through which to view the 2010 spill that features predictive criteria linked to a qualitative assessment of risk presented by technology and organizations. The 2010 spill took place in a sociotechnical system that can be described as complex and tightly coupled, and therefore prone to normal accidents. However, the entities in charge of managing this technology lacked the organizational capacity to safely operate within this sociotechnical system.

Orientador: Renato Peixoto Dagnino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T23:50:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Serafim_MilenaPavan_M.pdf: 1266147 bytes, checksum: c041fc24b4301baf7db9b5a6e1f4ff97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa duas políticas públicas ¿ a política científica e tecnológica (PCT) e a política de inclusão social (PIS) ¿ e tem como ponto de partida a constatação de que existe uma inadequada interação entre elas. Como objetivo, este trabalho busca produzir elementos cognitivos capazes de possibilitar sua interlocução e convergência. Como hipótese explicativa da inadequada interação entre as duas políticas e de sua incapacidade para viabilizar a inclusão social, apontamos para o modelo cognitivo usado para a sua elaboração. O entendimento que os atores envolvidos com as políticas - formuladores, gestores, estudiosos da PIS e da PCT, etc. ¿ têm da relação entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade e, em particular, a predominância das concepções da neutralidade e do determinismo científico e tecnológico, que ocupa um papel central nesse modelo cognitivo, é a importante condicionante dessa situação. Para estudar essa inadequada interação, usamos o instrumental de Análise de Política, dada a sua capacidade de explicitar os aspectos políticos envolvidos no processo de elaboração das políticas públicas e como estes influenciam o seu conteúdo. É privilegiada a análise dos processos de identificação de prioridades, de conformação da agenda e de formulação da política, por entendermos que eles são importantes para identificar o modelo cognitivo das políticas e, no âmbito de nosso trabalho, caracterizar a inadequada interação entre as duas políticas. O estudo da trajetória das duas políticas revelou mudanças mais ou menos concomitantes, associadas às alterações do contexto que as envolve. No caso do período mais recente, embora o governo atual tenha proposto um estilo de desenvolvimento distinto do até então adotado, o modelo cognitivo das duas políticas não se alterou de forma significativa, uma vez que foram mantidas aquelas concepções acerca da C&T. Como proposta normativa, este trabalho concebeu o que denominamos de "Enfoque Científico-tecnológico para Inclusão Social" orientado a viabilizar a interação entre as duas políticas através da constituição de um modelo cognitivo baseado na crítica àquelas duas concepções / Abstract: This Master's dissertation is focused on the analysis of two important public policies: science and technology policy and social inclusion policy. The study is based on the perception that the interaction between the two policies is rather inadequate. It is thus directed to discussing elements that may be used toward stimulating the interaction and convergence of these two policies. As an explanatory hypothesis regarding this inadequate interaction and the constraint it represents for social inclusion, we point out to the cognitive model used in the elaboration of these two policies. The perception shared by those involved with this process ¿ policy makers, administrators, STP and SIP researchers, etc. ¿ regarding science and technology and their relation to society, and particularly the view on scientific and technological neutrality and determinism, which plays a pivotal role in this cognitive model, is the main cause of this situation. In order to study in detail this inadequate interaction between the two policies, the Policy Analysis framework is utilized, given its capability of unveiling political aspects that involve policy making and policy characteristics. The analytical tools for priority identification, agenda conformation and policy making are emphasized, due to their importance in allowing a more complete understanding of public policies, including the cognitive model that shapes them and the aspects of their interaction. The analysis of the trajectory of these two policies has revealed some significant changes, somewhat connected, that are associated to some broader contextual changes. Particularly in the more recent period, despite a new proposal for development from the current office, it is noted that the cognitive model of the two policies has not been significantly altered, due to the persistence of the views on scientific and technological neutrality and determinism. As a normative proposal, the ¿Cognitive Approach to Social Inclusion¿ is presented. It is directed towards allowing the interaction between the two policies through the construction of a cognitive model based on the criticism concerned the views on scientific and technological neutrality and determinism / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Government call centers (311) were first created to reduce the volume of non-emergency calls that were being placed to emergency 911 call centers. The number of 311 call centers increased from 57 in 2008 to about 300 in 2013. Considering that there are over 2,700 municipal government units across the United States, the adoption rate of the 311 centers is arguably low in the country. This dissertation is an examination of the adoption of 311 call centers by municipal governments. My focus is specifically on why municipal governments adopt 311 and identifying which barriers result in the non-adoption of 311 call centers. This dissertation is possibly the first study to examine the adoption of 311 call centers in the United States. The dissertation study has identified several significant factors in the adoption and non-adoption of 311 government call centers. The following factors were significant in the adoption of 311 government call centers: managerial support, financial constraints, organizational responsiveness, strategic plan placement, and technology champion. The following factors were significant barriers that resulted in the non-adoption of a 311 government call center; no demand from citizens, start up costs, annual operating costs, unavailability of funding, and no obvious need for one.If local government entities that do not have a 311 government call center decide to adopt one, this study will help them identify the conditions that need to be in place for successful adoption to occur. Local government officials would first need to address the barriers in setting up the 311 call centers.

I examine whether Uber and Lyft are currently complements or substitutes of public transit, and how partnerships between cities and ride sharing companies can increase their complementary relationship and solve parking and mobility issues. The results suggest that transportation network companies (TNCs) like Uber and Lyft do not have a statistically significant effect on public transit ridership overall, but are complements of public transit for certain populations. Policies that give discounts for TNC rides taken to and from transit stops help solve the first mile / last mile problem, which consequently help increase transit ridership.