À partir d’une approche documentaire, éditoriale et historique du périodique musicologique est interrogée la participation des revues académiques à la construction d’une discipline.Composé de 122 titres américains, français et allemands du 20e siècle ainsi que de l’Archiv für Musikwissenschaft, de la Revue de Musicologie et du Musical Quarterly, le corpus est soumis à une double observation, macroscopique et microscopique, sur le temps long, ainsi qu’à une analyse des sommaires. Partant de l’idée que la musicologie est une forme d’écriture sur la musique, cette investigation a pour objectif d’éclairer les ambiguïtés et l’historicité du périodique savant sur la musique ainsi que de repérer la manière dont l’articulation entre science, écriture et musique agit sur la revue musicologique. Instrument rhétorique et de captation du lecteur, cette dernière régule, hiérarchise et contrôle un territoire disciplinaire qu’elle délimite. Espace de représentation, le périodique musicologique fabrique l’histoire et l’identité d’un collectif qu’il fédère et dont il constitue le support de communication. La capacité de la revue à accepter la différence et à relier, à laisser place aux polémiques et aux prises de position, ainsi qu’à faire circuler le discours en font un objet hétérogène en perpétuelle transformation que l’on envisage comme un objet culturel / Basing on a documentary, editorial and historical approach of the musicological periodical and considering musicology as a form of writing about music, we examine the contribution of journals to the construction of a discipline. Consisting of 122 american, french and german titles, as well as of three leading journals in musicology, the Archiv für Musikwissenschaft, the Revue de Musicologie and The Musical Quarterly, the corpus is submitted to a macroscopical and microscopical observation and to a content analysis. The aim of this investigation is to shed light on the ambiguities and the historicity of learned journals about music. As a rhetorical instrument, the periodical circumscribes a disciplinary territory. This medium of communication federates a collective of which it writes the story, elaborates the history and constructs the identity. By its faculty to accept differences, to link, to leave room to controversy as well as to put discourses into circulation, it can be viewed as a cultural and a heterogeneous object. The articulation between science, writing and music acts on the musicological periodical which is in perpetual transformation

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La question de l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues se pose avec acuité en bien des régions du monde, notamment la région du Moyen-Orient et plus particulièrement le contexte libanais. Le français est l’une des deux langues principales de scolarisation dans les écoles publiques et privées dans le pays. L’apprentissage du français à l’école continue à suivre les méthodologies et pratiques d’enseignement du français langue maternelle ou seconde. Or, ce choix ne correspond plus à la réalité actuelle ni ne prépare les jeunes Libanais à la réussite dans leurs études supérieures en français (dans les universités francophones), et surtout dans les écrits universitaires.La question des écrits universitaires se pose donc de plus en plus là où les étudiants libanais allophones optent pour un parcours universitaire francophone. La maîtrise de l’écrit figure en tête des objectifs de l’école et de l’université, mais enseigner la production écrite est souvent problématique. Rares sont les méthodes qui aident les étudiants à développer une véritable compétence discursive dans le contexte universitaire. Cela d’autant que ceux-ci ne perçoivent guère la nécessité de ces apprentissages avant leur toute dernière année, quand il est presque trop tard.La situation des étudiants de l’Université Antonine (UA) nous a poussée à approfondir la réflexion méthodologique sur le problème de l’écrit universitaire chez les étudiants en Master2 en sciences de l’Ingénieur. À la fin de leur parcours, ces étudiants doivent rédiger un écrit long et normé, le Projet de Fin d’Études (PFE). Cet écrit leur permet de communiquer et mettre en valeur une innovation scientifique dans le domaine de télécommunication. Mais encore faut-il qu’ils le réussissent.Notre souci premier, trouver la méthodologie la plus adaptée à notre public pour accomplir les activités universitaires, nous a poussée à questionner la Perspective actionnelle dans toutes ses dimensions. Ce que nous appelons la Perspective Actionnelle Consolidée s’inscrit donc dans une logique qui lie la langue à l’action. C’est l’ingénierie pédagogique qui permet l’élaboration didactique des genres particuliers en prenant appui sur l’ensemble notionnel méthodologique constitué par les compétences, la tâche et les stratégies.La particularité de notre démarche réside dans le choix de son inscription dans le cadre d’une recherche-action. Ce type de recherche nous a permis, à la fois, d’analyser le problème et de proposer une solution. Le choix de la Perspective Actionnelle Consolidée a donné sens à l’enseignement du/en français aux yeux des étudiants, mais également a mobilisé leurs compétences. Le recours à la notion de genre de discours nous a permis de dégager les caractéristiques de ce genre universitaire normé, qu’est le PFE pour ensuite élaborer des activités adaptées à l’aide de supports authentiques. Les conclusions découlant de l’analyse de nos choix ouvriront la possibilité à un nouveau curriculum des tâches universitaires de se constituer. / The issue of language teaching / learning is acute in many parts of the world. It is in the Middle East region and more particularly in the Lebanese context. French is one of the two main languages of schooling in the country. Learning French at school continues to follow the methodologies for teaching French as a mother tongue or second language. This choice no longer corresponds to reality or prepares young Lebanese for the success of higher education andunivers especially academic writing (in francophone universities).The question of academic writing is increasingly raised where allophone students opt for a francophone university course. The mastery of the written word is at the top of the objectives of the school and the university. Teaching written production is often problematic. Few methods help students develop true discursive competence in the academic context.The situation of the students of the Université Antonine (UA) pushed us to deepen the methodological reflection on the problem of the university writing in the students in Master 2 ( sciences of the Engineer). At the end of their course, these students must write a long and standardized writing, the Projet de Fin d’Études (PFE). This writing allows them to communicate and showcase a scientific innovation in the field of telecommunication.Our first concern, being to find the most suitable methodology for our audience to carry out university activities, led us to question the Action Perspective in all its dimensions. What we call the Perspective Actionnelle Consolidée is therefore a logic that links language to action. The PAC is the pedagogical engineering that allows the didactic development of particular genres by building on the methodological notional set of skills, tasks and strategies.The particularity of our approach lies in the choice of its inscription as part of an Action-research. This type of research allowed us to both analyze the problem and propose a solution. The choice of the Perspective Actionnelle Consolidée gave meaning to the teaching of French in the eyes of students, but also mobilized their skills. The use of the notion of discourse genre has allowed us to identify the characteristics of this standardized academic genre, the PFE, and then to develop adapted activities using authentic media. The findings from the analysis of our choices will open up the possibility for a new curriculum of academic tasks to be formed.

Research into English research articles (RAs) has largely been focused on articles produced by native English writers. This thesis aims to investigate the textual structure of research articles written by non-native English writers, which may contribute to their acceptance for international publication. A comparison is made between RAs written by native English speakers, Indonesian writers writing in English, and Indonesian writers writing in Indonesian, all in the field of Language and Language Teaching. It explores the relation of text's generic structure, context and linguistic realization. The thesis develops a framework for the generic structure analysis based on Swales' CARS model of moves. A complementary analysis using Systemic-Functional Linguistics' (SFL) approach to texture, namely, text's method of development and structure of information, is conducted to further reveal the textual strategies of the different groups. The findings indicate significant differences in both forms and functions of textual strategies between the native and non-native texts. The differences may partly be due to the influence of writing practices in the non-native writers' first language and partly to the writer's attempt to find an appropriate format in the absence of well-established research writing conventions in the first language. Consequently, non-native English texts may show textual features and organising strategies unfamiliar to both the native English and native Indonesian texts. Findings from the research highlight two issues. First, formal and functional differences of generic structure elements and their realizations between the native and non-native English texts may disadvantage the non-native writers, particularly with regards to employment of unfamiliar organizational strategies. Second, besides knowledge of formal generic structure, more importantly, non-native English writers need to acquire the knowledge of the nature of scientific writing in English in order to achieve full control of the writing process and thus produce successful writing. The implications for further research and the teaching of academic writing are discussed.

La présente étude est centrée sur les constructions verbales scientifiques. Ce lexique se situe à mi-chemin entre le lexique de la langue générale et celui de la terminologie. Il s’agit de termes utilisés à des fins d’expressions scientifiques, pour contribuer à l’élaboration du fonctionnement rhétorique et pragmatique de l’écrit scientifique. En nous fondant sur le modèle du Corpus Pattern Analysis, nous élaborons une ressource lexicale des patrons verbaux à l’aide de techniques du TAL sur des corpus numériques. Notre objectif est d’intégrer à cet outil les collocations et les constructions verbales récurrentes dans les écrits scientifiques. Cette ressource a pour objectif d’aider les locuteurs allophones dans leur rédaction d’écrits académiques en français.Sur le plan didactique, afin de mieux comprendre les difficultés des étudiants allophones en matière de constructions verbales scientifiques, nous établissons un diagnostic qui comporte à la fois l’analyse des erreurs et celle des cas de suremploi et de sous-emploi de certaines de ces constructions verbales. Les résultats ont montré que le statut de novice, en matière de rédaction scientifique, confronte de manière identique les étudiants natifs et non-natifs aux difficultés liées au genre du discours. Afin de répondre à ces besoins langagiers, nous avons proposé d’intégrer la ressource lexicale des patrons dans l’enseignement de l’écrit académique dont l’objectif est de guider les étudiants vers l’autonomie et la manipulation de corpus numériques. / The present study focuses on scientific verb constructions, i.e., the lexicon situated between general language and terminology and which is used for scientific expressions, whose rhetorical and pragmatic function must be mastered while writing scientific discourse. Based on the Corpus Pattern Analysis model, we develop a lexical resource of verb patterns using NLP techniques, which include collocations and recurring verbal constructions. The purpose of this resource is to help non-native speakers to write their academic writings in French.From an educational point of view, in order to understand better the difficulties of foreign students with regard to scientific verb constructions, we establish a diagnosis which includes the analysis of both errors and cases of overuse and underuse (notably compared to native students). The results show that both unexperienced natives and non-natives have to face difficulties related to discourse genre. In order to answer these linguistic needs, we suggest that a verb pattern resource should be integrated into corpus-based teaching of academic writing so as to help students gain autonomy in corpus manipulation.

Submitted by SIMONE CRISTINA MUSSIO null (simussio@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-08T03:25:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_SIMONE_MUSSIO_FINAL.pdf: 13008605 bytes, checksum: 2098ac1abaf66b2c7f3b430c0767f9a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-08T17:11:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mussio_sc_dr_arafcl.pdf: 13008605 bytes, checksum: 2098ac1abaf66b2c7f3b430c0767f9a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T17:11:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mussio_sc_dr_arafcl.pdf: 13008605 bytes, checksum: 2098ac1abaf66b2c7f3b430c0767f9a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Este trabalho pretende observar como se dão as negociações de sentidos presentes em videoaulas de escrita/redação científica na internet. Tendo como corpus videoaulas inseridas no YouTube, especificamente os cursos “Escrita Científica: Produção de Artigos de Alto Impacto” e “Método Lógico para Redação Científica”, busca investigar como se constitui este tipo de gênero digital com a ascensão da Web 2.0 e a promoção de diferentes possibilidades de interação em ambiente virtual. Tendo como ancoragem teórico-metodológica a produção epistemológica do Círculo de Bakhtin, objetiva perceber como as videoaulas dialogam, em seus enunciados concretos (verbais e não verbais), com os traços de um fazer instrutivo-educacional, pertencente à esfera didático-pedagógica, bem como com o caráter mercadológico, sobreposto a uma esfera midiático-comercial, dos enunciados materializados nas aulas. No diálogo com as diferentes esferas de atividade, também tenciona verificar como a formalização do fazer científico presente nas aulas passa a nortear até a forma de composição e organização das videoaulas ao se ensinar escrever/redigir cientificamente. Para isso, procurou-se compreender o discurso científico instaurado e difundido no erigir da ciência moderna como modo de situar, dialogicamente, o projeto de dizer dos enunciadores das videoaulas analisadas. Partiu-se do conceito de gêneros discursivos, com o intuito de mostrar como os gêneros sofrem alterações em decorrência do momento histórico no qual estão inseridos. Estudar o gênero videoaula youtubiana como uma atualização do gênero aula, bem como da própria videoaula, foi uma maneira de compreender como o gênero se atualiza em razão das esferas e do mídium (suporte) nos quais ele se engendra. A escolha deste gênero também levou o trabalho a uma discussão sobre os modos de letrar-se cientificamente. Adquirir o conhecimento da escrita, tendo, neste caso, a escrita/redação científica, apreendida em ambiente web, por meio de videoaulas inseridas na internet, dotadas de materialidades “áudio-verbo-visuais”, é, por exemplo, uma nova forma de letramento na atualidade, através de um tipo de Ensino Informal a Distância (EIaD), pautado em tecnologias digitais. Com a função de promover a discussão sobre a constituição do gênero videoaula youtubiana de escrita/redação científica, este trabalho analisou a produção de sentidos de tais aulas a partir da sua verbo-visualidade, da sua forma composicional, da caracterização do ethos dos seus enunciadores (“professores-apresentadores”), da importância atribuída ao seu mídium, tendo em vista seu cronotopo e suas formas de circulação. A reflexão sobre as vozes da ciência presentes no projeto discursivo de tais videoaulas finaliza este trabalho com o objetivo de demonstrar como essas aulas ecoam e silenciam valores científicos construídos ideologicamente na sociedade. / This research intends to observe how meaning negotiations happen in scientific writing/essay video lessons on the internet. Having as corpus video lessons embedded on YouTube, specifically the courses "Scientific Writing: Production of High Impact Articles" and "Logical Method for Scientific Writing", it endeavours to investigate how this type of digital genre is constituted with the rise of Web 2.0 and the promotion of different possibilities of interaction in a virtual environment. Adopting the epistemological production of the Circle of Bakhtin as theoretical and methodological anchoring, it aims to apprehend how the video lessons dialogue, in their concrete statements (verbal and nonverbal), with the traces of an instructive and educational making, belonging to the didactic and pedagogical field, as well as the marketing character, superimposed on a media-business sphere, of the materialized statements in the classes. In dialogue with the different realms of activity, it also intends to verify how the formalization of the scientific making existent in the classes starts to guide even the form of the composition and organization of video lessons when teaching how to write/compose scientifically. To this end, it was sought to understand the scientific discourse established and widespread in the erection of modern science as a mode of placing, dialogically, the enunciators’ saying project of the analyzed video lessons. The starting point was the concept of discursive genres, in order to show how the genders are altered as a result of the historical moment in which they live. Studying the youtubian video lesson gender as an updating of the lesson gender, in addition to the video lesson itself, was a way to understand how gender is updated due to the spheres and medium (support) in which it engenders. The choice of this genre also led the research to a discussion on manners of becoming literate scientifically. Acquiring knowledge of writing, having, in this case, the scientific writing/essay, withdrawn in a web environment, using video lessons embedded on the internet, provided with "audio-verb-visual" materialities, is, for example, a new form of literacy today, through a kind of Distance Informal Learning (EIaD) based on digital technologies. With the function of promoting the discussion on the constitution of the youtubian video lesson genre of scientific writing/essay, this study analyzed the production of meanings of such classes from their verb-visuality, their compositional form, the characterization of the ethos of their enunciators ("teacher presenters"), the importance attributed to their medium, considering their chronotope and their forms of movement. The reflection on the science voices present in the discursive project of such video lessons finishes this research with the purpose of demonstrating how these classes echo and silence scientific values ideologically constructed in society.

Cette thèse propose une nouvelle approche des écrits scientifiques en prenant comme point de départ les marqueurs discursifs (MD). Elle s'inscrit dans le cadre du Français sur Objectif Universitaire (FOU). Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons tout particulièrement aux MD polylexicaux et les intégrons dans une conception large de la phraséologie. La particularité de cette recherche réside dans le fait de relier les descriptions linguistiques des MD et la transposition didactique de ces unités lexicales à l'aide de corpus, ce qui est encore peu abordé dans le champ de la didactique francophone. Nous cherchons à répondre à des objectifs à la fois linguistiques et didactiques. Pour les objectifs linguistiques, nous mettons en place un modèle d'analyse des MD polylexicaux associant les propriétés syntaxiques et sémantiques et qui est tout à fait réadaptable à d'autres MD. Les analyses linguistiques des MD serviront par la suite à l'enseignement/apprentissage de ces unités. Pour les objectifs didactiques, cette recherche vise à concevoir une méthodologie d'enseignement/apprentissage des MD à partir de l'observation de corpus. Les considérations méthodologiques proposées dans le cadre de cette thèse ouvrent des pistes intéressantes pour l'enseignement/apprentissage de ces éléments linguistiques ainsi que pour faciliter l'accès aux écrits scientifiques auprès des étudiants non-natifs. / This thesis proposes a new approach to scientific writings which takes discourse markers as starting point. It is part of the framework of French for Academic Purposes. In this work, we are particularly interested in multi-word discourse markers and we integrate them into a broader concept of phraseology. The particularity of this work lies in linking linguistic descriptions of discourse markers and didactic transposition of these tokens with a corpus, which is still little discussed in the didactic francophone field. We aim to meet two main objectives of linguistic and didactic nature. The linguistic objectives are to set up a model for analyzing multi-word discourse markers that combines both syntactic and semantic properties and is totally reconfigurable to other discourse markers. Linguistic analyses will then be used for the teaching/learning of these units. For didactic purposes, this research aims to develop a methodology for teaching/learning discourse markers from the observation of the corpus. Methodological considerations proposed in the framework of the thesis provide attractive ways for teaching/learning these language elements and for making access to the academic writings easier to non-native students.

In South African universities where the medium of instruction is English, writing and conceptualisation in English Second Language in Life Sciences are problematic for first year learners. This study focused on the extent to which Afrikaans – and Xhosa mother tongue speakers employ strategies in order to cope with the demands of scientific writing and how it affects their academic performance. The Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) and the Cognitive and Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) theories of Cummins as well as the model of Collier provided a theoretical framework for this study. Tests and tutorials were analysed by means of content analysis. Writing strategies such as coherence has an impact on academic performance but there is no set pattern or degree in which different mother tongue speakers employ them. A collaborative approach that sensitises learners to the meaningful use of strategies to enhance their competency in scientific writing is recommended. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Natural Science Education)

Cette recherche constitue une première étape dans l’élaboration d’un dictionnaire de collocations du lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire (LST), conçu pour aider des étudiants ou des chercheurs dans la rédaction de discours scientifiques ou universitaires, quel que soit leur domaine d’études. Elle a permis de concevoir deux modèles originaux d’articles de dictionnaire donnant accès aux collocations de termes nominaux et verbaux caractéristiques du LST. Les modèles d’articles sont ensuite appliqués à la description d’un échantillon de termes nominaux : analyse, caractéristique, figure, hypothèse, rapport et résultat; et verbaux : décrire et étudier. Les articles conçus dans ce mémoire offrent un accès convivial aux collocations du LST en situation de rédaction. Ils ont l’avantage de proposer une organisation cohérente de ce lexique sur les plans syntaxique et sémantique. En outre, ils permettent de présenter les termes du LST dans des contextes variés, ce qui peut contribuer au développement de la compétence lexicale. / This research is the first step in the development of a collocations dictionary of “lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire” (LST), which is similar to the academic vocabulary, a collocations dictionary conceived to help students or researchers in scientific or academic writing, regardless of their field. In this research, we first developed two original models of dictionary articles which provide access to collocations of nouns and verbs characteristic of LST. Secondly, the models are used to describe a sample of nominal terms: analyse, caractéristique, figure, hypothèse, rapport, and résultat; and verbal terms: décrire, and étudier. The models developed in this thesis offer a convenient access to LST collocations in writing context. The advantage of these models is to propose a coherent organization of the lexicon in syntactic and semantic terms. In addition, they are made to present the LST terms in different contexts, which may contribute to the development of lexical competence.

Cette recherche constitue une première étape dans l’élaboration d’un dictionnaire de collocations du lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire (LST), conçu pour aider des étudiants ou des chercheurs dans la rédaction de discours scientifiques ou universitaires, quel que soit leur domaine d’études. Elle a permis de concevoir deux modèles originaux d’articles de dictionnaire donnant accès aux collocations de termes nominaux et verbaux caractéristiques du LST. Les modèles d’articles sont ensuite appliqués à la description d’un échantillon de termes nominaux : analyse, caractéristique, figure, hypothèse, rapport et résultat; et verbaux : décrire et étudier. Les articles conçus dans ce mémoire offrent un accès convivial aux collocations du LST en situation de rédaction. Ils ont l’avantage de proposer une organisation cohérente de ce lexique sur les plans syntaxique et sémantique. En outre, ils permettent de présenter les termes du LST dans des contextes variés, ce qui peut contribuer au développement de la compétence lexicale. / This research is the first step in the development of a collocations dictionary of “lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire” (LST), which is similar to the academic vocabulary, a collocations dictionary conceived to help students or researchers in scientific or academic writing, regardless of their field. In this research, we first developed two original models of dictionary articles which provide access to collocations of nouns and verbs characteristic of LST. Secondly, the models are used to describe a sample of nominal terms: analyse, caractéristique, figure, hypothèse, rapport, and résultat; and verbal terms: décrire, and étudier. The models developed in this thesis offer a convenient access to LST collocations in writing context. The advantage of these models is to propose a coherent organization of the lexicon in syntactic and semantic terms. In addition, they are made to present the LST terms in different contexts, which may contribute to the development of lexical competence.