Structural engineers have traditionally detailed structures with structural and fabrication efficiency in mind, but often based on a limited understanding of thermal efficiency. Some connection designs can create significant thermal bridging, leading to unnecessary heat transfer and even premature degradation through condensation. Thermal bridging occurs when heat transfer is given a path through a more conductive material like concrete or steel rather than insulation. Concrete sandwich wall panels (SWP) tend to be highly efficient at preventing heat transfer in the middle of panels, with greatest heat transfer occurring at connections. This project identified thermally efficient details for future SWP construction to reduce heat transfer, lessen environmental impact, and increase sustainability of SWP structures. It can be particularly difficult to avoid thermal bridging at corbel connections, so 12 corbel specimens were created and tested to provide alternative corbel design options for engineers. Nine details were successfully created and are presented. Corbel specimens were modeled using the Beam-Spring Method with good agreement. After validating the Beam-Spring Model, a parametric study investigated effectiveness of the PCI Second Order Analysis and the effect of length, panel stiffness, and wythe configuration on SWP behavior under axial and flexural loads.

Gegenstand der hier vorgestellten Arbeit ist die Untersuchung von verschiedenen Nachweismöglichkeiten bei in Stegebene belasteten U-Querschnitten als gabelgelagertem Einfeldträger. Es sollen zum Eurocode 3 konforme Berechnungsmethoden untersucht werden, also müssen die Schnittgrößen nach Theorie II. Ordnung ermittelt werden. Unter Berücksichtigung der Wölbkrafttorsion sowie dem Ansatz geometrischer Ersatzimperfektionen mit anschließendem Querschnittsnachweis, soll ein Vergleich mit Bemessungshilfen nach DIN 18800 geführt werden. Weiterhin werden alternative Nachweismöglichkeiten aus der Literatur für ein modifiziertes Ersatzstabverfahren mit den Ergebnissen nach Eurocode 3 verglichen und auf Anwendbarkeit überprüft. Aus den Erkenntnissen sollen Bemessungshilfen für die Praxis bestätigt bzw. entwickelt werden.:Kurzfassung Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis Vorwort 1 Problemstellung 2 Ziel 3 Stand der Technik 4 Grundlagen 4.1 Wölbkrafttorsion 4.2 Teilschnittgrößenverfahren 5 Forschungsberichte für die Praxis 5.1 P 174 5.2 P 251 5.3 Vergleich der Traglasttabellen 5.3.1 Grundsätzliches 5.3.2 Realisierungsweg 5.3.3 Ergebnisse 5.3.4 Schlussfolgerungen 6 Programmbasierte Nachrechnung 6.1 Auswahl der Eingangslast für die Bemessung 6.2 Dlubal RFEM Berechnungen 6.2.1 Voreinstellungen in RFEM 6.2.2 Zusatzmodule und Erweiterungen 6.2.3 Bauteilimperfektionen 6.2.4 Plastische Tragreserven 6.2.5 Ergebnisse 6.2.6 Bewertung der RFEM Nachweise 6.3 pcae 4H-DULAS Berechnung 6.3.1 Voreinstellungen 6.3.2 Anwendungsüberprüfung 6.3.3 Ergebnisse 6.4 Einordnung der Ergebnisse 7 Berechnung mit dem modifizierten Ersatzstabverfahren 7.1 Ideales Biegedrillknickmoment Mcr 7.1.1 RFEM – Biegedrillknickmoment mittels Eigenwertmethode 7.1.2 Ideales Biegedrillknickmoment nach Baláž und Koleková 7.2 Beispielrechnung 8 Auswertung 8.1 Ergebnisse 8.2 Graphische Darstellung Regelfall 8.3 Graphische Darstellung U 300 8.4 Grenzen des modifizierten Ersatzstabverfahrens 8.5 Schlussfolgerung 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Erklärung Anhang / A comparison between different calculation methods of single span girders made of channel sections with fork restraints, subject to web loading is being presented. The calculation method according to Eurocode 3, demands the determination of internal forces to comply to the theory of the 2nd order. Minding the effects of warping torsion, whilst taking geometrical substitute imperfections into account, a cross-section analysis is conducted. The results of said calculation are compared to critical load tables, that have been established for the design rules in DIN 18800. Additional to that, a proposed design rule, based on the equivalent member method, will be included into the comparison and consequently the dimensioning aid will be confirmed or revised.:Kurzfassung Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis Vorwort 1 Problemstellung 2 Ziel 3 Stand der Technik 4 Grundlagen 4.1 Wölbkrafttorsion 4.2 Teilschnittgrößenverfahren 5 Forschungsberichte für die Praxis 5.1 P 174 5.2 P 251 5.3 Vergleich der Traglasttabellen 5.3.1 Grundsätzliches 5.3.2 Realisierungsweg 5.3.3 Ergebnisse 5.3.4 Schlussfolgerungen 6 Programmbasierte Nachrechnung 6.1 Auswahl der Eingangslast für die Bemessung 6.2 Dlubal RFEM Berechnungen 6.2.1 Voreinstellungen in RFEM 6.2.2 Zusatzmodule und Erweiterungen 6.2.3 Bauteilimperfektionen 6.2.4 Plastische Tragreserven 6.2.5 Ergebnisse 6.2.6 Bewertung der RFEM Nachweise 6.3 pcae 4H-DULAS Berechnung 6.3.1 Voreinstellungen 6.3.2 Anwendungsüberprüfung 6.3.3 Ergebnisse 6.4 Einordnung der Ergebnisse 7 Berechnung mit dem modifizierten Ersatzstabverfahren 7.1 Ideales Biegedrillknickmoment Mcr 7.1.1 RFEM – Biegedrillknickmoment mittels Eigenwertmethode 7.1.2 Ideales Biegedrillknickmoment nach Baláž und Koleková 7.2 Beispielrechnung 8 Auswertung 8.1 Ergebnisse 8.2 Graphische Darstellung Regelfall 8.3 Graphische Darstellung U 300 8.4 Grenzen des modifizierten Ersatzstabverfahrens 8.5 Schlussfolgerung 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Erklärung Anhang

There is a lot of demand from society or the government to incorporate ICT into preschool and education in general. However, no research in this area has been found that specifically cites technology's capacity to address concerns connected to planning, and systematic quality work in the preschool context. Technology integration, on the other hand, has ramifications for teachers, who face first- and second-order barriers to technological acceptance. In this study, we identify the determinants of technology acceptance among preschool teachers in Sweden. This study follows a mixed-method approach that comprises 12 semi-structured interviews and a self-completion survey of 9 respondents. The qualitative results were analyzed by a thematic analysis process and the quantitative results with descriptive statistics. We identified that job relevance, external control,  result demonstrability, output quality and internal control are the main determinants that play a crucial role in technological acceptance. We also found the persistence of the first-order barrier to the acceptance of technology. This finding contradicts an earlier study where it was stated that the first-order barriers were decreasing in schools. It was, however, discovered that several first-order obstacles in the form of external control factors still exist. Furthermore, it was also found that social factors such as voluntariness, image and subjective norm did not play a crucial role in technology acceptance. Finally, our results show that the use of technology has helped teachers in the documentation and planning, as well as identify the benefits of systematic quality work.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between second-order change leadership behaviors and the grade assigned to schools in large urban districts by the Florida Department of Education (FLDOE). A total of 101 Title I elementary school principals from large urban school districts with 60+% students on Free and Reduced School Lunch participated in the study. Specifically, this study analyzed 7 of the 21 second-order change factor responsibilities. They include (a) knowledge of curriculum, instruction, assessment, (b) optimizer, (c) intellectual stimulation, (d) change agent, (e) monitoring/evaluating, (f) flexibility, and (g) ideals/beliefs. The findings of this study were delineated through an examination of the data as it was related to the following questions: (a) What are the differences, if any, in the Principal Actions Survey scores of Title I elementary principals based on the 2008 school grade, according to the FLDOE? (b) What relationship, if any, exists among professional demographics of the principals (years at the school, years as an educator, years as an administrator prior to becoming a principal, years as a principal, highest degree earned, age, gender) and the second-order change leadership behaviors? (c) What are the differences, if any, in the second-order change leadership behavior subgroup scores based on the 2008 school grade according to the FLDOE? Although Research Question 1 had no statistical significance, principals who had a higher mean on the Principal Actions Survey led A and B-rated schools. Statistical significance was found in Research Question 2 for the second-order change leadership behavior of Change Agent and Ideals/Beliefs. Though statistical significance was not found in Research Question 3, each mean score for each sub-group in each grade group indicated consistent answers between Strongly Agree and Agree, which demonstrated a large degree of agreement. Additionally, comments from telephone interviews with selected principals determined that these leadership behaviors could positively impact elementary schools and the field of education. Recommendations of the study were to: (a) Conduct a follow-up study to gather the perceptions of teachers from the same Title I schools regarding their principals' second-order change leadership behaviors, (b) conduct a similar study with principals in Title I middle and high school settings, (c) conduct a qualitative study on second-order change leadership behaviors of non-Title I elementary, middle, and high school principals, (d) engage in further research to investigate professional development activities that may assist principals in enhancing second-order change leadership behaviors and improve instruction, (e) investigate the relationship between principals' second-order change leadership behaviors and achievement of Adequate Yearly Progress (f) replicate the study in states other than Florida (g) explore the relationship between second-order change leadership behaviors of district administrators and their district's academic success.

Рассматривается задача о наилучшем приближении оператора Лапласа первого порядка линейными ограниченными операторами с нормой, не превосходящей заданного числа, в пространстве L2(Rn) на классе функций, норма второй степени оператора Лапласа которых ограничена. Также в ходе решения этой задачи получена точная оценка нормы оператора Лапласа первого порядка через норму оператора Лапласа второго порядка и норму функции в пространстве L2(Rn). / We consider the problem of the best approximation of the first order Laplace operator by linear bounded operators with norm not exceeding a given number in the space L2(Rn) on the class of functions with a bounded norm of the second degree of the Laplace operator. We also obtain an exact estimate for the norm of the first order Laplace operator in terms of the norm of the second order Laplace operator and the norm of the function in the space L2(Rn).

Arbetet handlar om utomhuspedagogik inom matematik för elever i årskurs F-3. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur utomhuspedagogik påverkar elevers användning av matematiska begrepp inom subtraktion, längdenheter och geometriska figurer. Studien jämför hur elever använder matematiska begrepp utomhus och inomhus. Studien jämför en klass i årskurs 1 och en klass i årskurs 3 för att undersöka skillnader och likheter i användningen av matematiska begrepp. Utomhuslektionen inom subtraktion och längdenheter för årskurs 1 fokuserade på "minus"-spel och mingel med sifferkort. Eleverna använde huvudsakligen första ordningens språk. Inomhuslektion för årskurs 1 hade fokus på repetition av subtraktion, där eleverna använde mestadels första men även andra ordningens språk. För årskurs 3 observerades en utomhuslektion inom geometriska former och längdenheter samt uppskattning, där eleverna använde till större del andra ordningens språk med vissa inslag av första ordningens språk. Inomhuslektionen i årskurs 3 inkluderade problemlösning inom olika områden, där eleverna använde främst första ordningens språk. Studien visar att utomhuspedagogik kan främja utvecklingen av andra ordningens språk inom matematik genom att koppla matematiska begrepp till verkliga situationer. Elevernas användning av olika språkliga uttryck inom matematiken ökade genom utforskning av matematik utomhus.

Powerful spectroscopic techniques increasingly involve nonlinear processes that arise due to the convolution of more than one electric field - input laser pulse. Analyzing the output of optical processes like these demands the utilization of deterministic improvement tools. Three-color coherent Raman scattering represents a complex non-degenerate four wave mixing process that includes contributions from both resonant and non-resonant interaction of the three input fields to generate a signal. In order to quantify these contributions, effective differentiation of the non- resonant (background) from the resonant (coherent signal) is required. These contributions can be differentiated based on how the molecular vibrational modes are being excited by the input pulses. The work described here demonstrates the ability of second-order correlation spectroscopy, applied along with an all-Gaussian theoretical model to analyze three color coherent Raman scattering processes. It is shown to discriminate between resonant versus non-resonant four wave mixing processes successfully. A robust, femtosecond/picosecond coherent Raman spectroscope is used to observe how the resonant signal builds up in a finite amount of time for different specimens and how it is can be controlled by input laser pulse shaping. A closed-form solution obtained via an all-Gaussian approach provides confirmatory theoretical proof of the experimental results obtained. This technique is used to study hydrogen bonding, which is a vital molecular interaction for bio-molecular systems and yet lacks a profound understanding of its ways of forming complexes. Furthermore, a novel second-order one-dimensional correlation function is introduced that replicates the results of the diagonal sum of the traditional synchronous two- dimensional correlation function, thus reducing a two-dimensional analysis to one-dimension. Along with the first demonstration of these analyses for coherent Raman scattering, a generalized approach is described, which opens up research opportunities to investigate these optical processes' dependence on multiple controlling parameters.

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No description available.