Random closed sets and random marked closed sets present an important general concept for the description of random objects appearing in a topological space, particularly in the Euclidean space. This thesis deals with two major tasks. At first, it is the dimension reduction problem where dependence of a random closed set on underlying spatial variables is studied. Solving this problem allows to find the most significant regressors or, possibly, to identify the redundant ones. This work achieves both theoretical results, based on extending the inverse regression techniques from classical to spatial statistics, and numerical justification of the methods via simulation studies. The second topic is estimation of characteristics of random marked closed sets which is primarily motivated by an application in the microstructural research. Random marked closed sets present a mathematical model for the description of ultrafine-grained microstructures of metals. Methods for statistical estimation of their selected characteristics are developed in the thesis. Correct quantitative characterization of microstructure of metals allows to better understand their macroscopic properties.

Les géomatériaux sont présents dans la nature sous des formes très diverses : sols et rochesin situ solides, argiles ductiles, boues quasiment liquides, etc... La géomécanique s’intéresseà la compréhension du comportement solide des géomatériaux. Cependant, il arrive que sousl’effet de conditions extérieures particulières, des terrains initialement solides se transformenten fluides : c’est ce qui se produit par exemple lors de coulées de boues ou de débris. Dans untel contexte, il existe peu d’outils numériques capables de modéliser les différentes phases ducomportement. Il semble de plus, qu’il n’existe pas à ce jour de modèle constitutif satisfaisantpour décrire une telle transition.Nos travaux s’intéressent de manière générale à la transition solide-fluide dans le comportementdes géomatériaux, et à l’élaboration d’un modèle constitutif décrivant la phase solide, laphase fluide, ainsi que la transition entre les deux. Nous avons choisi dans ce cadre de menerles calculs en nous basant sur la méthode MEFPIL (Méthode aux Éléments Finis avec desPoints d’Intégration Lagrangiens) qui a déjà montré de fortes potentialités pour décrire descomportements très variés (dont des comportements à variables d’histoire), dans un mêmemodèle.Après avoir implanté et validé la première loi élasto-plastique dans Ellipsis (code basé sur laMEFPIL), nous avons pu introduire dans ce code le modèle de transition. Celui-ci se base surl’évolution du comportement solide élasto-plastique vers un comportement fluide, visqueux àseuil, et ce, au moment de la rupture matérielle détectée par le critère du travail du secondordre.Après quelques applications du modèle de transition solide-fluide sur des cas simples et homogènes(en considérant la loi élasto-plastique Plasol et loi visqueuse de Bingham), nous avonsappliqué ce modèle à la modélisation des coulées de boue de Sarno et Quindici (Italie, 1998).Les premiers modèles montrent la possibilité de décrire les trois phases de ce mouvement deterrain (l’initiation, la propagation et l’immobilisation), et nous avons pu étudier l’effet dedifférents paramètres sur l’arrêt contre un ouvrage de protection. / Geomaterials are present in nature in many forms : solid soil or rock, soft clay, almost liquidmud, etc... Geomechanics deals with the understanding the solid behavior of geomaterials.However, solid ground can happen, under specific external conditions, to turn into fluid : asfor example during mudflows or debris flows. In such a context, there are few numerical toolsable of modeling the different phases of the behavior. Furthermore, it seems that there is,nowadays, no satisfactory constitutive model to describe such a transition.Our work concerns, in a general way, solid-fluid transition in geomaterials behavior and thedevelopment of a constitutive model describing both the solid phase, fluid phase, and thetransition between the two. In this framework, we chose to carry out calculations with theFEMLIP numerical method (Finite Element Method with Lagrangians Integration Points)which has shown a strong potential to describe a wide variety of behaviors (including historydependant behavior), in a unique model.Having implemented and validated the first elasto-plastic law in Ellipsis (FEMLIP basedcode), we have introduced in this code the solid-fluid transition model. This last is based onthe evolution, at the failure state detected by the second order work criterion, of the solidelasto-plastic behavior towards a viscous fluid behavior, exhibiting a yield stress.After validation of the solid-fluid transition model in homogeneous cases (considering Plasolelasto-plastic law and Bingham viscous one), we applied this model to the modeling of Sarnoand Quindici mudflows (Italy, 1998). The first models shows the possibility to describe thethree phases of the flow (initiation, propagation and immobilization), and we could study theeffect of various parameters on the stop against a protection work.

Les régions de montagne sont parfois le siège de phénomènes dévastateurs brutaux, tels que les éboulements, les glissements de terrains, ou encore les avalanches. Fondamentalement, ces phénomènes sont issus de la rupture d’un volume de matériau qui va alors s’écouler sous l’effet de son poids propre. Prévoir ces phénomènes impose donc de mieux décrire la phase initiale de rupture. Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans cette volonté, en considérant le cas très général de la rupture dans un milieu granulaire. Pour cela, des simulations numériques utilisant une méthode aux éléments discrets ont été mises en œuvre, afin de vérifier la pertinence des critères usuels de rupture et d’instabilité. Dans un second temps, des analyses plus fines basées sur le travail du second ordre calculé à partir des variables microscopiques ont été menées afin de cerner comment évolue la microstructure de l’assemblage granulaire juste avant et pendant la rupture. Finalement, l’influence du chemin de chargement et des paramètres de contrôle sur la nature (effective ou non effective) et le mode (diffus ou localisé) de rupture a été examinée à travers une série d’essais biaxiaux sur deux échantillons numériques bidimensionnels (dense et moyennement dense). / Landslides and avalanches are the most common brutal and devastating natural hazards in mountain regions. Basically, these phenomena are derived from the failure of a material volume which will then flow under the effect of its own weight. Therefore, predicting these phenomena requires a better description of the initial phase of failure. This work comes within this willingness, considering the very general case of failure in granular media. For this purpose, numerical simulations using a discrete element method were carried out in order to investigate the relevance of the common failure and instability criteria. In a second step, more detailed analyses based on the second order work computed from the microscopic variables were conducted in order to describe the evolution of the microstructure of a granular assembly just before and during the failure. Finally, the influence of the loading path and the control parameters on the nature (effective or non-effective) and the mode (diffuse or localized) of failure was discussed through a series of biaxial tests performed on two-dimensional numerical samples depicting respectively a dense and a medium dense dry sand.

No description available.

An overview of the existing body of knowledge on the most widely researched areas of childhood leukaemia was presented and it was argued that a conceptual shift is required to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the problem. This conceptual shift encompassed an ecosystemic approach. This study was conducted within a holistic systemic epistemology. A qualitative approach employing a case study method to provide rich descriptions of the context in which two leukaemia sufferer's symptoms were embedded. / Psychology / M.A. (Psyhcoloy)

Clinical Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

This thesis constitutes a narrative description of the evolution of my therapeutic self during my training as a clinical psychologist. During the telling of this story, I review the ways in which I was perturbed by the mix between the various theories and the various contexts visited during the years of my post-graduate training. I have described and critically compared my responses to the following models: psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, first-order cybernetic, and secondorder cybernetic (covering the first, second and third movements). Throughout, I have attempted to track the development of a congruent, personal therapeutic self while simultaneously assuming that this self is constantly coming-into-being. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

This study sets out to report on the reflections of a therapist-in-[post-graduate] training on his experiences when endeavouring to shift from [between] a positivistic to [and] a constructivistic paradigm. Reflections on some experiences associated with the positivistic epistemology that were relinquished were described; reflections on experiences associated with the constructivistic epistemology that were gained were described as well as reflections on experiences of both paradigms, that were added. These reflections were based on research data acquired during the researcher's first year of post-graduate training and exposure to the "new" constructivistic paradigm. Transcriptions from audio-taped sessions with a client from the researchers private practice, during this period served as the research data for this study. A literature study attempting to distinguish between the positivistic and constructivistic paradigms is presented. Arising out of this, the implications of a paradigm shift of this nature, is outlined. / Health Studies / M.A. (Mental Health)

Submitted by Laura Rezzieri Gambera null (laura.rgambera@gmail.com) on 2016-04-14T18:58:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de mestrado - Laura R Gambera.pdf: 953384 bytes, checksum: a1e3addb576bbd6acb2de9e0d0d09394 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-18T13:27:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gambera_lr_me_sjrp.pdf: 953384 bytes, checksum: a1e3addb576bbd6acb2de9e0d0d09394 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T13:27:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gambera_lr_me_sjrp.pdf: 953384 bytes, checksum: a1e3addb576bbd6acb2de9e0d0d09394 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho estudamos a existência de solução fraca quase automórfica para equações diferenciais abstratas de segunda ordem descritas na forma x’’(t) = Ax(t) + f(t, x(t)), t real, onde x(t) pertence a X para todo t real, X é um espaço de Banach, A : D(A) C X -> X é o gerador infinitesimal de uma família cosseno fortemente contínua de operadores lineares limitados em X e f : R x X -> X é uma função apropriada. / In this work we study the existence of an almost automorphic mild solution to second order abstract differential equations given by x’’(t) = Ax(t) + f(t, x(t)), t real, where x(t) lies in X for all t real, X is a Banach space, A : D(A) C X ->X is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous cosine family of bounded linear operators on X and f : R x X -> X is an appropriate function. / FAPESP: 2013/22813-3

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-27T16:10:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANA UCHÔA BARROS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2011..pdf: 444205 bytes, checksum: dd1ada684703bcb400e631c5f044668b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T16:10:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIANA UCHÔA BARROS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2011..pdf: 444205 bytes, checksum: dd1ada684703bcb400e631c5f044668b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12 / Capes / Com base na expressão de Pace e Salvan (1997 pág. 30), obtivemos a matriz de covariâncias de segunda ordem dos estimadores de máxima verossimilhança corrigidos pelo viés de ordem n−1 em modelos lineares generalizados, considerando o parâmetro de dispersão desconhecido, porém o mesmo para todas as observações. A partir dessa matriz, realizamos modi cações no teste de Wald. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados através de estudos de simulação de Monte Carlo. / Based on the expression of Pace and Salvan (1997 pág. 30), we obtained the second order covariance matrix of the of the maximum likelihood estimators corrected for bias of order n−1in generalized linear models, considering that the dispersion parameter is the same although unknown for all observations. From this matrix, we made modi cations to the Wald test. The results were evaluated through simulation studies of Monte Carlo.