Master’s thesis deals with design of rail-to-rail second generation current conveyor in CMOS technology. Describes principles of function of different generations of current conveyors, as well as the basic principle of design of second generation current conveyor based on operational amplifier. Addresses circuit topology of input rail-to-rail stage and class AB output stage. The objective of this thesis is to design, characterize performance and create layout of second generation current conveyor with input common mode voltage rail-to-rail capability in ONSemi I3T25 technology.

Les antipsychotiques de seconde génération (ASG) peuvent induire des effets métaboliques tels qu’une prise de poids, des troubles cardio-métaboliques, des effets endocriniens et dans de très rares cas une mort soudaine d’origine cardiaque. Les effets indésirables métaboliques potentiels des ASG doivent être surveillés. L’Alliance canadienne pour la surveillance de l’efficacité et de l’innocuité des antipsychotiques (CAMESA) propose des lignes directrices à cet effet. Les objectifs de cette étude rétrospective sont d’évaluer, à long terme, les taux d’enfants et d’adolescents recevant pour la première fois un ASG bénéficiant d’un monitoring dans les cliniques de santé mentale et de documenter les facteurs qui peuvent les influencer. À cet effet, les dossiers médicaux de 180 enfants et adolescents (âge moyen 13,3 ± 3,1 ans, 54,4 % garçons), traités pour la première fois par ASG entre janvier 2016 et juin 2018, ont été examinés. Les périodes de monitoring ont été divisées en baseline, de 1 à 6 et de 9 à 24 mois. La population étudiée a été stratifiée en enfants (4- 12 ans) vs adolescents (13-18 ans). Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques, le diagnostic psychiatrique et les comorbidités, les types d’ASG et les comédications prescrites, les mesures anthropométriques (MA), la pression artérielle (PA), les bilans sanguins (BS), l’électrocardiogramme (ECG) et les années de pratique du psychiatre ont été collectés. Des tableaux croisés ont été utilisés pour présenter les taux de monitoring. Les catégories ont été comparées par analyse de co-variable. Les taux de patients monitorés ont été comparés à travers les catégories de monitoring, en ayant recours au test exact de Fisher. Nos résultats démontrent des taux de monitoring pour MA, BS et PA de : 55 %, 47,8 % et 46,7 % au baseline ; 50 %, 41,7 % et 45,2 % à 1-6 mois ; et 47,2 %, 41,5 % et 40,6 % à 9-24 mois, respectivement. Des taux de monitoring plus élevés étaient associés de manière significative au statut d’adolescent (MA, BS et PA au baseline ; MA et PA à 1-6 mois), à un diagnostic de trouble psychotique et / ou affectif (MA, BS et PA au baseline ; MA et PA à 1-6 mois; BS à 9-24 mois), avoir ≤ 1 comorbidités psychiatriques (BS à 1-6 mois), et à l’expérience du clinicien (BS et ECG à 1-6 mois). En conclusion, cinq ans après les recommandations de CAMESA, le monitoring métabolique est effectué chez moins de la moitié des patients et diminue tout au long de la durée du traitement. Dans notre échantillon, les catégories d’âge, de diagnostic, de comorbidités psychiatriques et d’expérience du clinicien ont influencé les taux de monitoring. Toutefois, des progrès importants doivent encore être réalisés pour parvenir à un taux de monitoring satisfaisant. / Second generation antipsychotics (SGA) can induce metabolic effects such as weight gain, cardiometabolic disorders, endocrine effects and in very rare cases sudden cardiac death. The potential metabolic side effects of second generation antipsychotics need to be monitored. The Canadian Alliance for Monitoring the Efficacy and Safety of Antipsychotics (CAMESA) offers guidelines for this purpose. The objectives of this retrospective study are to evaluate, the long-term rates of youths receiving monitoring in mental health clinics and document the factors that may influence them. To this end, the charts of 180 children and adolescents (average age 13.3 ± 3.1 years, 54.4 % males) receiving SGA treatment for the first time between January 2016 and June 2018 were reviewed. Monitoring was divided into baseline and 1 to 6 and 9 to 24-month periods. The population under study was stratified into children (4-12 years) vs adolescents (13-18 years). Sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnosis and comorbidities, prescribed SGAs and comedications, anthropometric measurements (AM), blood pressure (BP), blood tests (BT), electrocardiogram (ECG) and the psychiatrist’s years of practice were collected. Cross tables were used to present the monitoring rates. Categories were compared by covariate analysis. Rates of patients monitored across categories were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Our results show that monitoring rates for AM, BT, and BP were: 55 %, 47.8 %, and 46.7 % at baseline, 50 %, 41.7 %, and 45.2 % at 1 to 6 months, and 47.2 %, 41.5 %, and 40.6 % at 9 to 24 months, respectively. Higher monitoring rates were significantly associated with adolescent status vs child (baseline AM, BT, and BP; 1-6-month AM and BP), a diagnosis of psychotic and/or affective disorder (baseline AM, BT, and BP; 1-6-month AM and BP; 9-24-month BT), having ≤ 1 psychiatric comorbidities (1-6-month BT), and clinician’s experience (1-6-month BT and ECG). In conclusion, five years after publication of the CAMESA guidelines, metabolic monitoring is conducted for less than half of patients and decreases over time. In our sample, age, diagnostic category, psychiatric comorbidities, and clinician’s experience influenced the monitoring rates. Major progress still needs to be made before reaching a satisfactory level of monitoring.

This paper analyzes the relationship between citizenship, civil society and nation state. It argues that citizenship is often viewed only in relation to the state and its active potential - arising from public activities mediated through communication media and civil society institutions - is neglected. As a result increasing number of permanent resident immigrants is in a long run denied full political rights which in turn endangers representative potential of liberal democracies. In the Czech Republic this situation concerns Vietnamese immigrant children who, though fully integrated into the Czech society and able to actively participate in public space, i.e. able to use the active citizenship element, usually do not enjoy Czech citizenship status (passive citizenship) and therefore they are not represented in public administration bodies. Current system of granting of Czech citizenship endangers representative character of our democracy and at the same time does not utilize the potential of young active people living in our territory for a long time.

Similar to other immigrant populations in the United States, Haitians have a migratory history of escaping from political turmoil, natural disasters, and extreme poverty (Zephir, 2004). However, Haitian Americans remain one of the underserved populations in the United States. Marginalized yet resilient, Haitian families in the U.S. continue to display strength in the face of adversity. Second-generation Haitian-American college graduates are the evidence of such strengths. There is very little research focused on second-generation Haitian-American college graduates’ perspective on the possible familial influences pertaining to education. Using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) design and Bowen’s Family Systems Theory as a theoretical framework, this study explored the lived experiences of seven selected selfidentified second-generation Haitian-American college graduates. The study was driven by three questions: 1. How do second-generation Haitian-American college graduates describe their cultural views on education? 2. How do these cultural views on education inform or influence Haitian families living in South Florida? 3. What are the lived experiences of second-generation Haitian-American college graduates regarding their family of origin’s influences on them as it pertains to education? Six themes emerged as a result: Multigenerational Method of Transmission, Reminiscent Educational Dialogue, Education as Economic Protection, Expected Educational Momentum, Future Multigenerational Method of Transmission, and Broadening the Educational View. It is the hope of the researcher that this study will expand marriage and family therapists’ understanding of the possible cultural/familial concerns, as well as, possible strengths and resources when working with Haitian families.

Ce mémoire analyse la question de la désaffiliation et les concepts afférents chez les évangéliques de deuxième génération au Québec nés de parents convertis et socialisés dans le milieu évangélique. Au Canada depuis 2011, on remarque une tendance générale à une croissance modérée, si ce n’est une stabilité des groupes évangéliques. Derrière cette relative stabilité, l’on trouve notamment le phénomène de la désaffiliation religieuse, à savoir une désadhésion, un désengagement et une désidentification du milieu évangélique. Cette recherche est menée selon une approche qualitative biographique et semi-directive auprès de douze désaffiliés issus du milieu évangélique québécois. L’analyse des données prend appui sur les cadres théoriques conceptualisant la succession des générations, la déconversion et la désaffiliation. Il ressort que du point de vue générationnel la désaffiliation constitue un produit de la modernité tardive autour de la question du choix religieux, de la mobilité géographique et de l’adaptation des nouvelles églises urbaines. Du point de vue des enjeux spécifiquement liés au milieu évangélique, la désaffiliation survient pour certains interrogés suite à des difficultés à reproduire un modèle de conversion dominant véhiculé par la première génération et central à l’identité évangélique. À la fin des années 1990, le passage de l’école chrétienne publique, ou de l’école à la maison, vers l’univers de l’éducation publique déconfessionnalisée, produit une forme de « choc scolaire » amorçant une remise en question suscitant un début de « désadhésion ». Au mode de vie évangélique « tout ou rien », s’imbrique l’idéal de la pureté sexuelle et du mariage dont l’échec vient aussi agir comme déclencheur de désaffiliation engendrant le « désengagement » religieux. Au fil de la vie de ces membres, la désaffiliation se produit selon une chronologie marquée généralement par un désengagement suivi d’une « désidentification ». Enfin, par son examen de la trajectoire des trois quarts des interrogés s’orientant vers la non-religion, cette recherche contribue à l’élargissement des connaissances concernant la manière dont la désaffiliation évangélique contribue à la croissance du phénomène des sans-religions. Elle comble un manque de données empiriques concernant le sujet de la désaffiliation religieuse au sein des milieux du Réveil évangélique et québécois. / This master thesis analyzes the issue of disaffiliation and related concepts among second- generation evangelicals in Quebec born of converted parents and socialized in the evangelical milieu. In Canada since 2011, there has been a general trend of moderate growth, if not stability, among evangelical groups. Behind this relative stability lies the phenomenon of religious disaffiliation, that is, disadhesion, disengagement, and disidentification from the evangelical milieu. This research is conducted using a qualitative biographical and semi-directive approach with twelve disaffiliated persons from the evangelical milieu in Quebec. The analysis of the data is based on theoretical frameworks that conceptualize disaffiliation, deconversion, and generational succession. It emerges that from a generational point of view, disaffiliation is a product of late modernity around the issue of religious choice, geographic mobility, and the adaptation of new urban churches. From the point of view of issues specifically linked to the evangelical milieu, disaffiliation occurs for some respondents as a result of difficulties in reproducing a dominant conversion model conveyed by the first generation and central to evangelical identity. At the end of the 1990s, the transition from public Christian schools, or homeschooling, to the world of deconfessionalized public education produced a form of "school shock" that initiated a questioning that led to the beginning of disadhesion. To the evangelical way of life "all or nothing" is interwoven with the ideal of sexual purity and marriage whose failure also acts as a trigger of disaffiliation generating religious disengagement. Throughout these members' lives, disaffiliation occurs according to a chronology generally marked by disengagement followed by disidentification. Finally, by examining the trajectory of three- quarters of respondents moving toward non-religion, this research contributes to the expansion of knowledge about how evangelical disaffiliation contributes to the growth of the phenomenon of the non-religious. It fills a gap in empirical data concerning the subject of religious disaffiliation within the Evangelical Revival in Quebec milieu.

The Holocaust represented humanities first confrontation with unparalleled destruction and evil unchecked. It continues to impact upon the lives of survivors, their children- the second generation- and generations thereafter. The study aimed to provide the second generation with a voice. Their roles within their respective family systems and the impact of the Holocaust upon them are explored. The theoretical framework is social constructionism. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with three adults whose parent/s are survivors. The manner of analysis was `Hermeneutic.' The participants' narratives took the form of interview transcripts. These were analysed and themed by the researcher. Themes that repeated themselves were elaborated upon and later linked with the available literature. The researcher hopes that the dissertation will contribute to existing research on the multigenerational effects of trauma in relation to familial and individual roles and memory. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

Harming the dignity of the learner; refusing to hear his side of the story; neglecting to help him retrieve his stolen property : such are the unfortunate occurrences at many South African schools, and such are the experiences that have led to this research. Dedicated educators sometimes default, leaving their wronged learners out m the cold. The questions are therefore: • What causes this conduct of educators and why does it recur? • Is it ignorance of their legal position? • Is it insensitivity to common law principles and statutory provisions? • Is it sheer carelessness? Mindful of the introduction of the South African Constitution Act 108 of 1996, wh1ch contains the long-awaited Bill of Fundamental Rights, this study has been undertaken to give an educational-juridical perspective of the educator-learner relationship 1n South African public schools by means of a literature study and an elementary legal comparative study. Various legal terms which influence the educator-learner relationship significantly are defined. In conjunction with the private law status of the learner, the position of the learner within the school system, and the fundamental rights of the learner in the context of the administration of justice are identified and dealt with in so far as they have any bearing on the educator-learner relationship, Moreover, the legal determinants of the educator-learner relationship and the educator's duty of care are pinpointed to determine their significance in an accountable, responsive and open educator-learner relationship, A comparative school law perspective of the sources of school law, the duties and responsibilities of educators, the fundamental rights and legal obligations of the learner, the educator's duty of care, discipline and legal liability in England and Wales, Canada, Japan, and South Africa is presented in terms of similarities and differences, Attention is paid to the necessity of informing educators and learners concerning their respective rights and duties, in order to develop accountable, responsive and open educator-learner relationships in South African schools, / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000

一、金融危機的理論模型可分為:1.第一代模型:基本面惡化。2.第二代模型:傳染蔓延效果。3.第三代模型:預期心理效果。 二、台灣發生金融危機的成因為:1.土地投機過深。2.股票持有過多。3.交叉持股，過度融資。4.借殼上市。 三、台灣發生金融危機的後果為: 1.資產價格下跌，影響家計消費。2.經濟成長率下降。3.銀行業逾放比率增加、資產品質惡化、退票比率增加、資產報酬率下降。 四、台灣發生金融危機政府採取的因應對策及其效果為:1.一般性管制。2.選擇性信用管制。3.調降金融業營業稅:降稅所增加的盈餘，幫助銀行沖銷呆帳，降低逾放比率。4.金融業合併:(1)業務同性質很高，將以節省成本為主要目的。(2)官股成分的銀行進行合併。5.展延問題企業本息攤還半年。6.護盤:(1)企業界護盤:釀成母子公司財務危機。(2)財政部成立「股市穩定基金小組」。7.銀行業不動產擔保品需於兩年內處分完畢。8.限制分行設立家數，誘導新銀行承受信用合作社。9.嚴禁抽銀根，以配合政府紓困政策。 五、日本發生金融危機的成因為:1.政界、官員、財界與黑道操縱股價。2.交叉持股，過度融資。3.土地投機過深。4.大藏省及日銀失職。5.決策當局無法適當處理。 六、日本發生金融危機的後果為:1.經濟成長停滯。2.企業部門財務結構惡化、破產家數及債務創新高。3.失業率創新高。4.財政赤字惡化及國民負擔增加。5.金融機構債信評等下降、資本適足性規定與股、匯市重挫導致金融機構惜貸。6.銀行業逾放比率增加、資產品質惡化、資產報酬率下降。7.資產價格下跌，影響家計消費。 七、日本發生金融危機政府採取的因應對策及其效果為: (一)振興景氣方案成效評析:自1992年起推出多次振興經濟方案，惟未進行制度面及供給面結構改革，銀行龐大呆帳問題一再拖延，財政赤字不斷擴大。 (二)租稅政策成效評析: 1997年提高消費稅稅率並廢除特別減稅措施，且增加醫療保險自負額，同時公共投資減少3兆日圓，被認為是振興經濟的絆腳石。 (三)貨幣政策成效評析:貼現率由1993年8月30日的6%逐漸調降至歷史新低點，但寬鬆貨幣政策的效果，幾乎無法發揮。 (四)金融改革成效評析:1.1996年:實施金融大改革，逐步解除金融市場各項管制，期望在2001年可以與紐約、倫敦的金融市場並駕其驅；但卻在1997年中為金融風暴所阻。2.1997年:(1)通過日銀法修正法案，賦予日銀自主性。(2)大藏省改革法案，可下令銀行停止營業，而不再採行事前指導與保護。3.1998年:實施(1)「新外匯化」、「金融系統改革法」、「金融機能安定化法」、「存款保險修正法案」:以公共資金購買特別股方式挹注銀行資本，由於挹注金額過低，且外界對審查過程質疑甚深。(3)實施「金融再生法」:成立「金融再生委員會」，解決問題銀行；同時合併住專管理公司與處理回收銀行:專司負責處理銀行不良債權；惟面臨適任人選不足的問題。同時與大藏省共同管理，故其「獨立」、「專責」的角色亦受到質疑。 (4)實施「金融早期健全法案」:率先對受困的金融機構提供援助。4.1999年:對大型銀行、地方銀行的官方資金投入期限至2001年3月底止，防金融界的過度依賴。5.2000年:成立金融廳，強化金融體系，確保金融管理的透明化，加強與國際合作為職志。 八、台灣與日本金融危機的比較 (一)相同點:1.外債小於外匯存底。2.內債赤字逐漸擴大。3.貿易收支都有盈餘，惟貿易盈餘與國內投資有趨緩的現象，造成經濟成長率下降，股、匯市下跌。4.有產業及資金外移的現象。5.銀行有特權貸放，造成道德危機與逆選擇。 (二)相異點:1.技術層次不同:日本的研發水準有其獨特之處，台灣OEM較多，大都接美、日訂單，受美、日景氣衰退的影響既大且深。2.政治穩定性不同:日本長達近10年的短命內閣，政策前後無法一致性，責任承擔不明，台灣則無此現象。3.佔世界經濟體的地位不同:日本佔世界經濟體第二大，台灣佔世界經濟體第二十一大，所以日本的產能比台灣大。4.工資與地租成本結構不同:日本的工資與地租成本是台灣的2.5倍，所以景氣下滑較早發生，趨緩的時間亦較長。 九、台灣與日本金融危機經驗給吾人之改革啟示 (一)在銀行制度應有的改革:1.強化金融監理體系，力求金融監理一元化。2.鼓勵金融機構合併。3.設立資產管理公司。4.成立控股公司。 (二)在貨幣市場應有的改革:1.發行票券的公司需經信用評等。2.建立票券業務防火牆及內控制度。3.貨幣市場共同基金與銀行體系進行競爭，可提升競爭力。 (三)在資本市場應有的改革:1.降低股市的財務槓桿比率，適度調低融資成數。2.加強查緝丙種經紀人。3.提高法人投資比重，使市場結構趨於穩定，降低股市的波動性。4.加強取締內線交易。 (四)在外匯市場應有的改革:1.匯率制度儘量尊重市場供需機能。2.如果外債過高，過度引進外資易造成金融機構信用過度膨脹。而企業負債比例過高、若資金過度流向股市及不動產投機市場，金融機構易導致鉅額呆帳或倒閉。3.央行對無本金交割遠期外匯投機交易應有嚴格的規定，避免外匯過度投機。 (五)在產業政策應有的改革:1.未來高科技的發展，不應再依循以往政府專案資助的模式，宜交由市場機制，自行運作。2.政府只要提供良好的投資環境，並建立良好的制度與規範。3.企業界需培植高級人才，提升研發能力。 十、結論:(一)發生金融危機，市場運作偏離常軌，政府的短期救急措施顯得非常重要。(二)就中長期而言，為加速經濟結構的調整，因應泡沫經濟的衝擊，政府由擴大公共投資、貫徹自由化政策及加速產業升級三方面著手。(三)日本振興經濟方案偏重公共投資，且方案執行有時間落後。(四)日本財政赤字嚴重惡化，影響經濟復甦腳步。(五)日本主政者未針對經濟的病因，進行結構性改革。 十一、政策性意含:(一)慎評擴大內需效果。(二)貨幣政策應同時兼顧內需市場與國際市場。(三)政府需研擬整套金融改革方案。(四)日本金融改革給台灣的啟示。 第一章 緒論----------------------------------------------------1 第一節 研究背景與目的--------------------------------------1 第二節 研究內容與架構--------------------------------------4 第三節 研究方法與限制--------------------------------------7 第四節 研究期間與資料來源之限制----------------------------7 第五節 文獻回顧--------------------------------------------7 第二章 台灣金融危機的成因、後果及政府因應對策-----------------15 第一節 台灣金融危機的期間與背景---------------------------15 第二節 台灣金融危機的成因分析-----------------------------19 第三節 台灣金融危機的後果分析-----------------------------32 第四節 台灣金融危機的政府因應對策-------------------------40 第五節 台灣金融危機的政府因應對策效果評析-----------------58 第三章 日本金融危機的成因、後果及政府因應對策-----------------70 第一節 日本金融危機的期間與背景---------------------------70 第二節 日本金融危機的成因分析---------------------------- 78 第三節 日本金融危機的後果分析---------------------------- 85 第四節 日本金融危機的政府因應對策-------------------------89 第五節 日本金融危機的政府因應對策效果評析--------------------103 第四章 台灣與日本金融危機的成因、後果及政府因應對策 之比較----------------------------------------------- 114 第一節 台、日金融危機成因之比較分析----------------------114 第二節 台、日金融危機後果之比較分析----------------------119 第三節 台、日金融危機政府因應對策之比較分析--------------125 第四節 台、日金融危機政府因應對策效果之比較分析----------142 第五章 台灣與日本金融危機經驗給吾人之改革啟示----------------146 第一節 在銀行制度應有的改革------------------------------146 第二節 在貨幣市場應有的改革------------------------------154 第三節 在資本市場應有的改革------------------------------157 第四節 在外匯市場應有的改革------------------------------161 第五節 在產業政策應有的改革----------------------------------163 第六章 結論--------------------------------------------------166 第一節 本文主要發現--------------------------------------166 第二節 本文政策性意涵------------------------------------169 註 釋-----------------------------------------------------174 參考書目-----------------------------------------------------178

The purpose of this current study was to determine the role of acculturation, ethnic identity, and religious fatalism regarding attitudes towards seeking psychological help among Coptic (Egyptian Christian) Americans. In addition, differences between groups of gender and generational status, first-generation adult immigrants versus U.S.-born second-generation Copts, were analyzed. The study had a total sample of 91 individuals that self-identified as Coptic by race and/or Coptic Orthodox by religion, who voluntarily completed an anonymous online questionnaire. Results indicate that ethnic identity and acculturation are strong predictors of religious fatalistic beliefs, and those who identified as having more Arab ethnic identity and less assimilation to dominate culture have stronger religious fatalistic beliefs than those who identified with more western culture and an American ethnic identity. However, religious fatalism and ethnic identity were not significant predictors of attitudes towards seeking psychological help, and other variables such as stigma, language barriers, and skepticism of western psychology may be better predictors of attitudes towards seeking psychological help. Between groups comparisons identified subtle differences between males and females, and between first and second-generation Coptic Americans on acculturation, ethnic identity, and religious fatalism, but the groups were not statistically significant from one another. Clinical implications and directions for future research will also be discussed.

Harming the dignity of the learner; refusing to hear his side of the story; neglecting to help him retrieve his stolen property : such are the unfortunate occurrences at many South African schools, and such are the experiences that have led to this research. Dedicated educators sometimes default, leaving their wronged learners out m the cold. The questions are therefore: • What causes this conduct of educators and why does it recur? • Is it ignorance of their legal position? • Is it insensitivity to common law principles and statutory provisions? • Is it sheer carelessness? Mindful of the introduction of the South African Constitution Act 108 of 1996, wh1ch contains the long-awaited Bill of Fundamental Rights, this study has been undertaken to give an educational-juridical perspective of the educator-learner relationship 1n South African public schools by means of a literature study and an elementary legal comparative study. Various legal terms which influence the educator-learner relationship significantly are defined. In conjunction with the private law status of the learner, the position of the learner within the school system, and the fundamental rights of the learner in the context of the administration of justice are identified and dealt with in so far as they have any bearing on the educator-learner relationship, Moreover, the legal determinants of the educator-learner relationship and the educator's duty of care are pinpointed to determine their significance in an accountable, responsive and open educator-learner relationship, A comparative school law perspective of the sources of school law, the duties and responsibilities of educators, the fundamental rights and legal obligations of the learner, the educator's duty of care, discipline and legal liability in England and Wales, Canada, Japan, and South Africa is presented in terms of similarities and differences, Attention is paid to the necessity of informing educators and learners concerning their respective rights and duties, in order to develop accountable, responsive and open educator-learner relationships in South African schools, / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000