Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division in sexually reproducing eukaryotes. Crossovers are physical connections formed between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; these connections help ensure normal segregation of homologous chromosomes at meiosis I. However, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other eukaryotes can still segregate homologs properly even in the absence of some crossovers. This is due to a backup mechanism known as distributive segregation, which correctly segregates non-crossover chromosomes at a higher rate than if segregation were completely random. To study distributive segregation, we have generated diploid yeast with one homeologous chromosome pair consisting of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome V and a Saccharomyces carlsbergensis chromosome V. This pair of chromosomes rarely recombine resulting in crossing over occurring in less than 3% of meiosis. Appropriate segregation of this chromosome pair during meiosis will depend on distributive segregation; we can then assess the possible roles of candidate proteins in distributive segregation through determination of the effect of mutation on segregation of this chromosome pair. Our work has focused on the roles of three proteins, Ndj1, Tid1, and Spo16. These three proteins affect meiosis in many ways, including the efficiency of crossover regulation and the overall timing of meiosis, but their roles during distributive segregation are not fully known. A comparison of spore viability among WT, ndj1, and tid1 strains reveals an elevated incidence of 2-spore-viable tetrads (suggestive of chromosome nondisjunction) in ndj1, but not tid1; these results suggest that the Ndj1 protein, but not the Tid1 protein, plays some role in distributive segregation. spo16 strains seem to also show elevated levels of 2-spore-viable tetrads, but due to a lack of data no deductions can be made about the role of Spo16 in distributive segregation.

En stark politisk självständighet på kommunal nivå i Sverige kan innebära skillnader i målsättningar och förutsättningar för integration under olika mandatperioder och koalitioner. Denna uppsats undersöker integrationspolitikens strategier och vill således undersöka och jämföra hur partiernas årsplaner förhåller sig till det som i forskning definieras som integration. vi vill exemplifiera hur kommunala politiker i den valda kommunen arbetar med sin integrationspolitik, vilka likheter och skillnader finns det mellan olika majoritetsstyren i dess årsplaner? Strävar majoriteterna efter multikulturell politik, segregerad politik eller assimilerings politik? Materialet i studien som har analyserats är Eskilstuna kommuns majoritetspartiers årsplaner som ligger till grund för studien. I dessa årsplaner har vi fokuserat på att ta ut väsentliga delar som kan kopplas till integrationspolitik. Vi har utgått från Hermansson (1984) idékomplex “varat, ”börat” och görat” Begreppens utformning utgör majoriteternas likheter, skillnader och åtgärder för problemet. I vårt fall utgår vi från hur majoriteternas idéer kring integration formuleras. Vi kommer även att utgå från tre dimensioner, där vi vill diskutera hur årsplanerna förhåller sig i verkligheten till dessa dimensioner av integrationspolitik. Grunden för dimensionerna bygger på Carl Dahlströms integrationsmodeller som delas upp i tre komponenter assimilering, mångkulturalism samt segregationEn slutsats vi har kommit fram till i studien är att alla årsplaner ser en verklighetsbild som bygger på ett samhälle som är segregerat. Alla majoriteter är överens om att det finns ojämlikheter och skillnader i samhället som gör att olika individer inte har samma rättigheter, möjligheter och skyldigheter att delta i samhället. Vi ser även att alla partimajoriteter är överens om att man vill minska på dessa skillnader och vidta åtgärder för att detta ska ske. I detta steg börjar årsplanerna skilja sig åt där de strategiska målen och åtgärderna riktar sig åt olika håll.

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My research looks at the way that changing neighborhood racial composition impacts property values. Housing market reactions to changing neighborhood racial composition may be one of the primary reasons for persistently high levels of black-white residential segregation. Most of the previous research on this topic was done in the 1960's and 1970's, and there is reason to expect that the patterns may have shifted since then. By focusing on the 1990-2005 time period, my research significantly updates the age-old question of "Do property values drop when blacks move in?" The geographical focus of this project is the greater Philadelphia Metropolitan area, however, the patterns observed are likely similar to other US post-industrial cities, particularly of the Northeast and Midwest. Recent home sales transactions are used to estimate property values by tract, which in turn is used to calculate home value appreciation. Decennial census data is used to quantify the shift in neighborhood racial composition, and National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) data is used to examine whether or not school district racial composition has a separate impact more significant than neighborhood racial composition. The major finding is that neighborhoods which experienced substantial racial transition had lower levels of home value appreciation than comparable predominately white neighborhoods. My results suggest that the dynamics of the housing market further exacerbate the racial inequality that is already present in the labor market and in educational attainment, which subsequently contributes to a large and persistent racial wealth gap. / Sociology

Controlled decarburization experiments were carried out on ternary and quaternary iron alloys. The planar ferrite interfaces formed during decarburization were subsequently investigated using atom probe tomography (APT) to measure interfacial segregation. The segregation results for the Fe-Si-C, Fe-Mn-C, and Fe-Mo-C were used to improve the three-jump-model developed Zurob et al. These three systems were accurately modelled using interfacial binding energy values in agreement with the atom probe tomography results. Qualitative explanations for the modelling results of Sun et al. on the Fe-Mn-Mo-C system and Qiu et al. on the Fe-Mn-Si-C system have also been provided using the results from the atom probe tomography investigation. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc) / Controlled decarburization experiments were carried out on ternary and quaternary iron alloys. The planar ferrite interfaces formed during decarburization were subsequently investigated using atom probe tomography (APT) to measure interfacial segregation. The segregation results for the Fe-Si-C, Fe-Mn-C, and Fe-Mo-C were used to improve the three-jump-model developed Zurob et al. These three systems were accurately modelled using interfacial binding energy values in agreement with the atom probe tomography results. Qualitative explanations for the modelling results of Sun et al. on the Fe-Mn-Mo-C system and Qiu et al. on the Fe-Mn-Si-C system have also been provided using the results from the atom probe tomography investigation.

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Scholarship on occupational gender segregation has almost exclusively focused on women’s experiences (e.g., as targets of discrimination in masculine domains), yet understanding factors that perpetuate men’s underrepresentation in traditionally feminine occupations is equally important. In my dissertation, I examine a consequential dynamic early in the job search process in which individuals come to learn that an occupation that fits them is perceived as stereotypically feminine versus masculine. Specifically, I develop and test the prediction that the perceived femininity or masculinity of occupations will exert a stronger impact on men’s (versus women’s) interest in them, such that men will be less interested in gender-atypical occupations than women. Across six studies (N = 4,914), I consistently observed robust evidence for this prediction among diverse samples, including high school students, unemployed job seekers, US adults, and undergraduates, and using experimental and archival methods. I observed this asymmetry after controlling for alternative accounts related to economic factors (e.g., expected salary), suggesting that they alone cannot fully explain men’s lack of interest in feminine occupations, as previously discussed in the literature. Further, I consistently observed that men, compared to women, show heightened sensitivity to gender-based occupational status, and men’s greater sensitivity to gender-based occupational segregation explains men’s (versus women’s) reduced interest in gender-atypical occupations. Notably, an intervention aimed at addressing men’s sensitivity to gender-based occupational status effectively increased their interest in a traditionally feminine occupation. Though past scholarship suggests that increasing pay is key to stoking men’s interest in feminine occupations, this research suggests that targeting men’s sensitivity to gender-based occupational status may be an underappreciated pathway to reducing gender segregation.