El autor de la tesis busca esclarecer qué es lo que implica la deposesión de los bienes incautados y cuáles son los efectos tributarios, respecto del Impuesto a la Renta e Impuesto General a las Ventas de este retiro de los bienes del patrimonio del usuario. / Trabajo de investigación

Des composites à matrice alumine contenant des nanoparticules métalliques (FeCr ou Fe) avec ou sans nanotubes de carbone (NTC) et densifiés par frittage flash (Spark Plasma Sintering, SPS) ont été étudiés dans des conditions de frottement oscillant de faible amplitude (fretting-usure) et de glissement alternatif. Un dispositif de fretting à débattement non imposé a été utilisé pour permettre aux matériaux en contact de s'adapter librement afin de simuler et d'identifier le phénomène de grippage dans différentes conditions de chargement (constant, progressif, avec ou sans ouverture de contact). Une modélisation paramétrique a permis de définir précisément les coefficients de frottement, les seuils de grippage et les énergies dissipées dans le contact. Les résultats obtenus présentent de grandes similitudes à faibles charges, mais on constate systématiquement une transition de charge brutale conduisant à une forte dégradation des composites avec NTC juste avant un grippage prématuré. Un dispositif d'acquisition d'émission acoustique a été utilisé sur certains essais pour identifier et suivre in situ les différentes phases de dégradation observées au cours du frottement. Des essais complémentaires en glissement alternatif, avec débattements imposés, ont également été réalisés afin de préciser le comportement en usure des composites étudiés. L'ensemble des résultats de fretting et de glissement ont permis de hiérarchiser les performances tribologiques des différents composites et conduit à l'identifier l'évolution des mécanismes d'usure en relation avec la présence d'un tribofilm à l'interface de contact. / Alumina matrix composites containing metal nanoparticles (Fe or FeCr) with or without carbon nanotubes (CNT) densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were studied under low amplitude oscillating friction conditions (fretting-wear) and reciprocating sliding. A free displacement fretting machine was used to enable contact materials to adapt freely to simulate and identify the seizure phenomenon under different loading conditions (constant, progressive, with or without contact aperture). Parametric modeling has helped to define precisely friction coefficients, seizure thresholds and dissipated energy in the contact. The results are very similar at low loads, but there is always a sharp transition at higher loads leading to severe degradation of composites with CNT just before an early seizure. An acquisition instrument of acoustic emission has been used during several tests to identify and monitor in situ different stages of degradation observed during friction. Additional tests under reciprocating sliding with imposed displacements have also been made for further understanding of wear behavior of composites. The overall results of fretting and reciprocating sliding helped to prioritize the tribological performances of different composites and lead to identify changes in wear mechanisms in relation with occurrence of a tribofilm in the contact interface.

Epilepsy affects up to 1% of the world's population and approximately 2.5 million people in the United States. A considerable portion (30%) of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and surgery can not be an effective candidate if the focus of the seizure is on the eloquent cortex. To overcome the problems with existing solutions, a notable portion of biomedical research is focused on developing an implantable or wearable system for automated seizure detection and control. Seizure detection algorithms based on signal rejection algorithms (SRA), deep neural networks (DNN), and neighborhood component analysis (NCA) have been proposed in the IoMT framework. The algorithms proposed in this work have been validated with both scalp and intracranial electroencephalography (EEG, icEEG), and demonstrate high classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The occurrence of seizure can be controlled by direct drug injection into the epileptogenic zone, which enhances the efficacy of the AEDs. Piezoelectric and electromagnetic micropumps have been explored for the use of a drug delivery unit, as they provide accurate drug flow and reduce power consumption. The reduction in power consumption as a result of minimal circuitry employed by the drug delivery system is making it suitable for practical biomedical applications. The IoMT inclusion enables remote health activity monitoring, remote data sharing, and access, which advances the current healthcare modality for epilepsy considerably.

This diploma thesis deals with the experimental study of the influence of operating conditions on the tribological aspects of the wheel flange and rail gauge contact. The wheel flange contact occurs when the vehicle moves on a curve track and it leads to severe up to catastrophic wear regime. For effective reduction of wear is important to apply a suitable amount of lubricant at appropriate intervals into the contact. The issue in this work comprehensively studies using of three laboratory apparatus and six methods that are theoretically and experimentally compared. Assessed are friction, wear, distribution and film thickness of lubricants for different contact conditions. The resulted amount of lubricant and interval of its application eliminates development of seizure at low consumption of lubricant. The understanding of mechanisms that occur in the wheel-rail contact not only helps to reduce operating costs and improved to energy efficiency of movement of vehicle on a track, but it is the basis for safe, reliable and ecological operation of rail transport.

The Internet in its most basic form is a complex information sharing organism. There are billions of interconnected elements with varying capabilities that work together supporting numerous activities (services) through this information sharing. In recent times, these elements have become portable, mobile, highly computationally capable and more than ever intertwined with human controllers and their activities. They are also rapidly being embedded into other everyday objects and sharing more and more information in order to facilitate automation, signaling that the rise of the Internet of Things is imminent. In every human society there are always miscreants who prefer to drive against the common good and engage in illicit activity. It is no different within the society interconnected by the Internet (The Internet Society). Law enforcement in every society attempts to curb perpetrators of such activities. However, it is immensely difficult when the Internet is the playing field. The amount of information that investigators must sift through is incredibly massive and prosecution timelines stated by law are prohibitively narrow. The main solution towards this Big Data problem is seen to be the automation of the Digital Investigation process. This encompasses the entire process: From the detection of malevolent activity, seizure/collection of evidence, analysis of the evidentiary data collected and finally to the presentation of valid postulates. This paper focuses mainly on the automation of the evidence capture process in an Internet of Things environment. However, in order to comprehensively achieve this, the subsequent and consequent procedures of detection of malevolent activity and analysis of the evidentiary data collected, respectively, are also touched upon. To this effect we propose the Live Evidence Information Aggregator (LEIA) architecture that aims to be a comprehensive automated digital investigation tool. LEIA is in essence a collaborative framework that hinges upon interactivity and sharing of resources and information among participating devices in order to achieve the necessary efficiency in data collection in the event of a security incident. Its ingenuity makes use of a variety of technologies to achieve its goals. This is seen in the use of crowdsourcing among devices in order to achieve more accurate malicious event detection; Hypervisors with inbuilt intrusion detection capabilities to facilitate efficient data capture; Peer to Peer networks to facilitate rapid transfer of evidentiary data to a centralized data store; Cloud Storage to facilitate storage of massive amounts of data; and the Resource Description Framework from Semantic Web Technologies to facilitate the interoperability of data storage formats among the heterogeneous devices. Within the description of the LEIA architecture, a peer to peer protocol based on the Bittorrent protocol is proposed, corresponding data storage and transfer formats are developed, and network security protocols are also taken into consideration. In order to demonstrate the LEIA architecture developed in this study, a small scale prototype with limited capabilities has been built and tested. The prototype functionality focuses only on the secure, remote acquisition of the hard disk of an embedded Linux device over the Internet and its subsequent storage on a cloud infrastructure. The successful implementation of this prototype goes to show that the architecture is feasible and that the automation of the evidence seizure process makes the otherwise arduous process easy and quick to perform.

No description available.

Astrocytes are emerging as important regulators of neural circuit function and behavior in the healthy and diseased nervous system. In a screen for astrocyte molecules that modulate neuronal hyperexcitability we identified multiple components of focal adhesion complexes (FAs) as potent suppressors of genetically- or pharmacologically-induced seizure-like activity. Depletion of astrocytic Tensin, b-integrin, Talin, Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), or matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1), which degrades extracellular matrix to activate b-integrin receptors, resulted in enhanced recovery from, or resistance to seizure activity. Reciprocally, promoting FA signaling by overexpression of Mmp1 in astrocytes led to enhanced-seizure severity. Blockade of FA signaling in astrocytes led to reduced-astrocytic coverage of the synaptic neuropil and reduced expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT1. However, upon seizure induction, depletion of FA signaling components resulted in enhanced astrocyte coverage of the synaptic neuropil and a ~2-fold increase in EAAT1 levels compared to controls. Our data indicate that FAs promote astrocyte coverage in neuropil and EAAT1 expression under normal physiological conditions, but in the context of hyperexcitability, FAs negatively regulate the extent of astrocytic processes within neuropil and EAAT1 expression, thereby inhibiting a more rapid recovery from conditions of excessive neuronal activity.

INTRODUCTION. La charge mondiale des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) ne cesse d’augmenter. Une population particulièrement vulnérable à ces maladies est celle des adultes âgés ayant une maladie neurologique : l’épilepsie. Plusieurs études démontrent que les adultes âgés atteints d’épilepsie ont un risque plus élevé de développer une MCV par rapport à la population générale. Cette association est étonnamment peu étudiée chez cette population. Afin de développer des programmes de soins de santé pour prévenir l’apparition de comorbidité de MCV chez les personnes atteintes d’épilepsie, dresser un portrait précis des adultes âgés atteints d’épilepsie est nécessaire. OBJECTIFS. Afin de combler les lacunes de la littérature scientifique sur les causes du fardeau élevé des MCV chez les adultes âgés atteints d’épilepsie, l’objectif de ce mémoire est d’étudier la répartition des facteurs sociaux, mode de vie et comportements, ainsi que des maladies chroniques connues comme étant des facteurs de risque de MCV chez les adultes âgés atteints d’épilepsie comparée à la population générale. En outre, nous visons à mesurer l’association transversale entre l’épilepsie et les MCV chez les adultes âgés, avec et sans ajustement pour des antécédents d’accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC), ainsi qu’à trouver des preuves d’interactions entre l’épilepsie et les facteurs de risque de MCV. MÉTHODES. Nous avons analysé les données de 44 817 participants de l’Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (ÉLCV), une cohorte d’étude longitudinale composée d’individus âgés d’au moins 45 ans et plus dont plus de 700 personnes ont des antécédents d’épilepsie autodéclarés au cours de leur vie. En ajustant pour l’âge, le sexe et le statut d’AVC, nous avons utilisé la régression log-binomiale pour modéliser les associations transversales entre les facteurs de risque de MCV, l’épilepsie et les MCV telles que les maladies cardiaques, les maladies vasculaires périphériques et les infarctus du myocarde. Nous avons comparé le fardeau des MCV attribuable par les AVC dans la population avec et sans épilepsie. Des modèles de régression multivariés ont également été stratifiés en fonction du statut d’épilepsie afin d’observer des différences dans ces associations entre les personnes atteintes d’épilepsie et les personnes non atteintes d’épilepsie. Finalement, nous avons testé l’existence d’interactions entre les facteurs de risque de MCV et l’épilepsie, et leur association avec le statut de MCV. Nous avons utilisé l’imputation multiple pour remplacer les données manquantes. RÉSULTATS. La majorité des caractéristiques sociodémographiques, mode de vie et comportements et maladies chroniques, sélectionnées comme facteurs de risque de MCV dans notre étude, étaient significativement plus prévalentes chez les personnes atteintes d’épilepsie comparée à la population générale non atteinte d’épilepsie. Le fardeau des MCV attribuable par les AVC chez les personnes atteintes d’épilepsie n’était que de 36 %, soit un taux similaire à celui de la population générale qui lui s’élevait à 32 %. Même après l’ajustement du statut d’AVC, ainsi que de l’âge et du sexe, les personnes atteintes d’épilepsie présentaient une prévalence significativement plus élevée de maladies cardiaques [ratio de prévalence (PR) = 1,27 (IC à 95 % : 1,02-1,57)] et de maladies vasculaires périphériques [PR = 1,88 (IC à 95 % : 1,50-2,36)]. Bien qu’elle ne soit plus significative, la tendance vers une augmentation de la prévalence des infarctus du myocarde chez les personnes atteintes d’épilepsie était maintenue [PR = 1,19 (IC à 95 % : 0,89-1,60)]. Finalement, parmi tous les facteurs de risque de MCV, seuls l’âge, l’hypertension et la maladie pulmonaire chronique obstructive ont été associés à une augmentation significative de la prévalence d’une ou plusieurs MCV. CONCLUSION. La grande taille de l’échantillon et l’étendue des informations sur la santé saisies par l’ÉLCV (c’est-à-dire démographiques, sociales, physiques, psychologiques, économiques, physiologiques) nous ont permis de modéliser une analyse approfondie et de présenter un reflet juste d’une population d’adultes âgés. Le mémoire présenté démontre que les facteurs de risque de MCV sont plus fréquemment observés chez les personnes atteintes d’épilepsie et l’association entre l’épilepsie et les MCV est indépendante de l’association entre l’épilepsie et les AVC. Ces résultats constituent une première étape importante pour mieux comprendre les origines des MCV chez les personnes atteintes d’épilepsie. L’analyse de médiation aurait pu être un moyen d’approfondir mes analyses. Cela n’a pas été possible avec l’analyse actuelle étant donné que nous n’avions aucun moyen d’établir la séquence temporelle de nos données. Les adultes âgés constituent une population vulnérable à laquelle les prestataires de soins de santé doivent accorder une attention particulière. Mener des études longitudinales sur les personnes dont les crises d'épilepsie viennent d'être diagnostiquées et qui présentent une maladie chronique, des caractéristiques sociodémographiques et un mode de vie entièrement caractérisé (avant et après le diagnostic d'épilepsie) sont nécessaires. / INTRODUCTION. The global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is steadily increasing. A population particularly vulnerable to these diseases are the older adults with a neurological condition: epilepsy. Several studies show that older adults with epilepsy have a higher risk of developing CVD when compared to the general population. This association is surprisingly poorly studied among people with epilepsy. In order to develop health care programs to prevent the onset of CVD comorbidity in people with epilepsy, creating an accurate portrait of older adults with epilepsy is required. OBJECTIVES. In order to fill the gaps in the scientific literature on the causes of the high burden of CVD in older adults with epilepsy, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate the distribution of social factors, lifestyle and behaviors, as well as chronic disease CVD risk factors, in people with epilepsy as compared to the general population. In addition, we aim to measure the cross-sectional association between epilepsy and CVD in older adults, with and without adjustments for a history of stroke as well as looking for evidence of interactions between epilepsy and CVD risk factors. METHODS. We analysed data for 44,817 participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), a longitudinal study cohort of individuals aged at least 45 years and where more than 700 individuals have a lifetime self-reported history of epilepsy. Adjusting for age, sex and stroke, we used log-binomial regression to model the cross-sectional associations between CVD risk factors, epilepsy, and CVD such as heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and myocardial infarction. We compared the CVD burden attributable to stroke in the population with and without epilepsy. Multivariable regression models were also stratified across levels of epilepsy status to observe for differences in these associations between epilepsy and people without epilepsy. Finally, we tested the existence of interactions between CVD risk factors and epilepsy and their association with CVD status. We used multiple imputation to replace missing data. RESULTS. The majority of the sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle and behavior and chronic diseases, selected as CVD risk factors in our study, were significantly more prevalent in people with epilepsy as compared to the general population without epilepsy. The CVD burden attributable to stroke in people with epilepsy was only 36%, similar to the general population which reached 32%. Even after adjusting for a history of stroke, as well as age and sex, people with epilepsy had a significantly higher prevalence of heart disease [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.27 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.57)] and peripheral vascular disease [PR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.50, 2.36)]. Although no longer significant, the trend towards an increase in the prevalence of myocardial infarction in people with epilepsy was maintained [PR = 1.19 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.60)]. Finally, among all the CVD risks factors, only age, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were associated with significant increases in the prevalence of one or more of the CVD. CONCLUSION. The large sample size and breadth of health information captured by the CLSA (i.e. demographic, social, physical, psychological, economic, physiological) allowed us to model in-depth analysis and present a fair reflection of an older adult population. The presented thesis demonstrates that CVD risk factors are more frequently seen in people with epilepsy and that the association between epilepsy and CVD is independent of the association between epilepsy and stroke. These findings are important first steps in more comprehensively understanding the origins of CVD in people with epilepsy. Mediation analysis could have been a way of further examining my analysis. This was not possible with the current analysis given that we had no way to establish the temporal sequence of our data. Older adults are a vulnerable population in which health care providers should pay particular attention. Conducting longitudinal studies of individuals with newly diagnosed epilepsy seizures and fully characterized chronic disease, sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle (prior to and post a epilepsy diagnosis) are needed.

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder and an accurate forecast of seizures would help to overcome the patient’s uncertainty and helplessness. In this contribution, we present and discuss a novel methodology for the classification of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) for seizure prediction. Contrary to previous approaches, we categorically refrain from an extraction of hand-crafted features and use a convolutional neural network (CNN) topology instead for both the determination of suitable signal characteristics and the binary classification of preictal and interictal segments. Three different models have been evaluated on public datasets with long-term recordings from four dogs and three patients. Overall, our findings demonstrate the general applicability. In this work we discuss the strengths and limitations of our methodology.

Tidigare forskning visar att ambulanssjuksköterskor upplever bristfällig utbildningsgrund samt känslor av bristande självförtroende och osäkerhet kopplat till vårdsituationer med den vuxna patienten med pågående krampanfall. Den forskning som finns etablerad omkring ambulanssjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta den vuxna patienten med pågående kramp är dock begränsad. Ambulanssjuksköterskan har i sin yrkesutövning en förväntan på sig att inneha en handlingsberedskap för alla typer av patientärenden, så även för den vuxna patienten med pågående krampanfall. Krampanfall med tonisk-klonisk karaktär innebär ett komplext vårdmöte där ambulanssjuksköterskan måste ta ställning till multipla faktorer, både rörande en kritisk somatik samt patientens omvårdnadsmässiga behov. Studiens syfte är att beskriva ambulanssjuksköterskors upplevelse av att möta vuxna patienter med pågående epileptiskt anfall av tonisk-klonisk karaktär i prehospital miljö. Studien har genomförts som en kvalitativ, semistrukturerad intervjustudie med induktiv ansats. Genomförda intervjuer har analyserats utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och resulterade slutligen i huvudkategorin Ett vårdande som balanserar mellan trygghet och oförutsägbarhet, med efterföljande kategorier Mångbottnad upplevelse, Vårdrelationen och Prehospitalt vårdande. Resultatet visar på attambulanssjuksköterskor bär på en bred upplevelsegrund när det kommer till vårdmötet med denkrampande patienten, där känslor av osäkerhet och stress är vanlig förekommande. Ambulanssjuksköterskorna upplever även vårdmötet som utmanande i förhållande till faktorer som vårdmiljö, patientomhändertagande samt mötet med anhöriga. Ambulanssjuksköterskorna upplever att det i första hand är yrkeserfarenhet som utgör en trygghetsskapande grund i patientmötet. För att skapa förbättrade grundförutsättningar för vårdandet samt förstärka upplevelsen av trygghet för ambulanssjuksköterskor, bör ämnet lyftas tydligare inom utbildning och arbetsplatsrelaterad fortbildning. / Previous research shows that ambulance nurses experience a deficient educational basis as well as feelings of lack of self-confidence and uncertainty linked to care situations with the adult patient with ongoing seizures. However, the research that has been established about ambulance nurses' experiences of meeting the adult patient with ongoing convulsions is limited. In her professional practice, the ambulance nurse is expected to be ready to act for all types of patient matters, including for the adult patient with an ongoing seizure. Seizures with a tonic-clonic character involve a complex care encounter where the ambulance nurse must take a position on multiple factors, both concerning a critical somatic condition and the patient's nursing needs. The purpose of the study is to describe ambulance nurses' experience of meeting adult patients with ongoing epileptic seizures of tonic-clonic character in a prehospital environment. The study has been conducted as a qualitative, semi-structured interview study with an inductive approach. Conducted interviews have been analyzed based on a qualitative content analysis and finally resulted in the main category Care that balances between safety and unpredictability, with subsequent categories Multi-rooted experience, Care relationship and Pre-hospital care. The results show that ambulance nurses have a broad base of experience when it comes to the care meeting with the convulsing patient, where feelings of uncertainty and stress are common occurrences. The ambulance nurses also experience the care meeting as challenging in relation to factors such as the care environment, patient care and the meeting with relatives. The ambulance nurses feel that it is primarily professional experience that constitutes a security-creating basis in the patient encounter. In order to create improved basic conditions for care and strengthen the experience of security for ambulance nurses, the topic should be highlighted more clearly in education and workplace related continuing education.