Submitted by Yen-Tsang Chen (yentsang.chen@gmail.com) on 2015-03-24T17:51:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final - Chen - Biblioteca.pdf: 2943345 bytes, checksum: 4c170e7c8b4f9e096626e1777b3f690e (MD5) / Rejected by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Chen, Conforme conversamos estou rejeitando seu trabalho. Favor submeter novamente, Qualquer duvida estamos a disposição. Att, Pâmela Tonsa 3799-7852 on 2015-03-25T20:18:42Z (GMT) / Submitted by Yen-Tsang Chen (yentsang.chen@gmail.com) on 2015-03-26T14:47:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final - Chen - Biblioteca.pdf: 2851494 bytes, checksum: 333f7f24515b050792b3e4eff742b9a3 (MD5) / Rejected by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Chen, Agradecimento só pode em Português. Fazer a alteração e submeter novamente, Att. Pâmela Tonsa on 2015-03-26T14:53:21Z (GMT) / Submitted by Yen-Tsang Chen (yentsang.chen@gmail.com) on 2015-03-26T17:53:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final - Chen - Biblioteca.pdf: 2851494 bytes, checksum: 333f7f24515b050792b3e4eff742b9a3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2015-03-30T12:15:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final - Chen - Biblioteca.pdf: 2851494 bytes, checksum: 333f7f24515b050792b3e4eff742b9a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-30T12:27:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final - Chen - Biblioteca.pdf: 2851494 bytes, checksum: 333f7f24515b050792b3e4eff742b9a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Choosing properly and efficiently a supplier has been challenging practitioners and academics since 1960’s. Since then, countless studies had been performed and relevant changes in the business scenario were considered such as global sourcing, quality-orientation, just-in-time practices. It is almost consensus that quality should be the selection driver, however, some polemical findings questioned this general agreement. Therefore, one of the objectives of the study was to identify the supplier selection criteria and bring this discussion back again. Moreover, Dickson (1966) suggested existing business relationship as selection criterion, then it was reviewed the importance of business relationship for the company and noted a set of potential negative effects that could rise from it. By considering these side effects of relationship, this research aimed to investigate how the relationship could influence the supplier selection and how its harmful effects could affect the selection process. The impact of this phenomenon was investigated cross-nationally. The research strategy adopted was a controlled experiment via vignette combined with discrete choice analysis. The data collections were performed in China and Brazil. By examining the results, it could be drawn five major findings. First, when purchasers were asked to declare their supplier selection priorities, quality was stated as the most important independently of country and relationship. This result was consistent with diverse studies since 60’s. However, when purchasers were exposed to a multi-criteria trade-off situation, their actual selection priorities deviate from what they had declared. In the actual decision-making without influence of buyer-supplier relationship, Brazilian purchasers focused on price and Chinese buyers prioritized delivery then price. This observation reinforced some controversial prior studies of Verma & Pullman (1998) and Hirakubo & Kublin (1998). Second, through the introduction of the buyer-supplier relationship (operationalized via relational capital) in the supplier selection process, this research extended the existing studies and found that Brazilian buyers still focused on price. The relationship became just another criterion for supplier selection such as quality and delivery. However, from the Chinese sample, the results suggested that quality was totally discarded and the decision was majorly made through price and relationship. The third finding suggested that relational capital could legitimate the quality and sustainability of the supplier and replaces these selection criteria and made the decisional task less complex. Additionally, with the relational capital, the decision-makings were associated to few biases such as availability cognition, commitment, confirmatory and perceived biases. By analyzing the purchasers’ behavior, relational capital inducted buyers of both countries to relax in their purchasing requirements (quality, delivery and sustainability) leading to potential negative effects. In the Brazilian sample, the phenomenon of willing to pay a higher price for a lower quality offer demonstrated to be a potential counterproductive and suboptimal decision. Finally, the last finding was associated to the cultural effect on the buyers’ decisions. From the outcome, it is possible to observe that if a purchaser’s cultural background is more relation-oriented, the more he will tend to use relational capital as a decision heuristic, thus, the purchaser will be more susceptible to the potential relationship’s side effects / Escolher adequadamente e eficientemente um fornecedor tem desafiado gestores e acadêmicos desde 1960. Desde então, inúmeros estudos tem sido realizados e mudanças relevantes do cenário econômico tem sido considerados tais como global sourcing, orientação à qualidade e práticas de just-in-time. É quase consenso que qualidade deveria ser o a diretriz para a seleção, no entanto, alguns resultados polêmicos questionaram esse consenso. Posto isto, um dos objetivos do presente trabalho é identificar os critérios de seleção de fornecedores e trazer de volta esta discussão. Além disso, o presente estudo observou que Dickson (1966) sugeriu a possibilidade de uso da relação comercial como critério de seleção, portanto, uma a importância da relação comercial foi revisada e potenciais efeitos negativos que podem originar da relação debatidos. Ao considerar os efeitos colaterais do relacionamento, este estudo visou investigar como o relacionamento pode influenciar o processo de seleção de fornecedores e como esses potenciais efeitos negativos podem manifestar neste processo. O impacto deste fenômeno foi investigado transnacionalmente. A estratégia de pesquisa adotada é baseada em experimento controlado com analise de escolha discreta. A coleta de dados foi conduzida na China e Brasil. Ao examinar os resultados, foi possível extrair cinco principais achados. Primeiro, quando um comprador é solicitado a declarar suas prioridades de seleção, independentemente do país, a qualidade é declarada como sendo a mais importante e o relacionamento o menos. Este resultado é consistente com diversos estudos desde a década de 60. Entretanto, quando o comprador é submetido a uma situação de multicritério e trade-off, as prioridades reais divergem das declaradas. Na seleção real sem a influência do relacionamento comprador-fornecedor, os compradores brasileiros focaram no preço e os chineses na entrega e preço. Esta observação reforça alguns achados controversos anteriores de Verma & Pullman (1998) e Hirakubo & Kublin (1998). Segundo, ao introduzir o relacionamento comprador-fornecedor no processo de seleção de fornecedores (operacionalizado via capital relacional), esta pesquisa estendeu os estudos anteriores. Os resultados apontaram que os compradores brasileiros ainda focam no preço e a relação é apenas mais um critério de seleção como qualidade e entrega. Entretanto, da amostra chinesa os resultados apontaram que a qualidade foi desconsiderada e a decisão era pautada em preço e relacionamento. O terceiro achado sugere que o capital relacional poderia legitimar a qualidade e práticas de sustentabilidade dos fornecedores e substitui esses critérios, fazendo a decisão menos complexa. Adicionalmente, com o capital relacional, os tomadores de decisão são associados a alguns vieses tais como de disponibilidade cognitiva, de compromisso, de confirmação e de percepção. Analisando o comportamento dos compradores, o capital relacional induziu aos compradores de ambos os países a relaxarem nos requisitos de qualidade, entrega e sustentabilidade, assim, conduzindo a um potencial efeito negativo. Na amostra brasileira foi possível observar também uma predisposição a pagar mais por uma oferta de menor qualidade, o qual demonstra ser contraditório e potencial decisão subotima. Por fim, o ultimo achado está associado ao efeito cultural nas decisões do comprador. Partindo do resultado, pode-se observar que quanto maior é a orientação ao relacionamento do comprador, mais ele tenderá a usar o capital relacional para a heurística de decisão, consequentemente, mais suscetíveis aos potenciais efeitos danosos da relação.

The selection of science fiction was researched to determine how science fiction should be evaluated and selected in the context of the public library. The first sub-problem to be researched concerned the cultural, societal and literary origins of this genre, after which its distinct phases of development were studied as well as the characteristic essence of science fiction which would affect its selection per se, specifically whether conventional literary criteria are suitable for the evaluation of items of science fiction during selection. The next sub-problem focused on, was whether theory can explain the process of fiction selection, The succeeding sub-problem was to empirically Study current practice in science fiction selection. Survey research was conducted amongst selected major urban/regional public library services in the USA. Final research results indicated that science fiction is a sophisticated, multi-textured genre which differs significantly from fellow popular genres, Science fiction is viewed by some critics as being on the cusp of post-modernism, a significant body of work in contemporary literature, and a supreme expression of late capitalism. Research further showed that no satisfactory evaluative criteria exist. It was also established that theory of fiction selection is not always capable of explaining or guiding the process of fiction selection. There is no model for the selection of science fiction. Finn guiding principles for science fiction selection could be formulated by the aid of this study. The study concluded with a specially-designed model for the selection of science fiction (including a scorecard with specially-compiled criteria for evaluating items), as well as a suggested core collection. A structured approach should be followed by the science fiction selector. The guiding principles and core collection which were formulated in this study, the set of special criteria as well as the model, together demonstrate that the selection of science fiction can be structured, controlled and guided within established parameters. / Information Science / D. Lit. et Phil. (Information Science)

Titel: Investerares riskexponering i hållbara investeringar - En studie av asymmetrisk risk och hur den påverkas av positivt urval och dynamisk SRI Nivå: Examensarbete på kandidatnivå i företagsekonomi Författare: Kim Jonsson & Jacob Larsson Handledare: Peter Lindberg Datum: Maj, 2018 Syfte: “Undersöka huruvida en portföljs negativa asymmetriska risk, ur ett investerarperspektiv påverkas av positivt urval utifrån dynamisk SRI, baserad på ESG-faktorer”.  Metod: Konstruktion av en hypotetisk portfölj bestående av aktier, utifrån dynamisk SRI och positivt urval. Med finansiell backtracking mäts hur portföljen presterat avseende asymmetriskt betavärde förutsatt att den varit implementerade under en historisk tidsperiod. Portföljen reallokeras efter förutbestämda kriterier vid ingången av varje år under den historiska tidsperioden. Resultat: Den konstruerade portföljen uppvisar konsekvent lägre betavärde än marknaden, både traditionellt och asymmetriskt. Det asymmetriska betavärdet är, för den tidsperiod som inkluderar finanskrisen 2008, högre vid utfall under medelvärdet för att sedan avta vid negativa utfall. Då studien justeras för finanskrisen förändras resultatet till att visa successivt avtagande betavärden för utfall under medelvärdet och vidare, negativa utfall. Slutsats: Studiens resultat indikerar att urvalskriterier baserade på ESG-faktorer och positiv urvalsmetod, under vissa premisser har påverkan på portföljens asymmetriska riskexponering. Denna slutsats tyder också på att företag genom aktivt hållbarhetsarbete har möjlighet att minska sin kapitalkostnad, då investerares avkastningskrav på företaget sjunker. Forskningsbidrag: Utvecklad insikt i praktisk tillämpning av asymmetrisk riskanalys och avseende att en portfölj med begränsat antal tillgångar kan prestera lägre systematisk riskexponering än marknaden. Samt att urvalsmetod och urvalskriterier kan påverka asymmetrisk riskexponering. Vidare forskning: Framförallt avseende om någon av hållbarhetsfaktorerna har större betydelse för den asymmetriska systematiska riskexponeringen än övriga. Ytterligare forskning inom AMH och dess paradigm är också nödvändigt då random walk är ifrågasatt. Nyckelord: Asymmetrisk risk, hållbarhet, ESG, betavärde, dynamisk SRI, positivt urval, urvalskriterier, portföljallokering och RobecoSAM. / Title: Investors risk exposure for sustainable investments – A study of asymmetrical risk and how it is affected by positive screening and dynamic SRI Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration Author: Kim Jonsson & Jacob Larsson Supervisor: Peter Lindberg Date: May, 2018 Aim: “Investigate whether a portfolios negative asymmetric risk, from an investors perspective, is influenced by positive screening based on dynamic SRI, based on ESG-factors”. Method: Construction of a hypothetical portfolio consisting of stocks, based on dynamic SRI and positive screening. Financial backtracking measures how the portfolio performed regarding asymmetric beta values, provided it was implemented during a historical period of time. The portfolio is reallocated according to predefined criteria in the beginning of each year during the historical period. Results: The constructed portfolio consistently demonstrates lower beta values than the market, both traditionally and asymmetrically. The asymmetric beta value, is for the period of time including the 2008 financial crisis, higher than traditional beta value at outcomes below the mean value, then decreases in negative outcomes. As the study is adjusted for the financial crisis, the result changes to show gradually decreasing beta values ​​for outcomes below average and further negative outcomes. Conclusions: The study results indicate that selection criteria based on ESG factors and positive selection screening, under certain conditions, affect the asymmetric risk exposure of the portfolio. This conclusion also indicates that companies through active sustainability awareness have the opportunity to reduce their cost of capital, as investors' required rate of return declines. Contribution of the thesis: Practical insight regarding asymmetric risk analysis, and the fact that a portfolio composed of a limited amount of assets potentially demonstrates lower systematic risk exposure than the market. Furthermore, selection methods and selection criteria can affect asymmetric risk exposure. Suggestion for future research: If any of the sustainability factors are of greater significance regarding the asymmetric risk exposure. Further research within AMH and its paradigms is also necessary as random walk is questioned. Key words: Asymmetric risk, sustainability, ESG, beta value, dynamic SRI, positive screening, selection criteria, portfolio allocation and RobecoSAM

Time series modeling and forecasting has many applicability in scientific and technological researchs. Specifically about variables restricted to the interval (0; 1), which includes rates and proportions, the classical regression models could not be suitable because they assume normality. In this context, Rocha and Cribari-Neto (2009) proposed the beta autoregressive moving average (βARMA) model. It admits that the variable of interest is beta distributed. The beta distribution is more flexible than the normal distribution and also assumes that de dependent variable is restricted to the interval (0; 1). Through βARMA is possible to obtain results closer to the nature of the data. But just choose the better parametric model does not guarantee the accuracy of the fitted model. To identify the lags is also relevant to ensure the accuracy of the adjusted model. It is in this purpose that the model selection criteria, or information criteria, were developed. They compare the explanatory capacity of a group of models and select, among this group, the model which minimizes the information loss. In this context, this paper aims to evaluate by Monte Carlo simulations the performance of different selection criteria in βARMA model. Considering several scenarios and sample sizes, the selection criteria evaluated was AIC, BIC, HQ, AICc, BICc and HQc. The results indicate that BICc, HQ and HQc had the better performance identifying the true model among the candidate models. Using the selection criteria indicated by the simulation study, were also adjusted βARMA models to real data. It were considered the credit delinquency and the relationship between payroll loan and individual credit, both variables are from national financial system. It was adjusted the classical ARIMA models too. This models were compared with βARMA in applications. For both variables was found a reasonable proximity between the original data and the predicted by the models, with advantage for βARMA, as much inside as outside the sample. / A modelagem e a previsão de séries temporais é um campo de ampla aplicabilidade em diversas áreas científicas e tecnológicas. No âmbito específico de variáveis restritas ao intervalo (0; 1), como taxas e proporções, a utilização de modelos clássicos, que supõem normalidade da variável de interesse, pode não ser adequada. Neste contexto, Rocha e Cribari-Neto (2009) propuseram o modelo beta autorregressivo de médias móveis (β ARMA). Por assumir que a variável de interesse possui distribuição beta, que é uma distribuição mais flexível que a normal e com suporte restrito ao intervalo (0; 1), o βARMA possibilita modelagens e previsões mais condizentes com a natureza desses dados. Contudo, apenas a escolha do modelo paramétrico mais adequado não garante a acurácia do modelo ajustado. A identificação das defasagens a serem incluídas também exerce um papel de relevância neste sentido. É neste propósito que foram desenvolvidos os critérios de seleção de modelos, ou critérios de informação. Estes comparam as capacidades de explicação entre um grupo de modelos candidatos e selecionam, dentro deste grupo, o modelo que minimiza a perda de informações. Diante do exposto, este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar, via simulações de Monte Carlo, o desempenho de diferentes critérios de seleção no modelo βARMA. Por meio de um extenso estudo de simulação, considerando diversos cenários e tamanhos amostrais, foram avaliados os desempenhos em amostras de tamanho finito dos critérios AIC, BIC, HQ, AICc, BICc e HQc. Como resultados numéricos gerais, destaca-se que os critérios HQ, BICc e HQc foram os que alcançaram os melhores níveis de identificação do modelo verdadeiro. Utilizando os critérios de seleção sugeridos no estudo de simulação também foram ajustados modelos βARMA a dados reais. Para isso, foram considerados o índice de inadimplência de crédito e a relação entre o crédito consignado e o crédito total pessoa física, ambos do Sistema Financeiro Nacional. Também foram ajustados os clássicos modelos ARIMA comparativamente ao modelo βARMA na realização de previsões e posterior comparação entre os resultados de ambas as aplicações. Para as duas variáveis há um grau razoável de proximidade entre os dados originais e previstos, com superioridade do βARMA tanto dentro quanto fora do conjunto de observações utilizado para estimação dos modelos.

This thesis deals with the book-keeping on the computer and accounting software evaluation. The theoretical part includes chapters about history of book-keeping, legal regulation related to book-keeping using ICT, business information systems and the selection criteria for the accounting software. The knowledge from the theoretical part is used in the practical part, which is addressed to the evaluation of specific accounting software PUP.

In this thesis, we describe and analyze computerized adaptive tests (CAT), the class of psychometrics tests in which items are selected based on the actual estimate of respondent's ability. We focus on the tests based on di- chotomic IRT (item response theory) models. We present critera for item selection, methods for ability estimation and termination criteria, as well as methods for exposure rate control and content balancing. In the analytical part, the effect of CAT settings on the average length of the test and on absoulute bias of ability estimates is investigated using linear regression mo- dels. We provide post hoc analysis of real data coming from real admission test with unknown true values of abilities, as well as simulation study based on the simulated answers of respondents with known true values of ability. In the last chapter of the thesis we investigate the possibilities of analysing adaptive tests in R software and of creating a real CAT. 1

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Betriebsverhalten und den Auslegungsrichtlinien für ein hochtemperaturfähiges Übertragungselement aus Stahl für elastischen Klauenkupplungen. Im Grundlagenkapitel wurden hierfür zunächst aus den Eigenschaften und Auslegungsvorschriften handelsüblicher Klauenkupplungen wichtige Kenngrößen und Kennwerte bestimmt und relevante Aspekte der Tribologie und der Federtechnologie beleuchtet. Mittels FEM wird die Spannungsverteilung und das Verformungsverhalten des Übertragungselements bei Drehmomentbelastung untersucht und anhand einer Parameterstudie der Einfluss verschiedener Konstruktionsparameter analysiert. Zusätzlich werden Berechnungen und Simulationen zur Dämpfung und zur Betriebsfestigkeit durchgeführt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse wurden anschließend durch experimentelle Untersuchungen mit statischer und dynamischer Belastung sowie durch Lebensdauerversuche und Betriebslastenversuche verifiziert und ergänzt. Hierbei wurden zu Vergleichszwecken auch handelsübliche Übertragungselemente aus TPE untersucht. Auf Basis der Untersuchungsergebnisse wurden anschließend Richtlinien für die Auslegung und den Betrieb des Übertragungselements abgeleitet. / The present work deals with the operating behaviour and the selection guidelines for a new high-temperature steel transmission element for elastic jaw couplings. In the state oft the art chapter, important parameters and characteristic values were first determined from the properties and selection specifications of commercially available claw couplings and relevant aspects of tribology and spring technology were highlighted. FEM is used to investigate the stress distribution and the deformation behaviour of the transmission element under torque loading and to analyse the influence of various design parameters. In addition, calculations and simulations for damping and fatigue strength are carried out. The knowledge gained was then verified and supplemented by experimental investigations with static and dynamic loads as well as by service life tests and operating load tests. For comparison purposes, commercially available transmission elements made of TPE were also investigated. Based on the test results, guidelines were then derived for the selection and operation of the new transmission element.

(in English) The topic of the diploma thesis is to compare the WebArchiv with selected foreign Web Archives, which are responsible for preserving the national cultural heritage. The introduction briefly explains the history of Web Archives and typology of harvesting. Next parts deal with the history, legal aspects of archiving, selected types of harvesting, Web resources, systems, accessing and evaluation the Czech (WebArchiv), Australian (Pandora) and British archive (United Kingdom Web Archive). The text continues with an evaluation of the selected archives that mentions strong and weak properties and possible solutions. In conclusion, outlines the problematic aspects of archiving, which must be addressed in the future. [Author's abstract]

This study estimated soybean yield responses to K fertilizer using trials data from 18 sites in Mississippi from 2011-2016. Eight response functions were fitted, including linear, linear plateau, quadratic, quadratic-plateau, square root quadratic, spherical plateau, exponential, and exponential-plateau functions. The ratio of high responsive, low responsive, and no responsive sites to K rates is 3:3:12 respectively. The response functions led to different predicted optimal K rates, and the best response function for each site was determined by the Vuong closeness test and economic loss analysis. The predicted economically optimal K rates are 157, 73, and 0 lb/acre for high, low, and no response sites respectively, and the average optimal K rate is 55 lb/acre. Compared to the currently used regional uniform K fertilizer rate of 80 lb/acre, the response-based K rates are expected to generate soybean production gain of about $14 per acre for Mississippi soybean producers.

Since the late 1800s, testing has been a part of education. Supporters claim testing encourages objectivity in assessments of learning. Critics argue testing creates bias, restricted teaching methodology, and restricted curriculum. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 requires school accountability that has increased the push for standardized testing. High school students present a unique challenge for administrators on the low-risk California Standards Tests (CSTs). The CSTs in mathematics are complex in reference to student composition, range of courses tested, and sequence of previous math courses taken by the student. This complex nature of the CSTs in mathematics makes test preparation decisions difficult for the site administrator. Schools have developed test preparation practices in the hopes of improving student performance on these standardized tests. Some of these practices require a great deal of time, energy, and money to create and execute. The administrator must use these precious resources judiciously. Therefore, there is a need for further investigation of the criteria used by site administrators for selection of test preparation practices for CSTs in mathematics. Using qualitative analysis, this study researched the criteria used by the high school site administrators to govern their decision of which test preparation practices for CSTs in mathematics to establish at their school. This study included 18 administrators at 15 schools in the southern San Joaquin Valley in California that met their Academic Performance Index growth targets for 2006.