Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2010. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Students generally spend more than ten years interacting with teachers in a classroom and thus, such interactions can have a positive or negative impact on students’ academic self-concept and educational goals (Rosenthal, Folse, Allerman, Boudreaux, Soper, & Von Bergen, 2000). The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship between student-teacher interactions and academic self-concept. Participants in the study include African American male high school students in an urban school district. The independent variable is the student-teacher interactions, as measured by the Student-Professor Interaction Scale (Cokley et al., 2004). The dependent variable is the students’ academic-self-concept, which is measured by the Academic Self-Concept Scale (Reynolds, Ramirez, Magrina, & Allen, 1980). The data was analyzed by using Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical multiple regression to determine if there was a statistically significant relationship between the two variables. Findings, study limitations, and future research directions are also discussed.

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας έρευνας αποτελεί η μελέτη της έννοιας του εαυτού παιδιών σχολικής ηλικίας, καθώς και των παραγόντων που την επηρεάζουν. Η διερεύνηση της ψυχοσύνθεσης των παιδιών, σημαντικό μέρος της οποίας καταλαμβάνει η έρευνα της εικόνας που διατηρούν τα ίδια τα παιδιά για τον εαυτό τους, εξακολουθεί να είναι ένα επίκαιρο θέμα για γονείς, εκπαιδευτικούς, παιδοψυχολόγους και όλους όσους ασχολούνται με τη μελέτη της παιδικής προσωπικότητας. Ο «εαυτός», μια έννοια υποκειμενική, ταυτισμένη με τη φιλοσοφία, τη θρησκεία, την ψυχολογία και την κοινωνιολογία, είναι μια υποθετική κατασκευή, της οποίας οι ιδιότητες ερευνώνται συστηματικά τον τελευταίο αιώνα. Η πολυδιάστατη φύση της έννοιας του εαυτού και η εμπλοκή της στην ανάπτυξη- διαμόρφωση των περισσοτέρων διαστάσεων της ανθρώπινης προσωπικότητας, διατήρησε το ενδιαφέρον των ερευνητών, οι οποίοι επιχείρησαν να διατυπώσουν σχετικές με αυτήν θεωρίες, που να περιγράφουν τη φύση, τη δομή και τα χαρακτηριστικά της, όσο το δυνατόν ακριβέστερα. Μία από τις πιο δημοφιλείς κλίμακες μέτρησης της έννοιας του εαυτού, εξαιτίας της πληρότητας που παρουσιάζει θεωρητικά και της αντίστοιχης εφαρμογής της, είναι η Κλίμακα της Έννοιας του Εαυτού του Tennessee, έκδοση 2η (Tennessee Self-Concept Scale:2, TSCS:2, Fitts & Warren, 1996). Τα ερευνητικά και βιβλιογραφικά δεδομένα στοιχειοθετούν την πορεία της κλίμακας TSCS:2 στον χρόνο και πληρούν τις προϋποθέσεις της εγκυρότητας και της αξιοπιστίας. Το ερωτηματολόγιο αυτό αποτελεί το βασικό όργανο μέτρησης της παρούσας έρευνας. / -

Veidrodis mene neretai pasitelkiamas dėl simboliškai suvokiamo reflektavimo reiškinio. Šiuolaikiniame mene kombinuojant ne tik materialias medžiagas, bet ir mentalinio pobūdžio elementus, veidrodis tampa priemone įprasminti simbolinį atspindžio motyvą. Veidrodis svarbus ne tik kaip medžiaga, bet visų pirma kaip „atspindėjimo“ idėjos ir semantinių prasmių realizacija. Jis naudojamas dėl atspindžio motyvo, dėl galimybės transformuoti ar deformuoti erdvės įspūdį, keisti jos suvokimą, kurti originalų estetinį vaizdą. Tokio pobūdžio kūriniai nėra apibrėžti į vieną kryptį ar judėjimą, terminas veidrodžių menas egzistuoja dailės praktikoje kaip darbinis, nėra apibrėžiamas dailės terminų žodynuose ir nėra sunormintas. Šiame tyrime siekiama išanalizuoti, kaip veidrodžio pagalba meno kūrinyje konstruojamas savivokos ir savistabos elementas, kaip veidrodis dalyvauja autokoncepcijos kūrime, kaip menininkas „įtraukia“ žiūrovą į kūrinį arba, transformuodamas erdvę ir dezorientuodamas pasąmonę, žaidžia stebėtojo percepcija. Darbe akcentuojama semantinė veidrodinio atspindžio funkcija dailės kūriniuose. Tyrime pateikiamos teorinės idėjos – daugiausia iš Lietuvos autorių verstų, interpretuotų tekstų, kuriuose kalbama apie savęs suvokimą, antrininko vaizdinį, psichoanalizę. Šios teorijos atrinktos pagal darbo probleminius aspektus, apibendrintos ir pritaikytos veidrodžių meno teoriniam kontekstui. Magistriniame tyrime nagrinėjamas ir savivokos aspektas, per kurį saviidentifikacijos reiškinys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this research is emphasized the semantic function of reflection in art. Analyzed which significances gain reflections, optically transforming the space and how they reveal the perception of human introspection and relation with surrounding. Mirror in art often is invoked exactly due to symbolically perceptible phenomenon of reflection. In contemporary art mirror becomes the medium to give a sense to symbolical motive of reflection. The aim is to analyze how is constructed the element of introspection and self-concept, how mirror participating in founding of self-perception, how artist involves the viewer into the artwork, and how manipulates the perception of spectator by optically transforming a space and disorientating the subconsciousness by using mirror in art. In this research are presented theoretical ideas mainly from Lithuanian authors translations. Theories are sorted out by problematical aspects of research, summarized and adapted to theoretical context of mirror art. There is mentioned the idea that physical qualities of mirror could be associated with semantic meanings, so often aspect of reflexion is compared with motif of reflection as a representation of different phenomenons. The object of this research is the phenomenon of mirror art. The aim is to investigate this phenomenon in various ways and expose the role of reflection in art. This work is the first in Lithuanian art history, where is described and structured phenomenon of mirror art, justified... [to full text]

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The "International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health" (ICF) is a model that classifies health and health-related function. Of the ICF domains, least is known about participation. Although a few measures have been developed in English that tap the construct "Participation", none exist in Spanish. The Reintegration to Normal Living (RNL)-Index is the measure of reference to evaluate participation. The general objective of the present study was to translate, culturally adapt, and assess the psychometric properties the RNL-Index in Spanish for use in Spain. The translation and the cultural adaptation of the RNL-Index consisted of a five-step process, leading to the Spanish version of the RNL-Index (SRNL-Index). Psychometric evaluation consisted of a cross-sectional study design, with a longitudinal design used for test-retest evaluation. Thirty-two subjects with stroke and 36 with total knee arthroplasty completed the SRNL-Index twice, as well as the Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), and for stroke subjects, the Barthel Index (BI). Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc t tests were calculated, as well as Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's, and Intraclass correlation coefficients. The SRNL-Index was found to be internally consistent. Test-retest reliability was quite poor, being moderately low for the TKA sample and moderate for the stroke sample. Discriminant validity was demonstrated by the correlations between the SRNL-Index's Perception of Self and Daily Activity subscales with the Mental and Physical Component Summary scores of the SF-36. The SRNL-Index has convergent validity as shown by the high correlations between of the SRNL-Index and the 6MWT. Known-groups validity was shown in people with stroke grouped by Barthel Index scores, and in both samples when grouped according to gait speed. The SRNL-Index demonstrated acceptable validity and internal reliability for subjects with stroke and total knee arthroplasty. However, further studies are needed to reassess external validity, reliability, and responsiveness in other populations and other Spanish-speaking countries.

Introduction. Numerous studies have suggested that maternal care can influence the development and expansion of an individual's self-esteem. Yet the neural mechanisms of this relationship remain unexplored. Incidentally, it has already been demonstrated that a brain region, namely the Hippocampus (HC) is associated with both self-esteem and maternal care. Thus suggesting that there may be a three-way relationship. This also provided the impetus to speculate that a similar interaction could be observed in other brain regions like for example, the Dorsolateral Prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC). Therefore, the aim of this study is to scrutinize the possible relationship between mother care, self-esteem and neural correlates including the DLPFC, MPFC and HC, with emphasis on how normal variations in mother care could have consequences for the relationship between self-esteem and particularly the prefrontal cortices. Methods . Fifty-one subjects were recruited on the basis of their maternal scores, as assessed by the Parental Bonding Index and were consequently assigned to either a high mother care (MOCA) or low MOCA group. Their self-esteem was measured through various self-esteem scales including the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The structural integrity of the regions was ascertained through the use of both manual and semi automated segmenting procedures. Results . Initial Bivariate correlations reported a negative association between DLPFC volumes and self-esteem in the high MOCA group while HC was positively associated with self-esteem in both high and low MOCA groups. There were no associations to report for the MPFC. Additional analysis revealed that the Biregional association was sex specific. Discussion. For the first time, we were successful in associating DLPFC volume with self-esteem. In addition, we successfully replicated the association between self-esteem and HC volume. This study could provide an indication how of maternal care could have a sex specific affect not only on the evolution of self-esteem, but also on the regions they may be targeting.

The current meta-analysis compares the self-concepts and perceived competencies of gifted and nongifted students. Gifted and nongifted students’ beliefs about themselves differ across six domains. Using meta-analytic methods to synthesize the results of 37 studies, this meta-analysis shows that gifted students score significantly higher than nongifted students on measures of perceived academic and behavioral competence. Gifted students score significantly lower than nongifted students in perceived athletic competence. The small degree of difference between groups in the appearance, global, and social domains suggest that gifted students are not at significant advantage or disadvantage in these areas. Moderator variables such as grade level and measure account for systematic differences between gifted and nongifted students’ academic and behavioral perceptions of competence. The current study concludes with recommendations and guidelines for future self-concept and perceived competence research.

The purpose of this research study was to better understand the social and behavioural self-concept of adolescent males designated with behaviour, and through honouring their struggles and their stories, better the capacity for counselling professionals to effectively support these at-risk students. Through exploring both the students’ experience and the perceptions of those professionals who supported them, this research honoured the voice of a population that is often pushed aside in the education realm. Qualitative data analysis highlighted areas of commonality and difference between the two perspectives, ultimately demonstrating the importance of respecting student perspectives within professional decisions and interventions. The case study research took place at the Alternate Learning Program located within the Saanich School District. Participants included three adolescent males with behaviour designations, and the corresponding school professionals who supported these youth.

The primary purpose of this research was to investigate relationships between physical activity participation, weight change, and selfreports of social physique anxiety, physical self-concept and health-related quality of life. A secondary purpose was to investigate personality as a mediator of self-perceptions and quality of life beliefs following obesity surgery. Two studies with differing methodologies were conducted. The first study was a cross-sectional survey of patients who had participated in a multi-component clinical weight-loss program involving a combination of physical activity, diet modification, and drug therapy. The second study was a longitudinal investigation of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding patients. Amount of weight lost was not found to be related to changes in social physique anxiety, physical self-concept or health-related quality of life. However, physical activity levels were found to be an important predictor of improvements in physical self-concept and health-related quality of life amongst clinical weight loss patients, but not surgical patients. Improvements over time with respect to social physique anxiety, physical self-concept and health-related quality of life were observed amongst all participants who underwent LABG. Personality factors, whilst not predicting changes over time in social physique anxiety, physical self-concept or health-related quality of life, discriminated between two types of obese adults presenting for obesity surgery. Future research could be undertaken to determine if long-term outcomes differ for these two types of patients.