På Instagram postar idag svenska partiledare bilder som är av vardaglig karaktär och föreställer situationer och miljöer man vanligtvis inte brukar se en partiledare i. Vi ser dem spela pingis inför publik, vi ser dem ta promenader i skogen med familjen och vi ser dem iklädda supporterkläder på en landskamp. Den här studien undersöker hur svenska gymnasieungdomar tolkar svenska partiledares visuella självpresentation på den sociala plattformen Instagram. För att undersöka detta har bilder valts ut från tre partiledares Instagramflöden: Stefan Löfven, Ulf Kristersson och Annie Lööf. Bilderna är representativa för hur partiledarna framställer sig själva på den sociala plattformen. Utifrån teori om semiotik, relationsbyggande arbete, självpresentation, personligt varumärkesbyggande och autenticitet, undersöker studien hur gymnasieungdomar tolkar och upplever bilderna. Detta genomförs genom kvalitativa intervjuer och receptionsanalys som metod. Genom semistrukturerade samtalsintervjuer har vi talat med tio olika ungdomar i Söderköping, Karlstad och Uppsala om hur de uppfattar partiledarnas självpresentation. Oavsett ungdomarnas politiska ståndpunkt går det att urskilja gemensamma kulturella associationer hos dem. Genom meningsbärande tecken, tillsammans med partiledaren som symbol för partiet, uppfattar ungdomarna olika politiska budskap i bilderna. Partiledaren fungerar som ett centralt tecken för att denna tolkning ska kunna göras. Respondenterna är av åsikten att bilder av vardaglig karaktär kan vara viktiga för väljare för att kunna relatera till, och känna igen sig i partiledarna. Genom en vardaglig självpresentation tror respondenterna att motivet till publiceringen av bilderna är att stärka relationen till en redan befintlig väljarkår, eller möjligen vinna över väljare utan stark politisk ståndpunkt. Respondenterna kan också urskilja en dramaturgisk uttänkt roll när partiledarna presenterar sig själva på ett vardagligt vis. Detta kan ge en skymt av vem partiledaren egentligen är, vilket skapar en sammansmältning av Goffmans två regioner och skapar en mellanregion på Instagram. I denna mellanregion påpekar respondenterna vikten av att partiledarna måste uppfattas som äkta. Vad respondenterna anser kännetecknar autenticitet går att särskilja till fyra faktorer: bilden ska inte uppvisa ett för tydligt politiskt motiv, bilden ska ge sken av ett spontant ögonblick, bildens kvalitet får inte vara för god, samt att bilden ska vara förenlig med respondentens egen uppfattning av partiets profil. Överlag spelar dessa fyra faktorer som skapar äkthet stor roll för hur gymnasieungdomarna tolkar bildernas autenticitet, vilket verkar avgörande för hur de tolkar bilderna på ett mer allmänt plan. Den här studiens resultat kan ge implikationer för hur olika samhällsinstanser, yrkesliv, liksom privatpersoner kan arbeta för att skapa förtroende på sociala medier genom att framstå som äkta. / Today, Swedish leaders of political parties post everyday life photos on Instagram, just like the rest of us. The posts show the politicians in situations and environments that you wouldn’t normally imagine a politician in. On Instagram, they post photos of themselves playing ping-pong, strolling in the forest with their family, cheering for their nation at a soccer game wearing supporter merchandise; photos that illustrate everyday life of an ordinary citizen. This study aims to look into how Swedish adolescents interpret the party leaders’ visual self-presentation on the social media platform Instagram. To do this, we have selected photos that represents the general self- presentation of three swedish party leaders: Stefan Löfven, Ulf Kristersson and Annie Lööf. Drawing on research and theory concerning semiotics, relationship theory, self-presentation, personal branding and authenticity, this study analyzes how adolescents read and interpret the photos. Using semi-structured qualitative interviews and reception theory, we have talked to ten adolescents from three different cities of varied population: Söderköping, Karlstad and Uppsala. The result of this study was that we found common cultural associations among the adolescents, regardless of their political preferences. Through meaningful signs, the adolescents found political messages in the photos. An important sign for this reading is the belief that the party leader is a symbol of their political party. According to the respondents, a strategic everyday life self- presentation can be an important tool to create a feeling of identification between the party leaders and the voters. Furthermore, the respondents think that these kind of photos can strengthen the relationship between a party leader and their existent voters, or attract voters that are indecisive. The adolescents do see the party leaders as actors in a dramaturgical performance, who want their audience to perceive them as one of the people. However, the respondents think this kind of self- presentation can be important, because it can still give a glimpse of the true self of the party leader. This coalition of the public and the private creates a kind of middle region, which takes place on Instagram. In the middle region, authenticity is key, according to the respondents. In the way the respondents talk about what is authentic and what is not, we identify a pattern. This pattern consists of four factors that creates authenticity: the photo cannot be too political, the photo must look spontaneous, the photo quality must not be too perfect, and the photo must coincide with the respondents view of the political party’s image. These factors are critical for how the adolescents perceive the photos and the party leaders portrayed in them overall. This study’s result could implicate how social facilities, organizations and citizens can use social media to create trust and authenticity concerning their personal brand.

Thesis (M. A. (English)) --University of Limpopo, 2018 / Assessment of English Second Language (ESL) science learners’ presentation skills is an area which has not received sufficient attention over the years. This is pertinent to both learners and educators. The study set out to assess (ESL) science learners’ presentation skills in Driekop Circuit, Limpopo Province. Science learners and ESL educators in this rural area were assessed quantitatively as well as qualitatively; the learners’ oral and report writing skills, and the educators’ assessment skills were assessed, respectively. On the whole, the learners and educators lack presentation skills and as a result, need support in a number of respects. The teaching learning environment of these learners compounds the situation; it remains dire. Therefore, some intervention, in this domain, by the Department of Education could be imperative.

The doctoral thesis studied the behaviour of scientists on Internet profiles. The scientific community is founded on communication. The advance of research, the evaluation of research results, the reputation of individual scientists - all rest on constant interaction among the community members. The Internet, as a flexible channel for world-wide communication, has a considerable potential for the scientific community. Besides often discussed consequences for scientific publishing, the Internet also offers new opportunities for self-presentation of scientists. In this thesis, the online presence of scientists was studied with a 'positive lens', concentrating on how the Internet can be used to enhance scientists' individual self-presentation. The doctoral thesis consists of five essays: an overview and four essays documenting separate research projects. The research was founded on the radical constructivist understanding of reality. It was classified as connected to three areas: research on science communication, research on digital identity, and research on generation of online content. Viewing the existing literature in these areas, three focal points were identified, which informed and guided the formulation of research aims and the implementation of research projects: focus on Internet self-presentation, assumption of strategic importance, and need for a holistic view. The aims of the thesis were (A) to develop a holistic understanding of scientists' Internet presence, (B) to study behavioural patterns on scientists' Internet profiles, and (C) to develop an instrument to support the development and management of scientists' Internet self-presentation. Based on these aims, four research projects were carried out. Each project pursued own research questions or objectives using suitable methods, yet all contributed to the overall aims of the thesis. Thus the thesis presents conceptual, empirical, and applied findings resulting from a multi-method approach and contributing both to research on Internet self-presentation as well as to practice in the management of online presence.

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

People are reluctant to transmit bad news, which is named as the MUM effect in the literature. One explanation of this effect suggests that people do not want to construct negative impressions by being associated with bad news. On the other hand, people are also willing to transmit good news which is largely ignored in the literature. In this study, transmission of good news is examined from an impression management perspective. It was suggested that people would be more likely to transmit good news and less likely to transmit bad news when they were dependent on the recipient of the news than when they were not. Four variables, likeability, perceived favor doing, expectations of gratitude and ulterior motives were hypothesized as potential mediators. Also, self &ndash / esteem, self &ndash / monitoring, Narcissism and Machiavellianism were assessed as personality variables. University students (N = 306) participated in a scenario study, with the valence of the news (good / bad) and outcome dependence on the recipient (high / low) as independent variables. The main dependent variable was transmission likelihood of the news. Results showed that, high dependence participants were more likely to transmit good news than low dependence participants. In contrast, high dependence participants were less likely to transmit bad news than low dependence participants. Moreover, likeability was found to be a partial mediator of the relationship. Participants tend to think that they would be perceived as more likeable if they transmit good news and thus they were more likely to communicate the good news. From the personality variables only Machiavellianism had a significant effect. High Machs were more likely to transmit good news in high dependence condition than did low Machs. The results of the study were discussed in the relevant literature.

The use of the Internet has increased exponentially over the last decade. Individuals across all continents are progressively engaging in cyberspace interactions at work, in education, and for leisure. These online interactions, unconstrained by the limitations of corporeal reality, offer the potential for unique presentations of the self. The general aim of the research described in this thesis was to examine self-presentation in cyberspace. The research focused on MOOs, multi-user, text-based, user-extensible online environments, as a likely site for identity experimentation and play in cyberspace. Two studies are described. In the first quantitative study, 75 university students logged on to the front page of a social MOO where they selected a screen name, chose their gender, and provided a character description. As hypothesised, self-presentations were more likely to be based on actual identity rather than hoped for or feared selves. Contrary to expectation, little evidence was found of gender play. Self-presentations were typically positively biased and results suggested that players also perceived themselves more positively in the online context. Although sex and age were generally unrelated to self-presentation strategies, previous online experience, ethnicity, and personality profiles helped to explain self-presentation behaviour. / A qualitative study of a further 20 students in an educational MOO explored players understanding of their initial self-presentational choices and their management of these self-presentations over a 12-week period. Findings from the second study were consistent with the results from the first quantitative study and confirmed a strong desire for authentic self-presentation. Despite this emphasis on authenticity, the intention to play with identity was manifest in the form of selective self-disclosure, fantasy play, and exaggeration of traits. Participants also reported behaving in less inhibited ways online. A low incidence of gender play was noted. The overt identity play assumed by the cyberspace literature was not found in either study. Rather self-presentation in the online context appears to be governed by essentially similar processes to those that shape self-presentation in the offline world. The implications of the findings for teaching and learning, particularly for educators who want to use MOOs for identity experimentation, are discussed.

Sweden is one of the countries in Europe that has received the highest number of unaccompanied children. Every unaccompanied children who comes to Sweden should get a legal guardian who is responsible for the children’s personal, economic and legal questions. The legal guardian is an important person for the children’s well-being. It is important that the legal guardian is conscious about his role as a legal guardian and that he is following the chief guardian committee’s rules. The legal guardian should for example be conscious that they should not act like a father or mother. The purpose of the study is to get an understanding of which self-presentations the legal guardian is doing in an interaction with me as an interviewer and which presentation he is doing of his role as a legal guardian. The purpose is also to investigate which formal rules and informal rules are directed him into his role as a legal guardian and his actions. The data in the study has been gathered through a qualitative research method and ten interviews are conducted with five female legal guardians and five male legal guardians. The data is analyzed with Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective and how people act when they interacts with the entourage. The results of the study shows that legal guardians are presenting a positive side of themselves. They are presenting themselves as a competent legal guardians. The results also show that the legal guardians are conscious about the Chief guardian committee’s rules at the same time as they are directed by informal rules. The legal guardians are directed by chief guardian committee’s rules, religion-related norms, family-related norms and professional ideals.

Förmågan till effektiv självreglering är väsentlig för personers självpresentation. Enligt teorin om "ego depletion" är självreglering en begränsad resurs vilken tillfälligt försämras om den överanvänds. I en förhörssituation kan detta bli problematiskt eftersom en självuttömd självpresentation kan bidra till minskad trovärdighet och ökad mottaglighet för ledande frågor. Detta kan förstärkas om vittnesmålet dessutom erläggs på ett annat språk än modersmålet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om annat vittnesspråk än modersmål påverkar trovärdighet och erhållandet av ledande frågor. I ett experiment fick 60 personer uppskatta trovärdighet och formulera frågor till svenska respektive engelska vittnesmål. Därefter fick 12 oberoende personer skatta frågornas suggestibilitet. Resultatet visade att engelska vittnesmål (andraspråk) tenderade erhålla lägre trovärdighetsskattningar vilket kan bero på uttömd självreglering och misslyckade självpresentationer. Detta antyder att språk har inverkan på trovärdighet. Trots detta uppvisades ingen skillnad i andel ledande frågor beroende på språk. Framtida studier uppmanas testa effekten av "ego depletion" i autentiska förhörssituationer.

LES APPORTS DE LA CLINIQUE DU TRAVAIL À L’ANALYSE DE LA « PRÉSENTATION DE SOI » CHEZ LE DIRIGEANT D’ENTREPRISE Cette recherche se propose d’explorer ce qui, dans la rencontre entre la subjectivité du dirigeant d’entreprise et son travail, permet de mieux comprendre ses conduites souvent jugées irrationnelles. A l’issue d’une lecture critique des travaux de psychologie et de psychosociologie des organisations portant sur le dirigeant et des travaux de gestion portant sur son activité, la psychodynamique du travail s’impose comme la référence théorique de cette recherche et ce, bien qu’elle n’ait jamais investigué le terrain des directions d’entreprise. Nourrie de connaissances de gestion et de concepts issus de la psychodynamique du travail, cette recherche propose une approche clinique du travail du dirigeant, soit une clinique du décalage entre son travail prescrit et son travail réel. Source de connaissance du travail prescrit du dirigeant, les textes de management mettent en avant la « présentation de soi » comme l’une des composantes de ce travail. Dès lors, le cadre de cette recherche se centre sur l’analyse de cette « présentation de soi » dont les entretiens menés avec quinze dirigeants et dirigeantes révèleront la triple dimension : agir expressif et moyen de faire face aux exigences de la prescription de maîtrise, forme d’accès à la reconnaissance et enfin, stratégie de défense contre la souffrance au travail révélant la rationalité subjective de leurs conduites. Enjeux théoriques et méthodologiques pour la psychodynamique du travail, apport aux sciences de gestion et éthique managériale sont alors discutés, ouvrant la voie d’une réflexion pour définir une méthodologie d’intervention auprès de cette population. / THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE CLINICAL APPROACH TO WORK AS APPLIED TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE CEO’S “SELF-PRESENTATION” The purpose of this research is to explore what it is that, in the cross between CEO subjectivity and his work, allows to better understand behaviors that are often considered irrational. Following a critical review of the literature of organizational behavior and psycho-sociology that deals with the CEO, as well as of the management literature relating to his activity, the field of work-psychodynamics establishes itself as the theoretical reference for this research, despite never actually having penetrated the field of top management. With its grounding in an understanding of management as well as in concepts drawn from the field of work-psychodynamics, this research proposes a clinical approach to the work of the CEO, in other words a clinical study of the gap between prescribed work and actual work. As a source of knowledge of the prescribed tasks of the CEO, management literature tends to point to “self-presentation” as one aspect of that work. Consequently, the scope of this research focuses on the analysis of this “self-presentation”, whose triple dimension is revealed in interviews conducted with fifteen male and female CEOs: firstly, a means of expressive action and a way of coping with the constraints of prescribed mastery, secondly, a means of achieving recognition and finally, a strategy of defense against suffering at work, thus revealing the subjective rationality of their behaviors. We then discuss the theoretical and methodological implications on work-psychodynamics, the contribution to management science, as well as implications on managerial ethics, thereby opening the way to defining a methodology of intervention for this specific population.

The diploma thesis deals with the forms of self-representation of the last Rosenbergs. They were using the representations to support their political positions. The paper is based on a study of the panegyrics and symbolic decorations of the Rosenbergs' castles that were used to present the virtues of the Renaissance nobleman. The study analyzes Roman motifs of the Rosenbergs' propaganda. It tries to capture the views of particular individuals on selected ancient motifs from representation of the Rosenbergs. Ancient exempla presented the Rosenbergs by using the language of symbolic communication as Christian knights.