Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Community violence has been found to have profound negative effects on the lives of those exposed to it daily. The victims often tend to be adolescents, who, while striving for a better future, are often quite vulnerable to its effects. The present study focuses on the perception’s parents hold of their adolescent’s sense of safety and future aspirations in a community with high levels of violence. The data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews with participants residing in a community prone to violence. The researcher purposively sampled eight participants and conducted interviews in both English and Afrikaans.

Background: With regard to studies on the acceptance of the police, in which neighbourhoodfactors as well as attitude and trust in the police were examined, it is above all factors such asneighbourhood cohesion, disadvantage and trust in the effectiveness of the police presenceand the preference for security that exert an influence.Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate to what extent people's own attitudestowards safety and the environment in which they live influence their Police ProfilingAttitude.Methods: The data was cross-sectional analysis of internal security in Germany 2020, inwhich 1402 people took part. An ordinal regression analysis was performed in the attitudetowards police profiling associated with neighbourhood (condition, cohesion, trust), SecurityFreedom Spectrum (SFS) and sociodemographic factors were included.Results: 46% of those surveyed stated that safety was more important to them than freedom.The results of the regression analysis revealed a negative association between age andattitudes towards police profiling, suggesting that older people are more in favor of morepolice presence. In addition, differences were observed by educational level and Germanregion, with lower educational levels and West Germans tending to have more positiveattitudes towards police profiling. Trust in the neighbourhood and the importance of safetyover freedom also showed a significant association with attitudes towards police profiling.

La recherche menée dans le cadre de ce mémoire s’intéresse à la prévention des cybercrimes. De façon plus précise, l’étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer les effets perçus d’une campagne de prévention des cybercrimes réalisée par une institution financière canadienne. Une attention particulière a été accordée aux perceptions des personnes en lien avec leur sentiment de sécurité. Après la fin de la campagne (qui a eu lieu en octobre 2018), 1452 clients francophones (831 hommes et 521 femmes) ont répondu au sondage par l’entremise d’un panel web disponible en ligne. Les résultats indiquent que la campagne de prévention a été bien perçue pour une majorité des répondants (75%), en particulier chez les participants plus âgés (55 ans et plus). Les analyses ont aussi révélé que le genre n’était pas un facteur associé significativement aux réponses des répondants. De façon générale, les participants ont estimé que la campagne avait contribué à augmenter leur sentiment de sécurité, cependant, on constate que la campagne a manqué de visibilité car seulement un faible pourcentage d’individus se souvient l’avoir vue avant de répondre au sondage. Il en ressort néanmoins que la plupart des répondants sondés ont démontré de l’intérêt à recevoir plus d’informations sur la cybercriminalité et les moyens de s’en protéger. Dans le futur, il serait utile de mener des campagnes de prévention plus ciblées afin de mieux atteindre les objectifs poursuivis. La discussion fait état de plusieurs autres recommandations qui prennent appui sur les résultats obtenus et sur l’analyse de la documentation consultée. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a prevention campaign about cybercrimes that was run by a Canadian financial institution. More specifically, we examined how participants/clients perceived the financial institution’s initiative to inform them about cybercrimes. The study also explored whether or not the campaign had the desired effect, which was to reinforce their sense of security. This campaign took place on October 2018 and 1,452 adults (831 males and 521 females) participated in the online web survey. The results indicated that the prevention campaign had been positively perceived by most of the respondents (75%), especially among older individuals (55 y/o and over). Further analysis has shown no gender differences in participants’ responses. In general, participants felt that the campaign has increased their sense of safety; however, they also noted that the campaign lacked visibility and only a low percentage of individuals had seen it prior to the completion of the survey. Nonetheless, most participants have expressed an interest in receiving more information on cybercrime and how to take actions on protecting one’s self. In the future, it would be advisable to conduct targeted prevention campaigns in order to better achieve its objectives. Discussion also includes recommendations based on the results and the review of the literature.

Parker och grönområden är betydelsefulla för en stad och har många viktiga egenskaper och funktioner för både enskilda människor och för att möta de klimatutmaningar som samhället står inför. För människor erbjuder de plats för att socialisera, koppla av och njuta samtidigt som den biologiska mångfalden främjas, dagvatten tas omhand samt att det skänker karaktär för dess stad. När dessa grönytor presenteras för allmänheten upphöjs dem som attraktiva, inbjudande och trygga där det finns möjlighet för olika aktiviteter under dagtid. Under kvälls- och nattetid riskeras deras karaktär att ändras när mörkret faller, platsen avfolkas och människors rörelsemönster förändrar. Detta arbete fokuserar på att studera människors uppfattning av trygghet i parker och grönområden i städerna under kvälls- och nattetid idag och vilka fysiska faktorer som ger upphov till denna uppfattning. Studien är upplagd som en enkätundersökning som har skickats ut via mejl och sociala medier till människor över hela Sverige. Enkäten ställer frågor om människors egen uppfattning om trygghet i städernas parker och grönområden under kvälls- och nattetid, vilka fysiska faktorer som påverkar, synen på kommunernas kommunikation och ordningsmaktens arbete. Resultatet visar att människor i städerna känner otrygghet i våra parker och grönområden under de mörka timmarna på dygnet. Det visar även att människor undviker att röra sig eller vistas i parker och grönområden under kvälls- och nattetid. Från undersökningen går att utläsa vilka fysiska faktorer som påverkar uppfattningen av otrygghet, som exempelvis vegetationens storlek och placering, belysning samt otydliga gångstråk. Från dessa påverkande fysiska faktorer visas att mörka platser är den största faktorn för otrygghet. Enkätens respondenter anger även att med högre närvaro av ordningsmakten och mer kameror utplacerade så skulle känslan av trygghet öka. Med allmänhetens åsikter av vad som ger otrygghet idag mot hur kommunernas trygghetsarbeten bevisas här att man inte har lyckats. Resultatet av studien ger utrymme för att kunna skapa en diskussion mot att stärka den fysiska miljön i våra parker och grönområden. / Parks and green areas are important to a city and have many different characteristics and functions, both for individuals and the climate challenges society is facing. For the people they offer a place to socialize, relax and enjoy while promoting biodiversity, taking care of stormwater and giving character to the city. When these green spaces are presented to the public, they are raised as attractive, inviting and safe where there is the opportunity for various activities during the day. But in the evening and night time, their character is at risk of changing as darkness falls, the place is depopulated and people's movement patterns change. This work focuses on studying people's perceptions on sense of safety today in parks and green areas in cities during the evening and night hours, and what physical factors that cause this perception. The study is designed as a survey that has been sent out by e-mails and social media to people all over Sweden. The survey asks questions about people's own perceptions on sense of safety in urban parks and green areas during the evening and night hours, what physical factors affect, the view of the municipalities' communication and the work of the authorities. The result shows that people in the cities are not feel safe in our parks and green areas during the dark hours of the day. It also shows that people avoid moving or staying in parks and green areas during the evening and night hours. From the survey it is possible to find out which physical factors that affect people perception of safety, such as the size and location of the vegetation, lighting and unclear walking paths. From these affecting physical factors it is shown that dark places are the larges factor for felling of safety. The survey respondents also state that with a higher presence of police and more cameras deployed, the feeling of safety would increase. With the public's views of what gives the felling of safety nowday agains municipalities' safety work proves here that they have not succeeded. The result of the study gives room to for a discussion about strengthening the physical environment in our parks and green areas.