Spelling suggestions: "subject:"separated"" "subject:"eparated""
81 |
„Living apart together“ im Kontext von Partnerschaftsbildern, beruflichen Lagen und Eigenschaften der HerkunftsfamilieLois, Nadia 10 July 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Die kumulative Promotion befasst sich mit der Lebensform „Living apart together“ (LAT), worunter Paare verstanden werden, die nach Maßgabe ihre Selbstwahrnehmung in getrennten Haushalten leben. Die Arbeit besteht aus insgesamt vier Beiträgen, die in peer-review-Journals erschienen sind sowie einer zusammenfassenden Synopse. Ein erster Schwerpunkt des Promotionsprojektes besteht darin, die Binnendifferenzierung der partnerschaftlichen Lebensform LAT zu untersuchen. Dazu werden mit Daten des Beziehungs- und Familienpanels (Befragte zwischen 15 und 39 Jahre) verschiedene Typen von LAT-Partnerschaften mithilfe von Clusteranalysen identifiziert. Hierbei erweist sich eine heuristische Einteilung in drei Idealtypen – die LAT als Vorstufe stärker verfestigter Lebensformen, LAT als berufsbedingte Notlösung und LAT als Beziehungsideal – als weitgehend empirisch tragfähig. Gleichzeitig werden neue Typen wie z.B. die „ökonomisch deprivierte LAT“ identifiziert, bei der eine ökonomisch prekäre Lage und eine starke Betroffenheit von Arbeitslosigkeit die weitere Institutionalisierung der Partnerschaft zu hemmen scheinen. Das zweite Ziel der Arbeit besteht darin, die Entwicklung der LAT-Partnerschaften im Längsschnitt, d.h. die Übergänge in den gemeinsamen Haushalt einerseits und in eine Trennung andererseits, zu untersuchen. Hier zeigen sich zum Teil deutlich Unterschiede zwischen den zuvor identifizierten Clustern. Eine niedrige Übergangsrate in die Kohabitation sowie ein hohes Trennungsrisiko können z.B. für jugendliche LAT-Partnerschaften, aber auch für den ökonomisch deprivierten Typ, beobachtet werden. Die Kohabitationsneigung bei berufsbedingten Fernbeziehungen ist dagegen höher und das Trennungsrisiko geringer als theoretisch erwartet. Schließlich wird als dritter Schwerpunkt des Projektes der Frage nachgegangen, welche Rolle Eigenschaften der Herkunftsfamilie im Institutionalisierungsprozess spielen. Es zeigt sich, dass Jugendliche die für sie typische LAT-Partnerschaft insbesondere dann früh verlassen und einen Haushalt mit ihrem Partner gründen, wenn es sich nicht um Kernfamilien, sondern um alleinerziehende Eltern oder Stiefeltern handelt. Im Promotionsprojekt wird der Frage nachgegangen, auf welche Mechanismen diese Zusammenhänge hauptsächlich zurückführbar ist, wobei verschiedene theoretische Ansätze – ökonomische Deprivation, Transmissionseffekte, soziale Kontrolle, Stress – vergleichend gegenübergestellt werden.
|
82 |
Des exceptions qui confirment les règles? L'entrepreneuriat féminin à Montréal, 1920-1980Gallez, Philomène 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
|
83 |
Aconselhamento pastoral com mulheres separadas: tecendo uma rede de apoioIvan Jorge dos Santos Luna 22 April 2010 (has links)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as dificuldades socioeconômicas
encontradas pelas mulheres separadas batistas do bairro de Paripe, em
Salvador/BA, em manter-se social e economicamente. Seu objetivo foi também
reconhecer as limitações das igrejas batistas e de suas lideranças em acolher a
mulher separada com suas peculiaridades, além de apresentar alternativas de
aconselhamento pastoral, tomando como base a Rede de Apoio para Mulheres. / The objective of the present paper was to identify the social and economical
difficulties faced by the separated Baptist women in the neighborhood of Paripe in
Salvador/BA, to maintain themselves socially and economically. Its objective was
also to recognize the limitations of the Baptist churches and its leadership in
receiving the separated woman with its peculiarities and to present an alternative of
pastoral counseling based on womens supporting network.
|
84 |
Vliv užití separované hovězí kejdy jako plastického organického steliva na zdravotní stav, reprodukční ukazatele a kvalitu mléka ustájených krav a mikroklima stáje / Effects of the use of separated bovine manure as organic plastic litter on the state of health, reproductive performance and quality of milk cows and kept stable microclimate.KOZLOVÁ, Pavlína January 2009 (has links)
The observation was performed in brick buildings for dairy cows breeding. The stabling was created as lose boxes with litter (made from separated slurry) and with grid dung-passage.The aim of the work was assessed evaluation the availability of separated slurry used as a plastic litter from the animal hygiene points of view health, reproduction and milk quality in cosws, and microclimatic parameters of stabling. During experiment was ascertained, that not founded negative impact at the animals health.
|
85 |
Genetic algorithm for vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous fleet and separate collection and delivery: a case in the Secretariat of Labor and Social Development of the State of Cearà / Algoritmo genÃtico para o problema de roteirizaÃÃo de veÃculos com frota heterogÃnea e coleta e entrega separadas: estudo de caso na Secretaria do Trabalho e Desenvolvimento Social do Estado do CearÃCÃsar Augusto Chaves e Sousa Filho 31 July 2014 (has links)
A concern of logistics management is the correct and efficient use of the available fleet. The central focus of fleet management is determining the routes that will be used in customer service and the efficient allocation of available resources (vehicles). The correct fleet management can generate a competitive advantage. There is a problem in the Operations Research dedicated to working this type of situation, the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). The VRP tries to generate the most economical route to efficient use of the available fleet. The case study discussed in this work was a particular situation VRP where there is a heterogeneous fleet and where the collections and deliveries of passengers are carried at separate times. To solve this problem we designed a Genetic Algorithm. Additionally, three different crossover operators were tested in the search for better results. At the end of the study, the Genetic Algorithm was capable of solving the problem in a short time and finding the most economical way to generate routes, using efficiently the fleet and fulfilling all requests. / Uma das preocupaÃÃes da gestÃo logÃstica à a correta e eficiente utilizaÃÃo da frota disponÃvel. O foco central da gestÃo da frota està em determinar as rotas que serÃo utilizadas no atendimento aos clientes e a alocaÃÃo eficiente dos recursos (veÃculos) disponÃveis. A gestÃo correta da frota pode gerar um diferencial competitivo. Existe na Pesquisa Operacional um problema dedicado a trabalhar este tipo de situaÃÃo, denominado Problema de Roteamento de VeÃculos (PRV). O PRV procura gerar a rota mais econÃmica com utilizaÃÃo eficiente da frota disponÃvel. No estudo de caso, realizado neste trabalho, foi abordada uma situaÃÃo particular do PRV onde hà uma frota heterogÃnea e as coletas e entregas de passageiros sÃo realizadas em momentos separados. Para a resoluÃÃo deste problema foi desenvolvido e implementado um Algoritmo GenÃtico (AG). Adicionalmente, trÃs operadores de cruzamento diferentes foram testados na busca dos melhores resultados encontrados pelo AG. Ao final, o Algoritmo GenÃtico conseguiu se mostrar capaz de resolver o problema em tempo hÃbil e de maneira a gerar rotas mais econÃmicas, utilizando eficientemente a frota e atendendo todas as solicitaÃÃes.
|
86 |
Dispositivos para cristais piezelétricos de quartzo com eletrodos separados para estudos de processos físicos e químicos de superfícies e filmes depositados / Separated electrodes piezelectric quartz crystal devices for studies ogf physical and chemical process and film coatedCarlos Antonio Neves 02 October 2000 (has links)
Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de dispositivos usando cristais piezelétricos de quartzo com eletrodos separados (ESPC) que, através do monitoramento da freqüência de oscilação e do espectro de impedância, permitem estudar modificações superficiais do cristal. Para o monitoramento de freqüência de oscilação, usou-se um circuito oscilador TTL seguido por um freqüencímetro e por uma interface conectada a um microcomputador. Para o controle desta interface, foi desenvolvida uma biblioteca de ligação dinâmica e um programa em HP-VEE 4.0. Os espectros de impedância foram obtidos via programas que controlam um analisador de impedâncias via protocolo GPIB. O primeiro dispositivo presta-se a estudos de filmes depositados (DFD) e é feito em acrílico com eletrodos em latão posicionados a décimos de milímetros do cristal. Sua parte superior possui uma camisa de água para a termostatização. O segundo, semelhante ao primeiro, permite a modificação de superfície (DMS) de ESPC através da introdução de reagentes na fase gasosa. Os dois dispositivos foram caracterizados e o primeiro mostrou boa linearidade entre as massas depositadas e aquelas estimadas pela equação de Sauerbrey. O DFD foi utilizado para monitoramento em tempo não real da modificação superficial do cristal por N-[3-(trimetoxisilil)propil]-1,2-etanodiamina seguida por reação com ácido iodoacético. Os resultados mostraram evidências de aumento de massa e mudança nas propriedades viscoelásticas do filme. O DMS foi utilizado para monitoramento em tempo real da modificação superficial com trimetilclorosilano (TMCS) e dimetildiclorosilano (DMDCS). Com o TMCS, devido à formação de uma monocamada, não foi possível monitorar variações significativas de freqüência de oscilação. Com o DMDCS foi possível verificar a formação de poli(dimetilsiloxano). / This dissertation describes the development of devices based on separated-electrode piezoelectric quartz crystals (ESPC) to study surface modifications. This is accomplished by monitoring the oscillation frequency and impedance spectrum of the crystal in the cell. A TTL oscillator coupled to a frequency counter and a microcomputer interface is used for monitoring the oscillation frequency. A dynamic link library and HP-VEE 4.0 programs were developed to control the interface. Other programs were also developed to acquire the impedance spectra from a spectrum analyzer by using the GPIB protocol. The first device (DFD) is intended to study deposited films. It is made in Plexiglas, with brass electrodes positioned at a few tenths of millimeters from the crystal surface, and a thermostatic water jacket. The second device (DMS) is similar to the first one, but allows the use of corrosive reagents in the gas phase for surface modification. The performance of both devices was evaluated and the results showed good agreement between the deposited mass and the one predicted by Sauerbrey equation. The DFD was used for offline monitoring of the crystal surface modification by N-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]-1,2-ethanediamine followed by iodoacetic acid. The results show evidences of mass and viscoelastic variations of the film. The DMS was used for on-line monitoring during surface modification with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) and dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDCS). Due to the monolayer formed by TMCS, no significant frequency variation could be observed. On the other hand, the polymerization of DMDCS could be monitored.
|
87 |
Approches numériques pour l'analyse globale d'écoulements pariétaux en régime subsonique / Numerical approach for the global stability analysis of subsonic boundary flowsMerle, Matthieu 25 September 2015 (has links)
Dans le cadre de l'étude des écoulements ouverts, deux types de dynamiques coexistent. Les écoulements de type oscillateur qui présentent une fréquence propre d'oscillation indépendante des perturbations extérieures (dynamique intrinsèque), ainsi que les écoulements de type amplificateur sélectif de bruit comme les écoulements de jets ou de couches limites décollées, caractérisés par une plus large gamme de fréquences dépendantes essentiellement de bruit extérieur (dynamique extrinsèque). Les études de couches limites décollées en régime incompressible ont montré un lien entre le phénomène auto-entretenu de basse fréquence qui apparaît et l'interaction non normale des modes globaux instables existants pour ce type de configuration. L'objectif de ce travail consiste à étendre cette interprétation lorsque l'écoulement est en régime subsonique. Dans ce but, un travail d'adaptation des conditions aux limites non-réfléchissantes aux problèmes de stabilité globale a été réalisé. Une méthode de zone absorbante de type Perfectly Matched Layer a été implémentée dans un code de simulation numérique utilisant des méthodes de collocation spectrale. Une méthode de décomposition de domaine adaptée aux calculs des solutions stationnaires ainsi qu'aux problèmes de stabilité globale a également été utilisée pour permettre la validation des conditions aux limites implémentées sur un cas d'écoulement rayonnant de cavité ouverte. Enfin, les études de stabilité d'un écoulement de couche limite décollée derrière une géométrie de type bosse ont été réalisées. L'étude des instabilités bidimensionnelles, responsables du phénomène basse fréquence (flapping), et réalisées en régime subsonique montre que le mécanisme observé en régime incompressible est aussi observé en régime subsonique. La stabilité de cet écoulement vis-à-vis de perturbations tri-dimensionnelles, et plus particulièrement les instabilités centrifuges ont aussi été étudiées en fonction du nombre de Mach. / In open flows context, there are generally two types of dynamic : oscillators, such as cylinder flow, exhibit a well defined frequency insensitive to external perturbations (intrinsic dynamics) and noise amplifiers, such as boundary layers, jets or in some cases the separated flows, which are characterized by wider spectrum bands that depend essentially on the external noise (dynamic extrinsic). Previous studies have shown that separated flows are subject to self-induced oscillations of low frequency in incompressible regime. These studies have revealed links between the interaction of non-normal modes and low oscillations in an incompressible boundary-layer separation and it will be to establish the validity of this interpretation in a compressible regime. In this regard, non-reflecting boundary conditions have been developed to solve the eigenvalue problem formed by linearised Navier-Stokes equations. An absorbing region known as Perfectly Matched Layer has been implemented in order to damp acoustic perturbations which are generated when the compressibility of the flow is considered. A multi-domain approach using spectral collocation discretisation has also been developed in order to study the influence of this absorbing region on the stability analysis of an open cavity flow which is known to generate acoustic perturbations. Finally, we focused on separated boundary layer induced by a bump geometry in order to understand what are the effects of compressibility on the bidimensional low frequency phenomenon and also on transverse instabilities which are known to be unstable for a lots of separated flows.
|
88 |
OBTENÇÃO DE HIDROLISADO PROTEICO DE CARNE MECANICAMENTE SEPARADA (CMS) E CARCAÇAS MANUALMENTE DESOSSADAS (CMD) DE FRANGO POR HIDRÓLISE ENZIMÁTICA / OBTAINMENT OF PROTEIC HYDROLYSATE FROM MECHANICALLY SEPARATED MEAT (MSM) AND MANUALLY DEBONED CHICKEN CARCASSES (MDC) BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS.Oliveira, Mari Silvia Rodrigues de 12 September 2012 (has links)
The production and use of protein hydrolysates, derived from animal and vegetable sources in specific formulations is an area of growing interest. Protein hydrolysates can be obtained mainly by three methods: alkaline hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis. However, enzymatic hydrolysis shows to be more beneficial, and with this purpose various enzymes from different sources are used in order to obtain protein rich hydrolysates. Three proteolytic enzymes called Papaína®, Flavourzyme® and Protamex® were used for hydrolysis of mechanically separated meat MSM and manually deboned chicken carcass MDC. The hydrolysis occurred in a thermostatic bath with controlled temperature, time and pH, specific to each of the three enzymes used. Proximal composition of raw materials and lyophilized hydrolysates obtained was performed. Also were performed control analysis of hydrolysis such as degree of hydrolysis, protein, total solids, ash and characterization of amino acid hydrolysates. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey test. Protein hydrolysates obtained from MSM and MDC had high protein content characterizing them as a promising raw material in the formulation of special diets. The highest degree of hydrolysis with MCS was obtained with Papaína, and the most efficient MDC enzyme in the enzymatic hydrolysis was Papaína, followed by Protamex and Flavourzyme. The hydrolysates obtained from the MCS with Papaína obtained higher protein and soluble solids content and lower ash content when compared to other hydrolysates with Protamex and Flavourzyme. For the raw MDC, the highest levels of proteins were found in the hydrolyzate obtained with Papaína, soluble solids did not vary between Papaína and Protamex, but the enzyme Flavourzyme presented a smaller percentage of soluble solids (p <0.05) than the other two enzymes. The highest concentration of ash from the hydrolysates obtained from MDC with Protamex and Flavourzyme (6.75% to 7.97%) is the result of pH adjustment during hydrolysis. The amino acid composition of the hydrolysates demonstrates that both CMS and CMD derived from Papain obtained a composition closer to what is recommended by the control authorities. The functional properties of the hydrolysates are highly dependent on the degree of hydrolysis. The protein solubility increased with higher degree of hydrolysis and the hydrolyzate with highest solubility was MCS obtained from Papaína. The higher water retention capacity was presented by the enzyme hydrolyzate obtained with Flavourzyme on MSM and this property is inversely proportional to the degree of hydrolysis, such as the ability to retain oil which was higher with Flavourzyme on both raw materials. The emulsifying capacity was also higher with Flavourzyme on MSM, since this property also depends on the degree of hydrolysis. Therefore, based on the results, enzymatic hydrolysis becomes a useful tool for processing meat based raw materials. / A produção e a utilização de hidrolisados proteicos, oriundos de fontes animais e vegetais, em formulações específicas é uma área de crescente interesse. Os hidrolisados proteicos podem ser obtidos basicamente por três métodos, hidrólise alcalina, hidrólise enzimática e a hidrólise ácida. Porém, a hidrólise enzimática apresenta-se mais benéfica, e com este intuito várias enzimas das mais diferentes fontes são utilizadas, com a finalidade de obter hidrolisados proteicos, ricos em proteínas. Neste estudo foram utilizadas três enzimas proteolíticas denominadas de Papaína®, Flavourzyme® e Protamex® para a hidrólise de carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) e carcaça manualmente desossada (CMD) de frango. A hidrólise ocorreu em banho termostatizado com temperatura, tempo e pH controlados e específicos para cada uma das três enzimas utilizadas. Foi determinada a composição proximal das matérias-primas e dos hidrolisados liofilizados obtidos, também foram realizadas análises de controle da hidrólise como grau de hidrólise, teores de proteínas, sólidos totais, cinzas e caracterização de aminoácidos dos hidrolisados. Os resultados foram avaliados por análise de variância e teste de médias de Tukey. Os hidrolisados proteicos obtidos da CMS e da CMD de frango apresentaram alto conteúdo proteico caracterizando-se como uma matéria-prima promissora na formulação de dietas especiais. O maior grau de hidrólise com a CMS foi obtido com a Papaína, e para a CMD a enzima mais eficiente na hidrólise enzimática foi a Protamex seguida da Papaína e da Flavourzyme. Os hidrolisados obtidos a partir da CMS com a Papaína obtiveram maior teor proteico, de sólidos solúveis e menor teor de cinzas quando comparados com outros hidrolisados obtidos com a Flavourzyme e a Protamex. Para a matéria prima CMD, os maiores teores de proteínas foram encontrados no hidrolisado obtido com a Papaína, os sólidos solúveis não variaram entre a Papaína e Protamex, porém a enzima Flavourzyme apresentou um percentual de sólidos solúveis menores (p<0,05) que as outras duas enzimas. A maior concentração de cinzas dos hidrolisados provenientes da CMD obtidos com a Flavourzyme e com a Protamex (6,75% a 7,97%) é decorrente do ajustamento do pH durante a hidrólise. A composição de aminoácidos demonstra que os hidrolisados oriundos tanto da CMS como da CMD obtidos da Papaína possuem uma composição mais próxima da recomendada pelos órgãos de controle. As propriedades funcionais dos hidrolisados são altamente dependentes do grau de hidrólise. A solubilidade proteica aumentou com o aumento do grau de hidrólise e o hidrolisado que apresentou maior solubilidade foi com a CMS e com a papaína como enzima. A maior capacidade de retenção de água foi apresentada pelo hidrolisado obtido com a enzima Flavourzyme na CMS, e esta propriedade é inversamente proporcional ao grau de hidrólise. Da mesma forma a capacidade de retenção de óleo foi maior para a Flavourzyme, nas duas matérias-primas utilizadas. A capacidade emulsificante também foi maior para a Flavourzyme na CMS, já que esta propriedade também depende do grau de hidrólise. Assim, com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que a hidrólise enzimática torna-se uma ferramenta bastante útil na transformação das matérias-primas cárneas.
|
89 |
Účetní a daňové aspekty různých forem vstupu na zahraniční trhy / Accounting and tax aspects of different types of the foreign market entrancePeciválová, Lenka January 2009 (has links)
The major topic of this thesis is tax and accounting aspects of different types of foreign market entrance. Basic types of foreign market entrance and their accounting and tax comprehension are defined in the first chapter. The second chapter is focused on legal point of view of the foreign entities business in Czech Republic and there are defined the main differences in foreign entities business by czech corporate entity and branch. The main differences of these subjects from the tax point of view are established in the third chapter, tax registration, tax duty origin, tax base, double taxation, mutual relations and transfer pricing. The fourth chapter is focused on the accounting duties both subjects, their differences and transactions accounting in practice of branch and its founder, foreign entity, in centralized and separated accounting system.
|
90 |
Transglutaminase e albumina de ovo em reestruturados cozidos congelados de frango / Transglutaminase and egg albumin in restructured cooked frozen chickenMárcio Aurélio de Almeida 10 January 2011 (has links)
A importância de toda a cadeia produtiva de aves no Brasil é fortemente impulsionada pela produção, exportação de carne de frango e pelo seu consumo per capita, que em 2009 foi de 11 milhões de toneladas, 3.3 milhões de toneladas e 40,1 Kg/hab/ano respectivamente. Porém a exportação de cortes e a preferência dos consumidores por cortes de frangos e filés ao invés dos frangos inteiros despertaram a necessidade de encontrar meios para o aproveitamento de dorsos, pescoços e ossos resultantes da desossa. A produção de carne mecanicamente separada com essas partes tornou-se ao longo dos anos uma alternativa viável, produzindo uma matéria-prima de baixo custo. O desenvolvimento de um produto reestruturado cozido congelado com carne de ave, com a utilização de pedaços desossados de peito e sobrecoxa, adicionados de carne mecanicamente separada do dorso da carcaça das aves tornou-se interessante para a indústria e consumidor. Porém as características desejadas pelo consumidor deste tipo de produto são consistência, força de adesão e suculência, ou seja, características de um filé de frango íntegro. Para conseguir essas características desejadas objetivou-se utilizar ingredientes não cárneos como a transglutaminase e albumina de ovo em pó, sendo esses ingredientes adicionais somados a adição de carne mecanicamente separada o estudo deste projeto. Para determinar a qualidade do produto foi realizada análise microbiológica no produto cru e após o cozimento e posteriormente para avaliar sua qualidade durante o armazenamento e sua vida útil a -18°C, foram realizadas análises como pH, cor instrumental, valor de TBARS e análise sensorial, sendo esta última para determinar aceitação do produto por consumidores. / The importance poultry production chain in Brazil is strongly stimulated by meat poultry exportation 11 million of tons, 3,3 million of tons and by per capita consumption 40,1 kg/hab/year. Although the preference of exportation cuts and the consumer preference by cuts instead of whole chicken so theres a search for the use of backs, necks, and bones from the boning. The mechanically separated meat production with that parts over the years one viable alternative, resulting in low cost raw material. Then the develop of restructured product frozen and cooked with poultry meat, the utilization of boning meat from chest and thighs , added to most from back bones is extremity interesting for industry and consumers. But the features desired by consumers for this product are the cohesiveness, richness and strength of accession, that means whole chicken characteristics. To achieve these desired features aimed to use non meat ingredients as transglutaminase and egg albumin powder were used, and these non meat ingredients added to the minced meat in the objective of this project. To determine the quality of the product, microbiological analyses in the raw product and after cooking were performed, and later, to evaluate its quality during storage and service life at -18°C, analyses such as pH, instrumental color, TBARS values and analysis sensory were performed, the latter being performed to determine the acceptance of the product by consumers.
|
Page generated in 0.0847 seconds