Most previous studies of Soviet montage cinema have concentrated on its aesthetic and technical aspects; however, montage cinema was essentially a rhetoric rather than an aesthetic of cinema. This thesis presents a comparative study of the leading montage film-makers – Kuleshov, Pudovkin, Eisenstein and Vertov – comparing and contrasting the differing methods by which they used cinema to exert a rhetorical effect on the spectator for the purposes of political propaganda. The definitions of propaganda in general use in the study of Soviet montage cinema are too narrowly restrictive and a more nuanced definition is clearly needed. Furthermore, the role of the spectator in constituting the rhetorical effectivity of a montage film has been neglected; a psychoanalytic model of the way in which the filmic text can trigger a change in the spectator’s psyche is required. Moreover, the ideology of the Soviet montage films is generally assumed to exist only in their content, whereas in classical cinema ideology also operates at the level of the enunciation of the filmic text itself. The extent to which this is also true for Soviet montage cinema should be investigated. I have analysed the interaction between montage films and their spectators from multiple perspectives, using several distinct but complementary theoretical approaches, including recent theories of propaganda, a psychoanalytic model of rhetoric, Lacanian psychoanalysis and the theory of the system of the suture, and Peircean semiotics. These different theoretical approaches, while having distinct conceptual bases, work together to build a new and consistent picture of montage cinema as a propaganda medium and as a form of political rhetoric. I have been able to classify the films of Kuleshov, Eisenstein and Pudovkin as transactive, vertical agitation propaganda and the films of Vertov as transactive, horizontal agitation propaganda. Furthermore, I show that montage cinema embeds ideology in the enunciation of its filmic text, but differs from classical cinema in trying to subvert the suturing process. I conclude that Vertov at least partly created a non-representational cinematography and that he could be regarded as being at least as much a Suprematist film-maker as a Constructivist one.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo traduzir para português brasileiro e fazer uma análise semiótica da novela Parque cultural (1983), do escritor russo Serguei Dovlátov. Além disso, pretendemos apresentar aos leitores e pesquisadores brasileiros os traços fundamentais da obra deste, que é um dos principais prosadores russos da segunda metade do séc. XX e um dos maiores representantes da Terceira Onda de emigração russa. Uma das especificidades do método artístico de Dovlátov consiste em uma forte vinculação de sua obra com fatos da cultura, literatura e história da Rússia e da União Soviética. Essa característica permite-nos analisar seus textos como textos de cultura, segundo a concepção semiótica de Iú. Lótman. Na novela Parque cultural, espelham-se tais fenômenos da cultura soviética, como o mito soviético do poeta Aleksándr Púchkin, considerado símbolo da cultura, a existência na União Soviética de duas culturas paralelas (a oficial e a não oficial), o fenômeno da massiva emigração dos anos 1970, entre outros. A tradução da novela Parque cultural (título em russo, Zapoviédnik) para o português do Brasil, com notas e comentários, constitui parte integrante deste trabalho. Praticamente toda a obra de Dovlátov é humorística, e a transmissão dos elementos de humor e marcas culturais, presentes no texto, foi um dos desafios dessa tradução. / This work is aimed at translating the novel Pushkin Hills by Sergei Dovlatov into Brazilian Portuguese (the title in Russian is Zapoviednik, and the title in Portuguese is Parque Cultural, 1983) and analyze this text from a semiotic point of view. We furthermore intend to present the basic features of Dovlatovs work, who is considered to be one of the leading Russian prose writers of the second half of the XX century and one of the greatest representatives of the Third Wave of Russian Emigration, to readers and Brazilian researchers. One of the features of Dovlatovs artistic methods lies in the close connection of his work with the culture, literature and history of Russia and the Soviet Union. This feature allows us to analyze his texts as cultural texts, according to Yuri Lotmans semiotic concept. The themes of the novel Pushkin Hills reflect such phenomena of Soviet culture as, among others, the \"Soviet\" myth of the poet Aleksandr Pushkin, who is considered to be a symbol of culture, the existence in the Soviet Union of two parallel cultures (official and unofficial), the massive emigration of the 1970s. The translation of the novel into Brazilian Portuguese, with notes and comments, is an integral part of this work. Almost all of Dovlatov\'s work is humorous, and conveying elements of humor and cultural references in the text was one of the challenges of this translation.

Propõe-se, nesta dissertação, identificar e analisar elementos da cinematografia do cineasta russo (soviético) Serguei M. Eisenstein que seriam fundamentais para a construção do filme como um texto artístico. Selecionou-se, como objeto de análise, o longa-metragem lançado em 1938, Aleksandr Niévski. Examina-se, ao longo da análise, elementos como a construção de personagem, o desenvolvimento do tema, o enquadramento, o som e a mise-en-scène. Parte-se da hipótese de que o filme, sendo um texto artístico, ainda que a sua produção esteja enraizada nas diretrizes do Realismo Socialista, não se limita a transmitir uma realidade restrita, antes o artista amplia as possibilidades significativas do material criativo de que dispõe resultando em um texto que transpõe seu limite espacial e temporal. Dentro dessa perspectiva, objetiva-se identificar os elementos da linguagem cinematográfica, (enquadramentos, mise-èn-scene, montagem etc) que foram explorados ao longo do filme, e analisar como esses aspectos são articulados na construção do tema da obra: o patriotismo. Para embasar o estudo proposto, dividiu-se, de modo geral, o campo teórico em duas vertentes: primeiramente, para a concepção do filme como um texto artístico, valemo-nos do conceito de obra de arte como um texto artístico, desenvolvido pelo teórico russo Iuri Lotman, e da concepção de linguagem poética discutida por Roman Jakobson; já para a análise dos elementos da linguagem artística cinematográfica, privilegiaram-se os textos teóricos de Serguei Eisenstein, assim como os estudos desenvolvidos por David Bordwell e Jean Mitry. Por fim, como metodologia de análise, buscou-se observar e analisar o período histórico vivido pelo cineasta no momento da produção do filme, o Realismo Socialista, e as referências históricas da personagem central que norteiam as escolhas artísticas. Posteriormente, verifica-se, por meio da análise dos elementos da linguagem cinematográfica, como o filme, enquanto um texto artístico, é portador de uma riqueza de sentido advinda da articulação dos elementos cinematográficos, favorecendo a construção de uma unidade temática: o patriotismo / The purpose of this dissertation is to identify and analyze elements of cinematography in the work of Russian (Soviet) filmmaker Sergei M. Eisenstein, which would be essential to the construction of the film as an artistic text. Aleksander Niévski, the motion picture released in 1938, was selected as the scope of the analysis. Throughout the analysis, elements such as character construction, theme development, framing, sound and mise-en-scène were examined. I begin with the hypothesis that the film, as an artistic text, in spite of having been produced with roots in the directives of Socialist Realism, is not limited to conveying a restricted reality; rather, the artist broadens the meaningful possibilities of the creative material at hand, resulting in a text that surpasses its limits of time and space. In this perspective, the objective is to identify the elements of cinematic language (framing, mise-èn-scene, editing etc) explored throughout the film and analyze how these aspects are articulated to construction the theme: patriotism. In order to lay the basis for the proposed study, the theoretical field was, overall, divided into two views: firstly, for the conception of the film as an artistic text, we made use of the concept of the art work as an artistic text - developed by Russian theorist Iuri Lotman and of the conception of poetic language, discussed by Roman Jakobson; and to analyze the elements of cinematic artistic language, the theoretical texts by Sergei Eisenstein as well as the studies developed by David Bordwell and Jean Mitry were favored. Finally, as a method of analysis, I sought to observe and analyze the historical period in which the artist lived at the moment of the production of the film the Socialist Realism and the historical references of the main character which conduct the artistic choices. Subsequently, by analyzing the elements of cinematic language, it is verified how the film, as an artistic text, bears a richness of meaning ensuing from the articulation of the cinematic elements, favoring the construction of a theme unit: patriotism

HOREJŠOVÁ, Martina: George Gershwin: Concerto in F for piano and orchestra [Diploma thesis]. Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Arts. Institute of Musicology. Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jarmila Gabrielová, CSc. Prague 2016. The main theme of the diploma thesis is a musical analysis of Concerto in F - the only Gershwin's piano concert from 1925. This diploma thesis also contains information about composer's life, contemporary historical context with relation to American cultural, social and political climate. As well text includes contemporary musical production, which influenced Gershwin's compositional technique. There will also be a comparison between George Gershwin and two other composers (Sergei Rachmaninoff and Maurice Ravel) who also created concert for piano and orchestra in the early 20th century.

One of the famous Russian composers and a pianist himself, Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953) composed a vast quantity of piano music. His nine piano sonatas represent well how he projected his musical individuality and the principles that he addressed in his autobiography: classical line, modern trend, toccata line, lyrical line, and grotesque line. However, even though Prokofiev's piano sonatas are considered one of the important collections in the piano repertoire, not all of them have gained popularity and only a few tend to be frequently performed by pianists today. For this reason, this dissertation focuses on one of his less-performed piano sonatas, No. 4 in C minor, Op. 29. The pianists György Sándor and Boris Berman were chosen as specialists in Prokofiev's piano works, and their performance editions and recordings are analyzed and compared as main references. This study provides analysis and a performance guide to this piano sonata. This guide discusses pedaling, fingering, phrasing, touch, voicing, tempo suggestion, articulation, hand distribution, and expression.

Sergei Rachmaninoff's Second Piano Concerto is one of the most frequently performed and beloved works. It is ironic that, however, despite its huge popularity, there are not many in-depth studies of this concerto, offering pianists few opportunities to examine the work from an analytical perspective. The detailed analysis presented in this study reveals that the main structure of this concerto is directly related to a motto comprising three-notes, designated the 6-5-1 motto. In his use of this motto in the Second Piano Concerto, Rachmaninoff was profoundly influenced by the German-born composer Adolf von Henselt. Indeed, while von Henselt's importance for Russian music has been generally recognized, his impact, especially upon Rachmaninoff, has received insufficient attention in the scholarly literature. This study also examines Henselt's Piano Concerto Op. 16 in depth in order to demonstrate how Rachmaninoff's masterwork relates to its precursor. Additional studies of the 6-5-1 motto in European compositions from the nineteenth century trace the motto's origins.

IN ENGLISH The primary concern of this thesis is to explore the instances of incorporation of media-specific elements extracted and translated from radio and cinema into Samuel Beckett's late prose. The analysis of the texts forming Beckett's Nohow On trilogy is based on the investigation of the two modes of perception - the aural and the visual - and is realised through the close reading of Company, Ill Seen Ill Said, and Wostward Ho in the context of media and film theory and practice. The chief premise is that the formal translations among the print and non-print media in Beckett's work are conditioned by the author's interest in, and theoretical and practical familiarity with, radio, television, and cinematography. The discussion is thus supported by biographical and bibliographical framework, and Beckett's familiarity with the specificities of broadcast media and cinema is considered in their direct relation to the progressive 'technologisation' of his fiction of the 1980s. The thesis outlines the origins and transformations of the motif of voice as one of Beckett's chief fictional concerns, and explores the texts' practical and notional borrowings from the field of cinematography to elucidate the way in which they are designed to simulate perceptual experiences. In doing so, the individual...

Cette thèse étudie le statut du dessin dans l'œuvre de Sergueï M. Eisenstein, à partir de l’étude des rapports entre dessin et montage, entre dessin et mise en scène et de l’examen de la nature intermédiale de l’œuvre d’Eisenstein. Dans le système de ce réalisateur le dessin est au cœur de son processus créatif et devient un milieu-médium à l’intérieur duquel des transferts, passages, transportations de formes, d’images et d’idées sont possibles. Eisenstein s’intéresse au dessin, à la fois, comme processus et comme méthode visuelle universelle de la créativité.On constate l’analogie entre la structure globale du film Ivan le Terrible et les axes essentiels de sa réflexion théorique, en particulier les principes de sa méthode créatrice (la pars pro toto, le MLB, la plasmaticité et le montage). Subordonnée à une architectonique spatio-temporelle rigoureuse, la structure du film est en même temps une structure ouverte, vivante en évolution perpétuelle, et cela tant à l’étape de sa conception qu’au niveau de sa perception et de sa post-analyse.Les analyses conduites dans cette thèse sur la production graphique d’Eisenstein, et à partir de celles-ci sur l’ensemble de ces travaux et de ces concepts, démontrent clairement la corrélation entre la structure de l’œuvre d’Eisenstein, en particulier pour celle du film Ivan le Terrible, et le fondement de son processus de pensée créative, processus qui traduit son propre rythme intérieur et la structure de sa conscience, les deux donnant l’impulsion à son expression artistique. Le dessin devient pour Eisenstein le milieu de réflexion sur lequel il s’appuie pour exposer la problématique du médium, mais aussi celle de l’histoire du cinéma en son lien avec l’histoire des médiums expressifs. Les dessins préparatoires constituent le médium visuel d’élaboration, de vérification et de mise en pratique de ses concepts théoriques dans une situation réelle de création de film.Eisenstein a ainsi constitué, à travers ce projet transversal et intermédial du film, un dispositif sphérique d’écriture de la méthode et de l’histoire générale du cinéma, en réalisant ainsi un modèle du « livre sphérique ». / This thesis studies the status of drawing in the work of Sergei M. Eisenstein, based on the study of the relationship between drawing and montage, between drawing and staging and the examination of the intermedial nature of Eisenstein’s work. In the system of this film director, the drawing is at the heart of his creative process and becomes an environment-medium in which transfers, passages, transportations of shapes, images and ideas are made possible. Eisenstein is interested in drawing, both as a process and as a universal visual method of creativity. An analogy exists between the overall structure of the film Ivan the Terrible and the essential axes of his theoretical reflection, in particular the principles of his creative method (pars pro toto, MLB, plasmaticity and montage). Subordinated to a rigorous spatial and temporal architectonics, the structure of the film is at the same time an open, living structure, in perpetual evolution, this as much at the stage of its conception as at the level of its perception and its post-analysis.The analyzes led in this thesis on the graphic production of Eisenstein, and from them on all his works and concepts, clearly demonstrate the correlation between the structure of the work of Eisenstein, and in particular that of the film Ivan the Terrible, and the foundation of his creative thought process, a process that reflects his own inner rhythm and the structure of his consciousness, both giving an impetus to his artistic expression. Drawing becomes for Eisenstein the medium of reflection on which he relies to develop the problematic of the medium, but also the one of history of cinema in its connection with the history of expressive mediums. The preparatory drawings constitute the visual medium of elaboration, verification and putting into practice of his theoretical concepts in a real situation of film creation.Eisenstein thus constituted, through this transversal and intermedial film project, a spherical system of writing of the method and the general history of the cinema, thus realizing the model of the "spherical book".

Tesis

The title of the diploma thesis: Fairy Tale Themed Ballet Music in the 19th and 20th Century Focused on the Works of P. I. Tchaikovsky and S. Prokofiev This diploma thesis deals with fairy tale motifs in ballet music of the 19th and 20th century. It focuses mainly on fairy tale ballets of Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Prokofiev. The first chapter deals with fairy tale themes in ballet on a more general level and advances to the concrete inclusion of these themes in the socio- historical context of the 19th and 20th century. The second chapter briefly deals with the development of ballet from its beginnings in the 15th century to the 18th century. This chapter chronologically describes important periods and events concerning ballet. The next chapter deals with ballet of the Romantic period and music of the 19th century in France and Denmark. Chapter four and five present the prominent ballets of Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, namely Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker. Furthermore, this thesis focuses on ballet of the 20th century, those of Igor Stravinsky and mainly Sergei Prokofiev. Most of these ballets were created in cooperation with the patron of arts Sergei Diaghilev. The last part offers various activities that can be used in music lessons. KEYWORDS fairy tale motives, ballet...