Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristine Eliane Gomes Rodrigues.pdf: 248923 bytes, checksum: 0f2e18a14496907b79cd280de11c5c53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-02 / Aim: Evaluating the time and problems met at resuming sexual intercourse after childbirth concerning women in Pelotas. Outlinig: Prospective Cohort Study. Sampling: Women who had their children at maternity hospitals in Pelotas, from September of 2002 to November of 2003. Population: From 2,741 parturients at perinatal period one obtained a random sample of 920 women on their 180 days after childbirth. Methods: Uni and multivaried analyses were performed and only those variables with a p<0.05 were considered as associated to the outcome with a significant statistically way. Prime Measures: Prevalence reason with a confidence interval. Results: The difficulty prevalence at resuming sexual intercourse was 25.5%, and 80% of the women resumed sexual intercourse on the first six months after deliverance. The main cause for not having sexual intercourse was for the woman not having a mate (63%); other causes were the lack of desire or time. The primiparas and women with a health problem on the prenatal or postnatal presented a higher prevalence difficulty: pelvic pains, insecurity and lack of desire. Conclusion: One found a high prevalence difficulty upon resuming sexual intercourse after deliverance. This was a study performed in a city at the south of Brazil, and that is why the findings are contextualized to the education and to the habits of these women. It is appropriate to highlight here the relevance 55 towards the need of an orientation at the prenatal, in order to soften or avoid problems which are prone to a resolution. / Objetivo: Avaliar o tempo e os problemas encontrados na retomada da atividade sexual após o parto nas mulheres de Pelotas. Delineamento: Estudo de Coorte prospectivo. Amostragem: Mulheres que tiveram seus filhos nas maternidades de Pelotas de setembro de 2002 a novembro de 2003. População: De 2741 parturientes no período perinatal, obteve-se uma amostra aleatória de 920 mulheres aos 180 dias após o nascimento. Métodos: Realizadas análise uni e multivariada e somente as variáveis com p<0,05 foram consideradas associadas ao desfecho de forma estatisticamente significativa. Principais medidas: Razão de prevalência com intervalo de confiança. Resultados: A prevalência de dificuldade no retorno à atividade sexual foi de 25,5% e 80% das mulheres retomaram a vida sexual nos primeiros dois meses após o parto. O principal motivo para não ter relação sexual foi o fato de a mulher não ter companheiro (63%); as demais causas foram a falta de vontade ou de tempo. As primigestas e as mulheres com problemas de saúde no pré ou no pós-natal, apresentaram uma prevalência mais elevada de dificuldades: dores pélvicas, insegurança ou medo e falta de desejo. Conclusão: Encontrou-se uma alta prevalência de dificuldades em retomar as atividades sexuais após o nascimento. Foi um estudo realizado numa cidade do sul do Brasil e, por isso, os achados estão contextualizados à cultura e aos hábitos destas mulheres. Cabe ressaltar a relevância da necessidade de 38 orientação no pré-natal, para amenizar ou evitar problemas passíveis de resolução

Sexual activity among unmarried adolescents is a major public health problem in Nigeria, because unmarried pregnant girls are more likely to have multiple sex partners and are less likely to use contraceptives, putting them at greater risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), unplanned pregnancy, abortion, social isolation, and poverty. Teen pregnancy and STD rates are on the rise in Nigeria, yet few data exist on the experience of the adolescents themselves. This phenomenological study was designed to explore the in-depth experiences of 10 pregnant, unmarried adolescent girls aged 16-19, including the factors contributing to their sexual activity. An ecological model served as the conceptual framework to permit individual experiences to be understood in their social and ecological context. Semistructured interviews and Hycner's method of analysis were used to collect and analyze the data. Results showed that the decision to initiate sexual activity among these girls was influenced by many factors, including: the need for financial support and a socially condoned system of "sugar daddies" who support girls in return for sex; peer pressure to have a sex partner; a romantic knowledge of sexual behavior based primarily on the mass media; and inadequate sex education. As a result of their pregnancy, the girls experienced negative reactions from their families and community, and serious psychological and financial concerns about their prospects for future marriage and their child's identity. A comprehensive community-based reproductive health program is called for, with reliable sex education, cooperation from the mass media, and support from family and community members. The social change implication of this study is to potentially lead to a decrease in unplanned pregnancy, STDs, social isolation, and poverty among adolescent girls in Nigeria.

Sexual health is an important component to overall well-being and quality of life. Yet so much of sexual health research is focused solely on the negative consequences of sexuality, such as unintended pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Recently, the need for a positive, health promotion focused framework for research and understanding sexual health has received attention, including from the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This transition of public health research and practice from a disease-based framework to a positive, health promotion framework necessitates exploring what factors are associated with positive sexuality and how it is experienced. This study contributed to fulfilling this need. This study focused on healthy sexuality in young college women. Specifically, this study sought to explore what young women find sexually satisfying in different types of sexual relationships (e.g., casual and committed partners). Next, this study identified variables that are important to the healthy sexuality of young college women, including sexual self-concept, communication with sexual partners, sexual satisfaction, and condom use. Lastly, this study aimed to understand the statistical relationship between these variables. This was a two-phase mixed methods study. Phase one consisted of thirty face to face individual interviews with college women aged 18-25 years, and took place in the fall semester of 2011 and the spring semester 2012 at a large public urban university located in the southeastern United States. Phase two took place in the spring semester 2012 and consisted of an online quantitative survey measuring sexual self-concept, communication with partners, sexual satisfaction and condom use. Analyses for the quantitative data included bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling. Qualitative results indicated that these young college women experienced sexual satisfaction with both committed and casual sexual partners, although they identified different reasons why each type of partnership was satisfying. Specifically, the emotional connection and comfort felt with committed relationship partners made sex satisfaction. With more casual or uncommitted partners, these women identified the benefits of maintaining their freedom and not having an obligation to another person. These young women shared their thoughts on how sex could be more satisfying for women and they indicated that communicating sexual desires and needs to partners as one of the most important factors. The quantitative portion of this study found that sexual self-concept was directly positively associated with communication with sexual partners (B=1.45, 95% CI=1.05 1.84, beta=.72), and directly positively related to sexual satisfaction (B=.49, 95% CI= .70, 2.35, beta=.49). Communication with partners was associated with lower discrepancies between wanted and experienced sexual activities (B=-3.96, 95% CI=-4.96, -2.95, beta=-.41). For respondents reporting on committed partnerships, communication with partners was directly related to higher sexual satisfaction (B=.74, 95% CI=.17, 1.32, beta=.43). For those reporting on casual sexual partners, communication was related to sexual satisfaction only through lower sexual activity discrepancy scores (B=.07, 95% CI=.01, .13, beta=.04). Overall the findings from this study suggest that communicating with casual sexual partners impacts sexual satisfaction partially through decreasing the discrepancies between wanted and experienced sexual activities. However, for committed partners, discrepancies were not significantly related to sexual satisfaction, directly or indirectly, although communication was directly associated with sexual satisfaction. This suggests that communication is impacting sexual satisfaction through a different mechanism for committed partners than casual partners. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the positive sexuality literature, which is currently still in its infancy. This study has implications for public health practice in the improvement of health promotion/sex education programs. This study identified sexual self-concept and communication between partners as important factors for achieving authentic sexual experiences. The implications of this study for public health research include the identification of variables important to understanding women's experience of positive sexuality. Specifically, this study found sexual self-concept to be important to communication and sexual satisfaction, and identified communication as important for both risk reduction (e.g., condom use) and sexual health promotion (e.g., sexual satisfaction).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cicero.pdf: 4943185 bytes, checksum: 20ac7507d52c9b76db7b7578f40e90c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study was divided into three different researches, whose goals were: 1) Assess the level of orientation given by patients about sexual activity after infarction, 2) assess the level of knowledge, comfort and approach of the cardiologist about the sexual activity of their patients, and 3) investigate the relationship between physical fitness and sexual desire, satisfaction and sexual frequency in patients with coronary artery disease. The first study involved 58 patients through an interview about information received from health staff during hospitalization or ambulatory care. In the second, 108 cardiologists responded to a questionnaire anonymous and self-responsive with questions relating to knowledge, comfort and forward approach in situations that involve sexual activity. The third study involved 84 male subjects, 42 with coronary disease and 42 group control. For the Statistical analysis was used frequency, descriptive statistics, chi-square test for categorical variables, t test for independent samples, Spearman Correlation Test. In study One, the data revealed that patients are poorly oriented about sexual life aspects and this misinformation creates fear and anxiety, making difficult to return to full sexual activity. Women are rarely oriented and men discuss this issue further because them starts the conversation with doctors. The second study showed the difficulty of cardiologists broach the subject, and comfort levels are lower when the patient is the opposite sex. Physicians with higher academic degrees discuss the theme further. The third study showed that sexual satisfaction in patients with CHD tends to be lower than men without arterial disease. These patients have more episodes of angina during coitus and difficulty in erection and ejaculation. However, as the physical capacity increases in this group, also increases the overall satisfaction with sexual life, which in turn correlates with higher frequency and sexual satisfaction. These data demonstrate the importance of discussing the subject-matter sexuality with patients with CAD and to encourage physical exercise to return the quality of previous sexual life. / O presente estudo foi dividido em três pesquisas distintas, cujos objetivos foram: 1) Avaliar o nível de orientação recebida pelos pacientes sobre atividade sexual após o infarto; 2) avaliar o nível de conhecimento, conforto e abordagem do cardiologista a respeito da atividade sexual de seus pacientes, e; 3) Verificar a relação entre capacidade física e desejo, satisfação e freqüência sexual em portadores de coronariopatia. No primeiro estudo, participaram 58 pacientes através de entrevista sobre as informações recebidas da equipe de saúde durante a internação ou no atendimento ambulatorial. No segundo, 108 médicos cardiologistas responderam a um questionário anônimo e autoresponsivo, com questões referentes a conhecimento, conforto e abordagem frente às situações que envolvem atividade sexual. No terceiro estudo participaram 84 sujeitos do sexo masculino, 42 com doença coronariana e 42 do grupo controle. Para análise estatística foi utilizada freqüência, estatística descritiva, qui-quadrado para cariáveis categóricas, Teste t para amostras independentes, Teste de Correlação de Spearmann. No estudo 1, os dados revelaram que os pacientes são pouco orientados nos aspectos da vida sexual e que essa desinformação gera medo e ansiedade, dificultando o retorno pleno às atividades sexuais. As mulheres dificilmente são orientadas e os homens discutem mais o assunto porque iniciam a conversa com seus médicos. O segundo estudo mostrou a dificuldade dos cardiologistas em abordar o assunto, e os níveis de conforto são menores quando o paciente é do sexo oposto ao seu. Médicos com maior titulação acadêmica abordam mais o assunto. O terceiro estudo mostrou que a satisfação sexual em portadores de DAC tende a ser menor que a de homens sem doença arterial. Estes pacientes apresentam mais episódios de angina no coito e dificuldades na ereção e ejaculação. Porém, à medida que a capacidade física aumenta nesse grupo, aumenta também a satisfação geral com a vida sexual, que por sua vez correlaciona-se com maior freqüência e satisfação sexuais. Tais dados revelam a importância de se discutir o assunto sexualidade com o paciente com DAC e de se estimular a praticar exercícios físicos para retornar a qualidade da vida sexual prévia.

This study described sexual behaviours among adolescents living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Zimbabwe. This study utilised a quantitative descriptive design. Data was collected using structured questionnaires from 341 adolescents living with HIV. Findings revealed that some adolescents were sexually active and had early onset of sexual activity (before their sixteenth birthday). A good proportion of sexually active adolescents were noted not to practise safer sex and the main reason was condom inaccessibility and some had multiple sex partners. Factors independently associated with being sexually active included exposure to erotic content on television programmes, having a psychiatric diagnosis, discussions of sexuality with health worker and older age. Adolescents` behaviours living with HIV and the issue of availability of condoms may play a part in the spread of HIV. More discussions and research on sexuality of adolescents are recommended / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

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The aim of this study was to investigate sexual activity as well as contraceptive knowledge and use among termination of pregnancy (TOP) clients at Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital’s TOP clinic in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). This was a non-experimental quantitative study in the form of a cross sectional study. Self-administered questionnaires were used for collecting data from 61 respondents selected non-randomly. The majority of the respondents were single young women between 18 and 27 years of age. Sexual intercourse frequency was mostly once a month (91.8%). Most were unemployed and dependent on government grants and had heard of both contraception in general and emergency contraception. Only 44 (78.6%) had used contraceptives before and the most frequently used method of contraception was the injection (36.6%). Despite the respondents having heard of contraception, the median score of the knowledge of contraception was only 16%. The distribution of knowledge was very wide, but on the whole the level of knowledge of contraception was very low / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Approfondir les connaissances sur l'évolution et les facteurs associés aux comportements sexuels chez les PVVIH exposées aux traitements antirétroviraux en Afrique subsaharienne. Données collectées dans le cadre d'un essai randomisé conduit dans neuf hôpitaux de district ruraux au Cameroun. 459 PVVIH éligibles au traitement inclus et suivis sur 24 mois. Régression logistique à effets mixtes utilisée pour analyser les facteurs associés aux différentes variables réponses étudiées.La proportion des patients sexuellement actifs augmente de 32% à l'inclusion à 56% après 24 mois de traitement. Une augmentation supplémentaire du temps depuis l'initiation du traitement de 6 mois augmente de 30% de la probabilité de déclarer une activité sexuelle sous ARV. Proportion des patients ayant des comportements sexuels à risque (CSR) baisse significativement de 76% à l'inclusion à 66% au 24e mois, les patients obervants au traitement étaient moins susceptibles de rapporter les CSR. La proportion des patients susceptibles de transmettre le VIH par voie sexuelle (STVIH) baisse de 76% à l'inclusion à 27% après 24 mois de traitement ARV. Une augmentation du temps depuis l'initiation du traitement de 6 mois réduit de 66% la STVIH. Mes travaux montrent un impact positif des ARV sur l'activité sexuelle des PVVIH, les CSR et la STVIH, suggérant un effet positif de l'exposition des PVVIH aux traitements ARV sur la prévention de la transmission sexuelle du VIH. Mais, le risque potentiel de transmission du VIH persiste nécessitant le renforcement des interventions de réduction des risques dans les programmes d'accès aux ARV. / To evaluate the evolution and factors associated with sexual behavior among PLWHA exposed to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. Data collected as part of a randomized trial conducted in nine rural district hospitals in Cameroon. 459 PLWHA eligible for treatment included and followed for 24 months. Mixed effects logistic regression used to analyze factors associated with different response variables studied. Proportion of patients sexually active increased from 32% at baseline to 56% after 24 months of treatment. An additional 6 months increase of the time since initiation of treatment increase in 30% the probability of reporting sexual activity. Proportion of patients with sexual risk behavior (SRB) decreased significantly from 76% at baseline to 66% at 24 months and patient obervants to treatment were less likely to report CSR. Proportion of patients likely to transmit HIV through sexual intercourse (STVIH) decrease from 76% at baseline to 27% after 24 months of HAART. Analyses shown that increasing in 6 months of time since initiation of treatment reduced STVIH by 66%. My dissertation show a positive impact of ART on sexual activity, CSR and STVIH among PLWHA, suggesting a positive effect of exposure to HAART on the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV. However, the potential risk of transmission of HIV persists requiring strengthening risk reduction interventions in HAART access programs.

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