Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcia Caceres Dias Yokoyama.pdf: 787524 bytes, checksum: e05abda79ee5e37b0856957f755a777d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The modern Criminal Lawsuit has the remarkable characteristic of looking at the imputed person as someone who has rights, to privilege the biggest principle of the human being, conquered gradually. To start from the comprehension of the basis of the right to the silence, campared to the guided principle of the Democratic State of Right, emanates the logical of the doctrinal, the Legislator and the applicator of right to get together in order to give an exact application to the institute and its correspondings. The interrogation of an accused in a penal lawsuit, chance for him to be heard by the authority to present his version of the facts and to exercise his right of self-defense, since the old times, has changed a lot in its penal lawsuit system according to the ideological-social-cultural mentality of the historical moment. But the evolution of Science and Philosophy made new methods of investigation to come out. The accused started to be seen not as an evidence object but as someone who had rights. The right to remain silent started to be accepted as assurance of privacy and mainly as deduction of the principle against the self-incrimination. The study of principles which honor the right of being silent and its reflexes, and also of the investigation, makes evident the need of a discussion around the subject. It happens through the right of information, the supposed innocence, the contradiction, the wide defense, the prohibition of illicit evidences. The right to remain silent extends to all inquired person at the moment of his prision and in another case, by public officers, and also in the police investigation phase, in the instruction of the penal lawsuit and of parliamentary and administrative procedures, even when he is the witness or concerning to self-incriminative facts. So, it works in every moment that the inquired individual finds himself in front of answers which can harm him. It s a subjective public right that prevents disadvantageous interpretations against the one who is remaining silent. For its full exercise, it is necessary the information of this right to the titular and its extension as an exercise of free and aware will. The right of not being obliged to prove against himself permits to the accused not to help in producing evidences, translation of the right to preserve the privacy and inertness and specially the imputed person s spontaneous acts. And this work treats all this complexity in a unpretentious way / O moderno direito processual penal tem a destacada característica de avistar o imputado como sujeito de direitos a privilegiar o princípio maior da dignidade da pessoa humana, conquistado paulatinamente. A partir da compreensão do fundamento da garantia do direito ao silêncio, em cotejo com os princípios norteadores do Estado Democrático de Direito, emana a lógica da consonância do doutrinador, legislador e operador do direito de unirem-se para dar uma exata aplicação ao instituto com suas vertentes. O interrogatório do acusado no processo penal, oportunidade em que será ouvido pela autoridade para apresentar sua versão dos fatos e exercer seu direito de autodefesa, desde os tempos remotos, sofreu grandes alterações na sistemática processual de acordo com a mentalidade ideológico-social-cultural do momento histórico. Mas a evolução da ciência fez surgir novos métodos de investigação. O acusado passou a ser visto não como objeto da prova, mas como sujeito de direitos. O direito de silenciar passou a ser aceito como garantia da intimidade e, principalmente, como corolário do princípio contra a autoincriminação. O estudo dos princípios que prestigiam o direito ao silêncio e seus reflexos, bem como do interrogatório, evidencia a necessidade de debater o tema. Realiza-se através do direito à informação, da presunção de inocência, do contraditório, da ampla defesa, da proibição de provas ilícitas. O direito ao silêncio estende-se a toda pessoa questionada no momento da sua prisão e fora desta, por agentes públicos, bem assim na fase investigativa policial, na instrução do processo penal e dos procedimentos parlamentares e administrativos, mesmo quando estiver na qualidade de testemunha quanto a fatos auto-incriminatórios. Cabe em todo momento em que o indivíduo perquirido vê-se diante de respostas que possam prejudicá-lo. Trata-se de direito público subjetivo impeditivo da interpretação desfavorável contra aquele que silencia. Para seu pleno exercício, faz-se necessária a informação tanto deste direito ao titular como da amplitude de seu alcance como exercício da vontade livre e consciente, para que possa ser exercido plenamente. O direito de não ser obrigado a fazer prova contra si permite ao imputado não colaborar na produção da prova, tradução do exercício do direito de preservação da intimidade e inércia e, sobretudo, do agir espontâneo do imputado. É essa a complexidade tratada no presente trabalho

O grande grupo heterogêneo de neuropatias periféricas hereditárias estão entre os casos mais comuns de perda sensitiva e fraqueza muscular em crianças e adolescentes. Pelo menos 84 genes estão envolvidos com neuropatias sensitivo-motoras hereditárias (NSMH), sendo suas formas de herança mais comuns as autossômico-dominantes desmielinizante e axonal e as neuropatias ligadas ao cromossomo X, e as mais raras as autossômicorecessivas desmielinizante e axonal e as formas ainda não classificadas. O gene HINT1, possuinte de 3 exons e localizado no cromossomo 5, codifica a proteína Histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1, uma variante transcricional (mRNA) regulatória que hidroliza substratos. Recentemente mutações em HINT1 foram também relacionadas à neuropatias axonais com neuromiotonia (ARCMT2-NM), e portanto à CMT. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o screening mutacional do gene HINT1 em uma amostra da população brasileira com quadro clínico de CMT recessivo (CMT2-AR), e foram encontradas 1 mutação silenciosa já previamente descrita, 1 polimorfismo exônico e 1 polimorfismo intrônico, também já conhecidos. Concluiu-se que mutações no gene HINT1 não são portanto responsáveis pela CMT-AR nesta amostra da população brasileira. / The large heterogeneous group of inherited peripheral neuropathies are among the most common causes of sensory loss and muscle weakness in children and adolescents. At least 84 genes are involved in inherited sensorymotor neuropathies (NSMH), being the demyelinating and axonal autosomaldominant and the X-linked neuropathies their most common forms of inheritance, and the demyelinating and axonal autosomal-recessive and not yet classified forms the most rare ones. The HINT1 gene, with 3 exons and located on chromosome 5, encodes the protein Histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1, a regulatory transcriptional variant (mRNA) that hydrolyzes substrates. Recently, mutations in HINT1 were also related to axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARCMT2-NM), and therefore to CMT. The objective of this study was the mutational screening of the HINT1 gene in a sample of the Brazilian population with clinical recessive CMT (CMT2-AR), and 1 silent mutation previously described, 1 intronic polymorphism and 1 exonic polymorphism, both also known, were founded. It was then concluded that mutations in the HINT1 gene are not responsible for CMT2-AR in this particular sample of the Brazilian population.

No description available.

This thesis reports the investigation of spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy (RS) for its applicability in early drug discovery. A key focus has been to develop an understanding of the applicability of RS for the quantification and localisation of compound concentration inside mammalian cells. Further investigation into the use of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) for research on Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and Leishmania donovani as well as investigating applicability for cancer research are decisive parts of this work. The key work described in this thesis is the investigation of whole cell concentration of compounds inside THP-1 and Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells. For true quantification the Cell Silent Region (CSR) is used to measure without interference from cellular background signal. The model compound is erlotinib, an anti-cancer drug with an alkyne group expressing a peak in the CSR. The developed RS system is calibrated using the current gold standard technique Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). However, because of the single cell nature of the RS information on inter cell variability can be extracted. The RS measurements suggest that there is a large variation of concentration within single cell populations. The RS measurements can therefore give insight in single cell behaviour within a large cell population. Findings shows that washing cycles, before fixation, alter the intra-cellular concentrations significantly. This is hypothesised to be caused by the sudden change in concentration on the outside of the cell that applies an osmotic pressure, leading to loss of substance from inside the cell wall. Localisation of erlotinib is shown within THP-1 cells and points towards an accumulation inside the cell nucleus. Later, internalised Au nano-particles in the range of 30 nm to 80 nm have been investigated for their enhancement effects and localisation inside THP-1 cells. Au nano-particles are found to be internalised easily by differentiated THP-1 cells and accumulate in lysosomes. This allows for a high local enhancement of the spontaneous Raman signal. However, no advantage for the detection of lysosomally trapped compounds (chloroquine, chlorpromazine) was achieved. The detection of substances without a signal in the CSR was achieved without enhancement. Nonetheless, compounds with intrinsic peaks in the CSR could benefit from this enhancement. Lastly the RS system is explored for alternative uses in early drug discovery. This includes the detection of toxicity as well as the discrimination of cell types. Toxicity has been detected using optically trapped THP-1 cells and doxorubicin. Utilising Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) on these measured spectra, allowed for a clear discrimination of toxically influenced from healthy cells. Differences mainly show up in DNA content caused by the mode of action of doxorubicin and caused by the trapping, which generates most of the signal within the nucleus of the cell. Discriminating cancerogenic (DU145) from healthy prostate cells (PNT2) has been achieved by probing fixed cells and evaluating the acquired Raman spectra with a PCA/LDA combination. The accuracy of separation of these cells when tested with a 10-fold cross-validation technique, is above 98 %, allowing a good discrimination.

Au début du vingtième siècle, un nouveau média à la mesure de l’Amérique voit le jour : le cinéma. Forme d’expression visuelle nouvelle, divertissement populaire égalitaire, véhicule privilégié du modèle américain dans le pays et à l’étranger, le cinéma s’affirme, dès ses premières années d’existence, comme un acteur majeur de l’américanisation du monde. Un de ses thèmes de prédilections est l’espace américain, et par extension ses paysages, qui ravit et fascine les spectateurs d’un bout à l’autre de la planète. Les mises en scène du territoire national et de sa géographie spécifique sont complexes car elles intègrent des éléments réalistes et une dimension imaginaire. Cette représentation polymorphe des États-Unis permet de promouvoir les valeurs américaines dans une société internationale moderne, transformée par l’essor de l’urbanisation et de l’industrialisation. L’Amérique filmique, élaborée par l’industrie cinématographique des premières décennies, offre des repères à un spectateur quelque peu perdu dans le nouvel ordre du monde se dessinant alors. / At the dawn of the twentieth century, a new media, in tune with American goals, was born: the motion pictures. It was a new kind of visual expression, an egalitarian form of popular entertainment and the best vehicle to convey the American way of life in the US and abroad. Therefore, cinema became, from its inception, a key participant in the Americanization of the world. One of its favorite topics was American space and its landscapes, which pleased and amazed movie-goers around the world. The way in which national territory and its specific geography were staged in films was complex because it intertwined realistic elements and a mythical dimension. That kaleidoscopic representation of the United States enabled the promotion of American values in a modern international society, transformed by the rise of urbanization and industrialization. Cinematic America, as it was created by the early motion pictures industry, offered landmarks to the spectator, somewhat lost in the emerging new world order.

Does voluntary reading matter? While there is much known about the benefits to children who engage in sustained silent reading, commercial reading programs implemented as a result of No Child Left Behind often displace time for children to silently read (NCLB, 2002). An increase in the amount of time children spend with a commercial reading program has meant a decrease in time provided for in-school voluntary reading during the elementary literacy block (Brenner & Hiebert, 2010). This quantitative study used the 2011 restricted-use National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) data to determine whether opportunities provided to children for in-school voluntary reading impacted fourth-grade students' achievement levels. The study also considered whether there were differences in the amount of time provided for in-school voluntary reading and choice in reading material to children of differing income levels and ethnic backgrounds. Contingency tables and a multiple linear regression model were used to find associations between achievement data and questionnaire responses. Findings concluded that children who qualified to participate in the National School Lunch Program, as well as Black, Hispanic, and Native American children, have fewer opportunities to silently read, and choose their own books during the school day. For most children, there was a positive relationship between time and choice in reading at school with achievement scores. Black, Hispanic, and Native American children experienced a commercial reading program at a higher rate than their white and Asian peers; there were no detected differences in reading program structure based on economic affluence. The discussion includes consideration of time to silent read at school and choice in reading material as a part of an "opportunity gap" (Darling-Hammond, 2013) that causes disparities in the quality of education provided to children from different backgrounds, and which could also be a factor to the larger achievement gap. Policy implications are discussed.

「無語良師」是一群已往生者用身體教育醫學院學生的故事。這群慈濟大學醫學院的遺體捐贈者，在生前即自願將遺體作為醫學院學生解剖課程之用，為了能夠完成捐贈，大多數的老師於生命最後都放棄積極性的治療。而學生們不僅要造訪捐者家人，為其立傳，每次課程前也必須向遺體敬禮問訊，並於期末課程結束後，縫合遺體為其穿衣、送靈。其解剖課程兼具醫學與人文，為現代醫學教育中少有之課程模式，這群捐贈者在慈濟大學即稱為「無語良師」或「大體老師」。 2005年筆者應工作之需製作其紀錄片，在記錄過程中，蒐集各方資料並持續進行拍攝，在素材漸豐之際，數位敘事產製內容之產製概念方興未艾，特別是以網站的形式或互動式DVD，發揮其非線性敘事之特色並強化使用者之互動性，此為內容產製者提供一個不同於以往線性傳播之新的溝通平台。 數位內容具有「數值化的再現」（numerical representation）、「模組化」（modularity）、「自動化」（automation）、「變異性╱液態化」（variability / liquidity）與「轉碼化」（transcoding）（Manovich，2001）之特性，並以其「非線性」與「節點」等之敘事模式創造互動與多元對話的可能。本研究將爬梳數位互動敘事之原理，並以「無語良師」紀錄片之素材作為原料，以實驗性質，嘗試將原線性敘事之故事轉化為數位互動內容作品。 / The Silent Mentor” tells the stories of the body donators who contributed their cadavers to teach the medical students the way to respect and cherish human body. The body donators of the Medical School of Tzu Chi University signed the will to give up any progressive treatment so that they may donate the bodies to the students to carry out surgery practices. Before the students practice dissection they are urged to visit donator’s family and write the life stories of donators, so that students may come to know that they are not dissecting a cadaver but an altruistic spirit and a giving soul. Students bow to the silent mentor every time before practicing dissection. At the end of the practices, students will stitch the body of silent mentor inch to inch, to insure that the body has been reinstated. Aftermath, students put clothes on silent mentors and participate their memorial ceremonies to express their deep gratitude and farewell to silent mentors. The program of dissection that combines both medical knowledge and humanity has been the paradigm of modern medical education. The body donators thus, named as “The Silent Mentor”. At the time I am producing a documentary on this extraordinary story for Da Ai TV Station, I extensively gather relative data and conduct interviews on this subject. Before I go for editing, the digital narration increasingly becomes an alternative trend of new media technology. It is especially true that the Internet interactive format and interactive DVD have developed the nonlinear narrative advantage and thus, provide an accessible platform for the viewers to mutually interact with the content providers. Digital content accommodates the characteristics of numerical representation, modularity, automation, variability / liquidity, and transcoding, furthermore, via the nonlinear and plots, it provides the accessibility of multiple and interactive dialogues. My research will aim to delve and develop the principles and techniques of digital interactive narration. Then the documentary of “The Silent Mentor” will be my illustration, from which, I am going to experimentally develop a model describing how would the traditional linear narrative element, which “The Silent Mentor” should be carried, transform into nonlinear digital interactive narrative model.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2009 Jun 15

Sandstedt, Thomas (2013) – On Recruitment in Academia in the Cases of Department Heads and Research Students   This thesis study how academic and scientific culture act and handle the balance between different interests, demands and preferences and what is considered central and valuable in the leading and managing within universities in Sweden. These are set against each other whenever department heads and research students are to be recruited.  Questions are asked whether procedures come into play when recruiting heads of department, and whether the final choice is determined by regulations and/or academic norms. There has only been marginal research in the field. The recruitment of department heads has not been statutory since 1993, while admission to research studies is regulated in detail.  The study was implemented before the autonomy reform of 2011. Central and local regulatory systems between 1993 and 2011 form the juridical framework of the study.       My frame of reference is a New Institutional Theory approach together with studies of the environment, history and traditions of academia.  The basis of the studied context is the scholarly community of academics.  Demands from government and parliament as expressed in regulatory systems, general guidelines, funding, policies and letters of regulation have also been taken into account within the reference frame.  The empirical material consists of interviews with professors including associate professors conducted in seven universities and eight departments between 2007 and 2009. The results show that there are certain rules of the game that are applied when department heads and research students are being recruited, which give an indication of what is considered valuable for internal management within Swedish universities. The recruitment processes are informal, collegial and institutionalized. When department heads are recruited all colleagues have the possibility to participate, whereas when research students are recruited the group involved is more limited.  In the latter case it is financing as well as the role of the supervisor that seem to play the crucial role in finding the most suitable doctoral student. Internal criteria are reformulated into rules of the game by colleagues and the process is situation-bound. These rules are based on collegial and scholarly interests, demands, norms, traditions and values. Informal criteria offer the opportunity for flexibility and situational adaptation when departments choose their head. These criteria contribute to limiting the number of candidates, which may make it difficult to find the right person. The students admitted to research education are expected to be able to profit by such education and to possess a scientific attitude. These requirements may vary from one admission to another, and the impression is that the circle of potential research students is limited.

本論文以印度奧修大師( Osho Rajneesh )針對現代人生活方式所設計的「動態靜心」修練為對象，探討現代人實踐莫克夏( moksha )身心體驗之成效性與可行性。本文從印度經典《薄伽梵歌》來討論莫克夏的概念，試圖歸納出達到莫克夏的歷程，並指出莫克夏背後的印度解脫思想。本研究並以親身體驗的方式探討奧修動態靜心是否有助於體驗《薄伽梵歌》中所描述之moksha。 筆者獨自前往印度進行為期七日之「動態靜心禁語閉關」，並藉由自我民族誌研究法( auto-ethnography )呈現筆者意識轉化的歷程及莫克夏之身心體驗對於日常生活的轉變與影響。筆者透過自身的參與，來企圖了解自我意識於該活動之中的變化，討論靜心活動中所體驗到的身心轉化經驗，以及回歸日常生活之後的影響。 / This research probes into the effectiveness and feasibility of experiencing “moksha” through practicing the “Dynamic Meditations” originally designed by Osho Rajneesh. Through the exploration of “Bhagavad Gita”, one is able to understand the process of realizing moksha and the viewpoints of the ancient Indian wisdom of liberation. A self-experience approach is used in this study to better understand whether the dynamic meditations help to experience moksha depicted in “Bhagavad Gita” . This research uses auto-ethnography to explore the process of the transformation of my consciousness through a seven-day silent dynamic meditation retreat in Pune India. I try to understand the changes of my consciousness through my actual participation, analyzing the transformation of the body-mind experiences and the effects on my everyday life.