Optical parametric frequency conversion based on quasi phase matching (QPM) in nonlinear optical crystals is a powerful technique for generating coherent radiation in wavelength ranges spanning from the mid-infrared (mid-IR) to the blue, displaying low thermal load and high efficiency.This thesis shows how QPM in one- (1D) or two-dimensional (2D) lattices can be employed to engineer novel devices for parametric downconversion in the IR, af-fording freedom in designing both spectral and angular properties of the parametric output. Experimental demonstrations of parametric devices are supported by theoreti-cal modelling of the nonlinear conversion processes.In particular, broadband parametric downconversion has been investigated in 1D QPM lattices, through degenerate downconversion close to the point of zero group-velocity dispersion. Ultra-broadband optical parametric generation (OPG) of 185 THz bandwidth (at 10 dB), spanning more than one octave from 1.1 to 3.7 μm, has been achieved in periodically poled 1 mol% MgO-doped near-stoichiometric LiTaO3 (MgSLT) of 25 μm QPM period, pumped at 860 nm. Such broadband gain is of high interest for ultrashort optical pulse amplification, with applications in high harmonic generation, ultrafast spectroscopy and laser ablation. Furthermore, the det-rimental impact of parasitic upconversion, creating dips in the OPG spectrum, has been investigated. By altering the pump pulse duration, energy can be backconverted to create peaks at the involved OPG wavelengths, offering a possible tool to enhance broadband parametric gain spectra.The engineering of the angular properties of a parametric output benefits greatly from 2D QPM, which is investigated in this thesis by the specific example of hexagonally poled MgSLT. It is demonstrated how two OPG processes, supported by a single 2D QPM device, can exhibit angularly and spectrally degenerate signals (idlers). This degeneracy results in a coherent coupling between the two OPG pro-cesses and a spectrally degenerate twin-beam output in the mid-IR (near IR). 2D QPM devices exhibiting such coherently coupled downconversion processes can find applications as compact sources of entangled photon-pairs. This thesis further illus-trates the design freedom of 2D QPM through the demonstration of a device support-ing multiple parametric processes, thus generating multiple beams from the mid-IR to the blue spectral regions. / <p>QC 20131204</p>

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo utilizar a abordagem dos modelos lineares generalizados e os modelos de dispersão no contexto do seguro agrícola. Os modelos lineares generalizados (MLG\'s) constituem uma extensão dos modelos lineares de regressão múltipla introduzida por Nelder e Wedderburn (1972), que inclui modelos cuja variável resposta pertence à família exponencial de distribuições. O MLG é formado por um componente aleatório, que possui distribuição pertencente à família exponencial, um componente sistemático, conectados por uma função de ligação. Jorgensen (1997) estende a utilização dos MLG para uma classe mais ampla de modelos probabilísticos, denominados modelos de dispersão. A estimação dos parâmetros foi baseada no método da máxima verossimilhança, e também, em função da amostra ser relativamente pequena, optou-se pelo método de bootstrap não-paramétrico. As duas abordagens foram aplicadas a dois conjuntos de dados de sinistros de 15 municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados mostraram que a precipitação acumulada tem influência na ocorrência de sinistros. Entretanto, na modelagem do montante do sinistro não foi encontrada nenhuma variável significativa. Usando o método de bootstrap, foi encontrada influência das variáveis precipitação acumulada e a temperatura média no numero de sinistros / The main objective of this work is to use the generalized linear models and dispersion models in the agricultural insurance context. The Generalized Linear Model (GLM) are an extension of the multiple regression linear models presented by Nelder e Wedderburn (1972). This approach include situations in which the response variable can be included in exponencial the family. The GLM is composed of a randomized component, a sistematic component and the link functions. JÁrgensen (1997) extend the application of the GLM for a more general class of probability models, called dispersion models. Both approaches were applied in two insurance datasets for 15 citys in Rio Grande do Sul. The parameters estimation was based in the maximum likelihood method, in addition, because of the relatively small sample, the non-parametric Bootstrap method was used. This study show, using GLM, that only the accumulated rainfall was statistically significant . However, any of the covariates was significant when modelling the amount of claims. In the analysis using Bootstrap method the accumulated rainfall and average temperature were significant when modelling the number of insurance clains.

AFRIKAANS:By die interpretasie van tekste moet die historiese en kultiese Sitze im Leben waarbinne hierdie tekste ontstaan en oorgelewer is in ag geneem word. Ou-Testamentiese tekste het elkeen ’n selfstandige betekenis wat nie van ander tekste afhanklik is om betekenis te kry nie. Hiervolgens handel die sogenaamde Koningspsalms (ook genoem messiaanse psalms) soos Psalm 45 en Psalm 110 inhoudelik oor ‘n Judese koning. Elke Dawidiese koning het as seun van God oor die volk Israel regeer. Hy was die verteenwoordiger van God se regering. Sy taak was om reg en geregtigheid te handhaaf. Elke koning was ‘n tipe verlossersfiguur. Deur die koning en die oorloë wat hy gevoer het, het Jahwe verlossing van hulle vyande, aan sy volk geskenk. As teken van sy gesag en sy besondere taak wat die koning van Jahwe ontvang het, is die Dawidiese koning met olie gesalf. Dit het van hom God se messias gemaak. In ooreenstemming met hulle Jebusitiese voorgangers was elke Dawidiese koning ‘n priester net soos Melgisedek, die koning van Salem. In hierdie Dawidiese dinastie van messiaanse priester-konings, was Israel se hoop gesetel. Die Ou Testament gee ‘n unieke betekenis aan die begrip messias. Hiervolgens is die sentrale figuur in Psalm 45 en 110 die aardse koning van Juda wat optree as Jahwe se messias. Met die Babiloniese ballingskap is die Dawidiese messias-dinastie verbreek. Nou is die messias-begrip na die toekoms geprojekteer sodat die verwagting van ‘n komende messias begin ontwikkel het. Die unieke betekenis wat die Ou Testament aan die messias-begrip gee, is op sy beurt deur die Nuwe Testament geherinterpreteer sodat dit op Jesus Christus dui. Daarom dat die Hebreërskrywer Psalms 45 en 110 herinterpreteer met betrekking tot Jesus Christus. Die Nuwe Testament is dus nie ’n sleutel tot die verstaan van Ou-Testamentiese tekste nie. ENGLISH: When texts are being interpreted, it is necessary to do so within their historic and cultic Sitze im Leben where they have originated and have been transmitted. Old Testament texts have their own unique meanings. Therefore it is not necessary to use other texts to give meaning to a specific text. According to this, the royal psalms such as Psalm 45 and Psalm 110 have a Judean king as its contents. The royal psalms are also messianic psalms. Every Davidic king ruled over his people as the son of God. He was the representative of God’s rule. His task was to uphold justice and righteousness. Every king was a type of redeemer. To his people God gave redemption from their enemies by the king and the holy wars he waged. As a sign of his authority and the fact that God chose him for a specific task, every Davidic king was anointed with oil. This made him the messiah of God. In co-ordinance with his Jebusite predecessors, every Davidic king also was a priest just as Melchizedek, the king of Salem, was. Upon this Davidic dynasty of messianic priest-kings, Israel’s hope as a nation rested. The Old Testament gives a unique significance to the concept of messiah. In this significancent context the central figure in Psalms 45 and 110 is the earthly king of Judea. As king, he is the messiah of Jahwe. With the Babylonian exile, the Davidic messiah-dynasty was ended. Now the concept of the messiah was futurised in such a way that the anticipation of a coming messiah was developed. In its turn the New Testament reinterprets the unique significance that the Old Testament gives to the concept of messiah as being fulfilled in Jesus Christ. This is why the writer of Hebrews reinterprets Psalm 45 and 110 as being fulfilled in Jesus Christ. The New Testament is therefore not the key to the interpretation of the Old Testament. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra verksamma pedagogers kunskaper kring vilka insatser som gynnar lässvaga elever i syfte att stärka deras chanser att nå en hållbar läsutveckling.  Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ metod med i huvudsak personliga intervjuer bestående av fem lärare och specialpedagoger. Fenomenografi har använts för att bearbeta insamlad data, där respondenternas uppfattningar har varit centrala. Resultatet har diskuterats mot tidigare forskning samt utifrån en sociokulturell och kognitivistisk syn på lärande. Studiens resultat presenteras i rubriker som har formats utifrån studiens frågeställningar: ”Vilka insatser sätter pedagoger in för elever som har svårigheter med läsinlärningen i de tidigare årskurserna?”, ”Vilka varningstecken bör en pedagog vara uppmärksam på vad gäller läsinlärningen?” och ”Vilka läsinlärningsmetoder används för att tillgodose elever med bristande läsförmåga?”. I studiens resultat framhävs vikten av tidiga insatser för elever som har någon form av läsproblematik, såväl som vikten av att anpassa undervisningen efter elevens behov och kunskaper. Resultatet visar även, i enighet med tidigare forskning, betydelsen av att använda olika metoder i läsinlärningen, för att alla elever skall ges möjlighet att nå en hållbar läsutveckling. / The purpose of this study is to make the knowledge of active educators visible, about the efforts that benefit pupils with low readiness to strengthen their chances of achieving sustainable reading development. The study is based on qualitative method with mainly personal interviews of five teachers and special educators. Phenomenography has been used to process the collected data, where respondents' perceptions have been central. The results have been discussed against previous research and on the basis of sociocultural and cognitivist views on learning. The study's results are presented in headings that have been formed based on the study's questions, “What efforts do pedagogues put in for pupils who have difficulties with reading learning in previous grades?”, “What warning signs should an educator be aware of in terms of reading learning?” and “What reading learning methods are used to accommodate pupils with reading difficulties?” The study's results emphasize the importance of early intervention for students who have some form of reading problems, as well as the importance of adapting the teaching to the pupil’s needs and knowledge. The respondents also highlight, in agreement with previous research, the importance of using different methods in reading learning, to give all pupils the opportunity to achieve sustainable reading development.

In educational research to date, many studies have tried to explain how to reduce the gap between theory and practice in science education. Parts of this research have been conducted through the medium of didactic models. Didactic models are frameworks which can help teachers make their didactic choices explicit for themselves as well as in communication with colleagues. Organizing purposes is one of these didactic models, a model which focuses on educational learning progression. In action research methodology we set out to find how a teacher’s learning progression practice could be affected by an implementation of organizing purposes. We used observations and interviews during a pilot study and three design cycles to collect out data. During our study we got to see how the didactic model organizing purposes could be useful for a teacher by giving structure to their work with learning progression in science education. We also saw what changed in the teacher’s teaching during the implementation of organizing purposes. Lastly, we found what factors the teacher saw as important and necessary for the didactic model to work. These were all linked to collaborative engagement. / I skolans värld har det gjorts flera undersökningar om hur man kan minska på gapet mellan teori och praktik i NO-undervisningen. Några av dessa undersökningar har gjorts med fokus på didaktiska modeller. Didaktiska modeller ger lärare en begreppsram som hen kan använda både när läraren strukturerar sin undervisning och när hen ska kommunicera sina didaktiska val i diskussion med kollegor. Organiserande syften är en didaktisk modell som är skapad så att läraren kan spetsa till sitt arbete med lärandeprogression. I denna undersökning användes aktionsforskning för att ta reda på hur en lärare kan använda sig av organiserande syften för att arbeta med lärandeprogression. Vi använder oss av observation och intervju för att under en pilotstudie samt tre designcykler samla data om hur läraren införlivar organiserande syften i sin undervisning. I resultat ser vi hur den didaktiska modellen organiserande syften hjälper läraren att få ett mer strukturerat arbetssätt för att uppnå lärandeprogression i NO-undervisningen. Vi har också sett vilka förändringar införlivningen av den didaktiska modellen i praktiken fått för lärarens undervisning. Slutligen har vi kunnat konstatera vilka faktorer läraren ser som viktiga för att den didaktiska modellen ska kunna fungera i praktiken.

This thesis contributes to our understanding of cognitive interoperability by explor-ing barriers, facilitators, and contextual factors to create a framework. With the ad-vent of the cognitive domain in warfighting, the adversary pursuit of military strate-gic advantage through cognitive science demands that we seize the initiative and seek cognitive superiority with allies and partners. Prior research acknowledges the importance of human interoperability but is limited to singular studies at the opera-tional and national level. This thesis shifts focus to the military strategic and multi-national level to uncover cognitive and cultural inhibitors and enablers of cognitive interoperability. The empirical data is drawn from a distinct case study that examines senior military officers during a combined exercise. The analysis explores compe-tencies that foster strategic empathy and collective intentionality with identity and human connectivity as major catalysts. Individuals are agents who collectively con-struct cognitive interoperability, setting conditions for cognitive dominance in future military competition.

Veritas: À la recherche d'une cabale de démons mangeurs d'enfants qui contrôlerait l'État, les suivants de Veritas, une théorie du complot créée dans les coins sombres de l'Internet par l'énigmatique prophète Vox, renversent la civilisation comme on la connaît. Mais ils ne s'arrêtent pas là : lorsqu'il ne leur reste plus d'ennemi extérieur, ils forment des factions et s'entredéchirent au nom de la vérité absolue, chaque faction étant convaincue que toutes les autres ont abandonné la voie. Dans les ruines âprement disputées d'une cité sans nom, cinq survivants tentent d'échapper aux fanatiques et à leurs envies meurtrières. L'influence pernicieuse et tordue de Veritas s'étend cependant sur eux, les retourne l'un contre l'autre et les transforme... ou révèle plutôt leurs parts d'ombre. Ces histoires qui nous détruisent: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion et QAnon, deux théories du complot du XXe et du XXIe siècle respectivement, emploient dans leur narration des procédés directement tirés de la fiction littéraire. Ce mémoire tente de les identifier et d'expliquer leur utilité dans la diffusion des théories du complot concernées. Ce mémoire étudie la structure, la voix narrative, la forme du discours et la présence de clichés littéraires dans The Protocols. En ce qui concerne QAnon, l'analyse prouve que l'histoire racontée par l'énigmatique « Q » et ses légions anonymes est en fait une reprise modernisée de l'histoire des Protocols. Le mémoire se penche également sur les influences littéraires de QAnon et sur les techniques uniques de narration participative de la théorie.

Veritas: À la recherche d'une cabale de démons mangeurs d'enfants qui contrôlerait l'État, les suivants de Veritas, une théorie du complot créée dans les coins sombres de l'Internet par l'énigmatique prophète Vox, renversent la civilisation comme on la connaît. Mais ils ne s'arrêtent pas là : lorsqu'il ne leur reste plus d'ennemi extérieur, ils forment des factions et s'entredéchirent au nom de la vérité absolue, chaque faction étant convaincue que toutes les autres ont abandonné la voie. Dans les ruines âprement disputées d'une cité sans nom, cinq survivants tentent d'échapper aux fanatiques et à leurs envies meurtrières. L'influence pernicieuse et tordue de Veritas s'étend cependant sur eux, les retourne l'un contre l'autre et les transforme... ou révèle plutôt leurs parts d'ombre. Ces histoires qui nous détruisent: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion et QAnon, deux théories du complot du XXe et du XXIe siècle respectivement, emploient dans leur narration des procédés directement tirés de la fiction littéraire. Ce mémoire tente de les identifier et d'expliquer leur utilité dans la diffusion des théories du complot concernées. Ce mémoire étudie la structure, la voix narrative, la forme du discours et la présence de clichés littéraires dans The Protocols. En ce qui concerne QAnon, l'analyse prouve que l'histoire racontée par l'énigmatique « Q » et ses légions anonymes est en fait une reprise modernisée de l'histoire des Protocols. Le mémoire se penche également sur les influences littéraires de QAnon et sur les techniques uniques de narration participative de la théorie.

Zur Charakterisierung der Mikrostruktur wurde die Geometrie des Verbundes aus REM-Aufnahmen ausgewertet, sowie die Verbundwirkung einzelner Filamente aus Filament-Pull-Out-Versuchen abgeleitet. Die gewonnenen Parameter bilden die Grundlage für die Modellierung von Garnauszugs- und Rissüberbrückungsmodellen. Unabhängig davon wurde ein Filament-Matrix-Verbund-Gesetz simuliert. Die Übereinstimmungen zwischen der Simulation und der experimentellen Untersuchung des Ausziehverhaltens werden in dem Artikel diskutiert. / The microstructure is characterized by analysing the bond geometrically and experimentally. The data to evaluate these two ways are from SEMimages and filament-pull-out-tests. Based on these data yarn-pull-out-models and crack-bridging-models are calculated. In addition a filament-matrix-bond-law is simulated independently. The correlation between the simulation and the experimental analysis of the pull-out behaviour is discussed in this paper.

Thesis--Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen. / Published by LP Publications and by Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies - verso. Includes bibliographical references ((p. 339-352)) and index. Catalogue of the Holbeck library: p. 96-229.