<p>The number of young women who self-mutilate in different ways has increased dramatically in recent years. Self-mutilation is a way of trying to feel better for the moment. People who self-mutilate often have some other underlying illness such as borderline disease. Women are overrepresented in this group of people and their behaviour is often rooted in a history of childhood trauma, sexual abuse, and psychic maltreatment. The aim of this study is to reveal thoughts about the future among young women who self-mutilate. There are few documented reports in this area. Most of the documented reports are about behaviour. In this study seven young women with a history of self-mutilation described their thoughts in a diary about the future. The results revealed that many of their thoughts about the future concerned their future relationships and related concerns. Even their future education and work is important. There were major concerns about their future and whether they could live an independent life.</p>

The number of young women who self-mutilate in different ways has increased dramatically in recent years. Self-mutilation is a way of trying to feel better for the moment. People who self-mutilate often have some other underlying illness such as borderline disease. Women are overrepresented in this group of people and their behaviour is often rooted in a history of childhood trauma, sexual abuse, and psychic maltreatment. The aim of this study is to reveal thoughts about the future among young women who self-mutilate. There are few documented reports in this area. Most of the documented reports are about behaviour. In this study seven young women with a history of self-mutilation described their thoughts in a diary about the future. The results revealed that many of their thoughts about the future concerned their future relationships and related concerns. Even their future education and work is important. There were major concerns about their future and whether they could live an independent life.

Vi har valt att göra en studie där vårt syfte var att undersöka vad det är som påverkar att unga kvinnor mår dåligt samt varför de väljer att skada sig själva. Genom en kvalitativ studie har vi tagit del av unga kvinnors och olika instansers livsberättelser och erfarenheter kring dessa fenomen. Det som ligger till grund för vår analys är resultatet utifrån livsberättelserna och erfarenheterna samt tidigare forskning. Detta för att väga upp vårt material i analysen då det är en mindre studie som vi har gjort. Genom våra sju intervjuer, tre stycken unga kvinnor och fyra stycken instanser, har vi kommit fram till att kvinnorna påverkas av yttre faktorer, exempelvis av de saker som skrivs i media. En annan faktor som vi såg påverkade kvinnorna var familjesituationen, där tryggheten inte alltid har funnits med i bilden. Det som även uppkom var de krav som ställs på de unga kvinnorna, hur de ska förhålla sig i samhället exempelvis i skolan. Genom vår studie hoppas vi kunna uppmärksamma problemet kring den psykiska ohälsan som bidrar till att unga kvinnor skadar sig själva.

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa och självskadebeteenden ökar i samhället och är ett oroväckande folkhälsoproblem. Självskadebeteende utgörs av allt från ett icke-suicidalt självskadebeteende till avsiktliga självskador som kan resultera i suicid. Självskadebeteenden kan vara en följd av psykiskt och känslomässigt lidande. Akutsjuksköterskan har en central och betydelsefull roll i mötet, när patienter med självskadebeteenden söker vård på somatisk akutmottagning. Syftetvar att beskriva faktorer som påverkar akutsjuksköterskors möte av patienter med självskadebeteenden på somatisk akutmottagning. Metod: Studien utgörs av en litteraturstudiemed systematisk metod. Föreliggande studie resulterade i 17 vetenskapliga artiklar och bearbetades utifrån en integrerad analys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudkategoriersom beskrev positiva och negativa faktorer som påverkade mötet av patienter med självskadebeteenden. De underkategorier som visades ha den främsta påverkan i akutsjuksköterskans möte med patienter med ett självskadebeteende var utbildning, erfarenhet och personcentrad vård. Akutsjuksköterskor som hade erfarenhet, kunskap och utbildninghade en större acceptans och helhetsperspektiv i mötet, vilket minskade negativa attityder till patienter med självskadebeteenden. Slutsats: En förutsättning för att se patienten bakom ett självskadebeteende på en somatisk akutmottagning och utifrån det kunna arbeta personcentrerat var att specialistsjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvård får utbildning kring självskadebeteenden. Specialistsjuksköterskan bör ha ett helhetsperspektiv i bemötandet och omvårdnaden av patienten för att främja hälsa och minska lidande hos denna sårbara patientgrupp. / Background: Mental illness and self-harm are increasing in society and are a worrying public health problem. Self-harm ranges from non-suicidal self-harm to intentional self-harm that can result in suicide. Self-harm can be a consequence of psychological and emotional suffering. The emergency nurse has a central and important role in the meeting when patients with self-harm seek treatment in a somatic emergency department. The aim was to describe factors that affect the meeting of patients with self-harm in somatic emergency departments.Method: The study consists of a literature study with a systematic method. The present study resulted in 17 scientific articles and was processed based on an integrated analysis. Results: The results revealed two main categories that described positive and negative factors that influenced the meeting of patients with self-harm behaviors. The subcategories that were shown to have the main impact in the emergency nurse's encounter with patients with selfharm were education, experience, and person-centered care. Emergency nurses who had experience, knowledge and training had a greater acceptance and holistic perspective in the meeting, which reduced negative attitudes towards patients with self-harm behaviors. Conclusion: A prerequisite for seeing the patient behind self-harm in a somatic emergency department and from that being able to work person-centered was that specialist nurses in emergency care receive training on self-harm behaviors. The specialist nurse should have a holistic approach to the treatment and care of the patient in order to promote health and reduce the suffering of this vulnerable patient group.

IntroductionSelf-destructive behavior is categorized as mental illness and refers to when a person injureshimself without suicidal motives. Mental illness is a widespread public health disease that isoften hidden and taboo. There is a general increase in self-destructive behavior among theSwedish population. Nurses describe their experienced lack of knowledge about meeting andcaring for these people. Nurses and other healthcare staff are responsible for giving people theopportunity to improve, maintain or regain good health and alleviate suffering. AimThe aim was to describe how people with self-destructive behavior experience the treatmentwhen in contact with healthcare. MethodA literature study with descriptive design and qualitative approach. Quality review wascarried out based on SBU's template. The result analysis of ten qualitative articles was carriedout according to Friberg's analysis model. ResultsThe results showed that when people with self-destructive behavior sought care, they felt thatthey were deprived of their autonomy and met with a negative attitude from the care staff.Lack of time was considered a contributing factor to the experience. The care staff'sknowledge and competence regarding the behavior was perceived to be lacking and that thecare was rarely individually adapted. Some felt they were treated with care and participation.When the people shared what they believed would promote good treatment, openness,understanding, commitment and empathy were desired. The work resulted in five categories;experiences of feeling diminished, the importance of specialized care and the importance oftime constraints, experiences of feeling important, the staff's knowledge and competence, andthe conditions for a good care meeting. ConclusionPeople with self-destructive behavior experienced that healthcare professionals treated themwith a negative attitude. They felt minimized and not taken seriously. The experience was alack of knowledge and competence on the part of the nursing staff. There were experiences ofpositive treatment, but the negative treatment was predominant. Further education of healthcare is suggested for the development of treatment and nursing. / IntroduktionSjälvdestruktivt beteendet kategoriseras som psykisk ohälsa och avser när en person skadarsig själv utan självmordsmotiv. Psykisk ohälsa är en omfattande folkhälsosjukdom som oftadöljs och tabubeläggs. Det ses en generell ökning av självdestruktivt beteende bland Sverigesbefolkning. Sjuksköterskor beskriver att de upplevt brist i sin kunskap kring att bemöta ochvårda dessa personer. Sjuksköterskor och övrig vårdpersonal ansvarar för att ge människormöjlighet att förbättra, behålla eller återfå god hälsa samt lindra lidande. SyfteSyftet var att beskriva hur personer med självdestruktivt beteende upplever bemötandet vidkontakt med vården. MetodEn litteraturstudie med beskrivande design och kvalitativ ansats. Kvalitetsgranskning utfördesutifrån SBU:s mall. Resultatanalysen av tio kvalitativa artiklar genomfördes enligt Fribergsanalysmodell. ResultatResultatet visade att när personer med självdestruktivt beteende sökt vård upplevde de sigfråntagna sin autonomi och att de bemöttes med negativ attityd från vårdpersonalen. Tidsbristansågs vara en bidragande faktor till upplevelsen. Vårdpersonalens kunskap och kompetenskring beteendet upplevdes vara bristande samt att vården sällan var individanpassad. En delupplevde sig bli bemötta med omsorg och delaktighet. När personerna delgav vad de ansågskulle främja ett gott bemötande önskades öppenhet, förståelse, engagemang och empati.Arbetet resulterade slutligen i fem kategorier; upplevelser av att känna sig förminskad, viktenav specialiserad vård och tidsbristens betydelse, upplevelser av att känna sig betydelsefull,personalens kunskap och kompetens samt förutsättningar för ett gott vårdmöte. SlutsatsPersoner med självdestruktivt beteende upplevde att vårdpersonal bemötte dem med negativattityd. De upplevde sig bli förminskade och inte tas på allvar. Upplevelsen var en bristgällande kunskap och kompetens hos vårdpersonalen. Det fanns upplevelser av positivtbemötande men det negativa bemötandet var övervägande. Vidare utbildning av personalföreslås för utveckling av bemötandet och omvårdnaden.

The purpose of this study is to analyse and describe social work students’ view on a person with self-injurious behaviour and the following issues. The aim and focus is on the general depiction. The theoretical perspectives have been intersectionality and its focus on social constructivism, and gender perspectives. The method was semi-structured interviews with eight social work students at Linnaeus University Kalmar. The collected data was the social work students’ opinions and it was contrasted with the previous research and was analysed from the above perspectives. The main conclusion is that social work students’ view on a person with self-injurious behaviour generally not consistent with the previous research. Previous research says that a person with self-injurious behaviour generally is a young, blonde, normal female. The majority of the social work students say that a person with self-injurious behaviour is a depressed, young female with dark hair and dark clothes. The social work students focus more on why a person goes to such extremes and hurts themselves.

Bakgrund: Kvinnor med självskadebeteende skadar sig inte för att de vill ta livet av sig, utan för att lindra den psykiska smärtan och för att få kontroll över ångesten. Det är viktigt att vårdpersonalen ser hela människan och inte bara beteendet, kvinnor med självskadebeteende vill bli sedda och behandlade som alla andra patienter.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av vården vid självskadebeteende. Metod: En kvalitativ studie gjordes utifrån en innebördsanalys. Fem självbiografier analyserades och bildade resultatet. Resultat: De fyra teman som återfinns i resultatet; att uppleva betydelsen av mötet mellan personal och kvinnor, att uppleva behandlingen som vårdande eller skadande, att uppleva betydelsen av att få bekräftelse vid vårdandet och att uppleva betydelsen av olika känslor vid vårdandet. Dessa teman visar att kvinnor med självskadebeteende vill bli sedda samt kunna känna en tillit till sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal. Tid för samtal upplevs vara viktigt för att kvinnor ska få en bra vård. Slutsats: Kvinnors upplevelser är både positiva och negativa. Delaktighet och förklaringar kring självskadebeteendet och vårdandet upplevs vara viktigt för att få en god hälsa och en god vårdtid. / Background: Women with self-harm don’t cut themselves because they want to die, they do it to ease the psychic pain, and they get control over their angst. It is important that the nurses see the big picture in the person behind the self-harming behavior. Women with this behavior wants to be seen and treated like the other patients. Aim: Women’s experiences of health care in regards to self-harm. Methods: The study, was made with a qualitative meaning analysis. Five self-biographies where analyzed and became the results. Results: The four themes in the results; to experience the significance of the meeting between staff and women, to experience treatment as caring or damaged, to experience the importance of getting confirmation by caring and to experience the role of emotions in caring. These themes shows that the women wants to be seen and feel trust to the nurses and other professionals. Time and places for conversations are the women`s needs for having good treatment and care. Conclusion: Women’s experiences is positive and negative. Participation and explanation about their disease and treatment experience the woman as an important part of being able to feel good and to health care should be a good experience.

<p>The aim with this study was to learn about the experiences of field workers and welfare officers in the field of possible self-harm behavior among young people.Our problem was: Do field workers and welfare officers treat young people with deliberate self-harm differently and - How do field workers and welfare officers describe deliberate self- harm?</p><p>Our study was conducted through qualitative semistructured interviews with twelve interviewee’s.The result of this study shows that there is a difference in how young people with self-harm behavior are being treated - based on their gender.One possible cause for this result could be the old tradition mindset of viewing boys and girls differently – and thus, treating them differently when they seek help.Our study shows there is a possibility of treating boys and girls differently – which shows that we made a thought-provoking point</p>

The aim with this study was to learn about the experiences of field workers and welfare officers in the field of possible self-harm behavior among young people.Our problem was: Do field workers and welfare officers treat young people with deliberate self-harm differently and - How do field workers and welfare officers describe deliberate self- harm? Our study was conducted through qualitative semistructured interviews with twelve interviewee’s.The result of this study shows that there is a difference in how young people with self-harm behavior are being treated - based on their gender.One possible cause for this result could be the old tradition mindset of viewing boys and girls differently – and thus, treating them differently when they seek help.Our study shows there is a possibility of treating boys and girls differently – which shows that we made a thought-provoking point

Tidigare studier har visat på att i varje missbrukares liv, finns cirka fem anhöriga som riskerar att utveckla medberoende. Riskfaktorerna associerade med medberoende påverkar därför förekomsten av psykiska ohälsa och ökar risken för att utveckla andra sjukdomar såsom depression, ångest och känslomässiga problem. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur medberoende i nära relationer kan utveckla självdestruktivt beteende och psykisk ohälsa. Med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod och intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod blev syftet med denna studie genomförd. Studien grundades på semistrukturerade intervjuer där totalt sex informanter deltog. Resultatet i studien visade på liknande resultat genom alla intervjuer, såsom förekomsten av psykiska sjukdomar, självdestruktivt beteende och vikten av introjektiv identifikation. Dessa tre kategorier kompletterar varandra i den skrivna ordningen. Resultatet tyder på att det kan vara så att den medberoende inte kan utveckla psykisk ohälsa utan fenomenet introjektiv identifikation och självdestruktivt beteende. För att det ska utvecklas någon form av psykisk ohälsa skulle den medberoende personen behöva utveckla ett självdestruktivt beteende, och resultatet tyder på att det inte är möjligt utan introjektiv identifiering i kontexten nära relationer. Dock med hjälp av anknytningsteorin och coping-strategin, visade slutsatsen att inte alla medberoende utvecklade psykisk ohälsa. Förekomsten av psykisk ohälsa påverkas av individens tidiga anknytningsmönster och copingförmåga. Studien ledde till slutsatsen att psykisk ohälsa är ett stort problem bland individer med medberoende. Medberoende är inte fastställt som en sjukdom, trots att risken för att eventuellt utveckla psykisk ohälsa finns. Trots de följdsjukdomar som medberoende medför är det ingen prioritering inom folkhälsopolitiken. / Previous studies have shown that in every drug addicted person’s life there is about five relatives which risks developing co-dependency. Therefore, the riskfactors affect the relative’s mental health and increase the risk of developing other illnesses such as depression, anxiety and emotional issues. The aim of the study was to investigate how co-dependency in close relationships can develop self-destructive behavior and mental illness. With the use of a qualitative method and interviews as a data collecting method, the aim for this study became fulfilled. The study was based on semi-structured interviews, performed by six participants. The results showed similar outcomes for all interviews, such as the prevalence for mental illness, self-destructive behaviour and the importance of introjective identification. These three categories complement each other in the order written. The results indicates that a co-dependent individual could not, without the phenomenon introjective identification and self-destructive behaviour acquire mental illness. However in order to acquire some kind of mental illness the co-dependent person would have to develop self-destructive behaviour, and the results showed that it is not possible without introjective identification in the context of a close relationship. Although, with the use of attachment theory and coping-strategy, the conclusion showed that not every co-dependent developed mental illness. The prevalence of illnesses was affected by the individuals early life attachment-pattern and coping skills. The study led to a conclusion that mental illness is a big issue among co-dependent individuals. Co-dependency is not a determined as a disease, despite the risk of possibly developing mental illness. It is still not a prioritization among public health authorities.